Researchers have uncovered how key proteins can switch on RAD51, allowing it to repair cancer-causing DNA damage in cells. Women with faulty RAD51 and BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are at higher risk of developing these cancers.
A twin study found that genetic factors account for approximately 30 percent of person-to-person variance in sweet taste perception. The study also revealed a shared pathway between the perception of natural sugars and high-potency sugar substitutes.
A new study published in Preventive Medicine found that sedentary time was not linked to poorer diets among US adults. However, more sedentary time was associated with a lower intake of empty calories. The researchers suggest targeting reducing and breaking up sedentary time as a separate strategy from encouraging healthy dietary habits.
A team of neuroscientists identified a specific acoustic characteristic called 'roughness' that is unique to screams. This trait refers to how fast the sound changes in loudness, and it's measured in Hertz (Hz), typically between 30-150 Hz.
A new study found that increased radiation dose offers no survival benefit for patients with low-risk prostate cancer. In contrast, men with medium- and high-risk cancers saw improved survival rates with higher doses.
Typhoon Nangka is moving north towards mainland Japan, with NASA satellites tracking its progression. The storm's maximum sustained winds decreased from 65 knots to 75 mph/120 kph, making it a minimal category 1 typhoon.
Researchers found that bone marrow-derived cells can develop into fat cells, with BMI playing a significant role. The study suggests potential new therapies for metabolic diseases and obesity-related conditions.
A new project at Brown University aims to make cells 'smart' enough to emit light precisely when needed to control themselves or their neighbors. This could lead to new ways to treat problems like epileptic seizures, Parkinson's disease, and diabetes.
Researchers have discovered a unique binary star system, Gaia14aae, where one star eclipses the other. The system is an important laboratory for studying ultra-bright supernova explosions, which help measure the expansion of the Universe.
Research reveals that salicylic acid shapes the microbial community at a plant's root by keeping certain families of bacteria out and letting others in. The hormone also recruits desirable bacterial families, a discovery that could lead to increased plant productivity.
Scientists have discovered opalescent pools in the Santorini volcano's crater containing high concentrations of carbon dioxide. The pools' unique properties may hold answers to questions about deepsea carbon storage and provide a means of monitoring the volcano for future eruptions.
A new study found that the administration of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic component of cannabis, significantly enhances the healing process of bone fractures. The study, conducted on rats with mid-femoral fractures, showed that CBD markedly improves bone healing after just eight weeks.
A new study suggests high solar activity in the 1950s-80s slowed down ocean circulation between the South Atlantic and North Atlantic, cooling Greenland while the rest of the Northern Hemisphere warmed. Weak solar activity could now fire up the circulation mechanism, leading to faster ice sheet melting and increased sea-level rise.
Research suggests that cognitive training can improve shooting abilities by enhancing response inhibition, particularly in individuals with ADHD. The study found that participants who underwent response inhibition training shot fewer civilians in simulated scenarios, indicating a potential new approach to firearms training.
A newly identified species of feathered dinosaur has been found to have complex, quill pen-like feathers and short wings, challenging previous assumptions about the diversity of winged dinosaurs. The discovery, published in Scientific Reports, provides new insights into the evolution and biology of these fascinating creatures.
Researchers detected four known genetic mutations causing thoracic aortic aneurysms and identified 22 previously unknown variants contributing to the condition. This technology enabled personalized care, including preventive surgery and more frequent imaging tests for patients with high-risk mutations.
A five-year grant from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture will support a graduate training program combining laboratory research and practical application to enhance food safety in the produce industry. The program aims to develop tested, validated methods to reduce food safety risks in an affordable way.
Recent progress in AI has driven significant advancements in machine learning, language processing, and human-like computer programs. Researchers discuss potential implications for humankind, including challenges to privacy, equality, and the public good.
A 30-year study of 4,941 thyroid cancer patients found that moderate TSH suppression can bring benefits comparable to more extreme approaches, with potentially fewer side effects. The research supports a shift towards more tailored hormone suppression strategies for high-risk patients.
New research evaluates a restaurant scorecard for healthy dining, identifying 100 actions to promote healthier eating behaviors. The study found that the scorecards can reliably rate a restaurant's effectiveness in helping diners make healthy choices.
A new study found that bilingual individuals have more gray matter in the brain's executive control region, which is involved in tasks such as attention, inhibition, and short-term memory. This 'bilingual advantage' was observed in Spanish-English bilinguals but not in ASL-English bilinguals.
A study by the University of Birmingham found that Chinese children cared for mainly by their grandparents are more than twice as likely to be overweight or obese. Grandparents often indulge and protect their grandkids, leading to unhealthy eating habits and a lack of physical activity.
A University of Florida study found that encountering rude behavior at work makes people more likely to perceive rudeness in later interactions, leading to a vicious cycle. The study's findings provide evidence that everyday impoliteness spreads in the workplace, having a powerful negative effect on performance.
Researchers found that subtle visual distractions caused significant deviations from the intended path, contrary to intuition. The study's findings suggest a new phenomenon where the brain employs a suppression mechanism to tune out bigger distractions, but struggles with less apparent ones.
Genome researchers should disclose misattributed parentage to parents to respect their autonomy and sense of self. The issue also explores punishing health care providers for treating terrorists, highlighting the need for moral and legal clarity in such situations.
A new family of chemical structures, known as zeolites, have been created by an international team of researchers to separate out carbon dioxide more effectively from fuel gases. These complex structures show rapid and selective uptake of CO2, a key step in carbon capture and storage strategies.
Researchers developed an algorithm inspired by brain pruning, which eliminates unneeded connections in early childhood. The neuroscience-based approach created more efficient and robust networks than traditional engineering methods.
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed a system to increase bioavailability of resveratrol and quercetin, potentially allowing extensive use of Adriamycin while reducing cardiac toxicity. The co-administration of these polyphenols enhances the efficacy of cancer drugs by sensitizing cancer cells.
Researchers found that high blood pressure at a younger age can affect cognitive performance many years later. Participants with high blood pressure scored more poorly on tests of attention and executive function, highlighting the importance of managing factors that impact brain aging.
Researchers will examine how emotional processing deficits in MS are associated with social functioning across three levels. People with MS face difficulties recognizing universal emotions, leading to relationship issues and social isolation.
Researchers at Rockefeller University discovered that high affinity B cells divide faster during the antibody selection process, giving them an advantage. This discovery builds on earlier work and may have important implications for improving vaccines and understanding lymphomas.
Mammals underwent rapid 'burst' of evolutionary change in the mid-Jurassic, producing characteristic body shapes that remained recognisable for tens of millions of years. This period of radical change produced up to 8 significant changes per million years, compared to 1-2 at the end of the Jurassic.
A new ingredient, SODA-LO Salt Microspheres, has been shown to reduce sodium intake in the US population by 230-300 milligrams per day, a significant decrease of 7-9%. This reduction can lead to substantial healthcare cost savings, estimated at $3.0 to $5.3 billion annually.
A study of approximately 500 older adults found that two-thirds who screened positive for cognitive impairment refused diagnostic assessment. Living alone was a significant factor, as well as negative preconceptions about dementia stigma.
Researchers created miniature brains from patient skin cells to study autism, finding altered gene expression networks and an imbalance in neuron type. Suppressing a key gene corrected this bias, suggesting possible clinical interventions.
A Virginia Tech scientist has developed a mathematical model that demonstrates bacteria can control the behavior of robots, opening up new possibilities in ecology, biology, and robotics. The model uses engineered gene circuits in E. coli to create a bacteria-robot system that exhibits unique decision-making behavior.
Researchers studied zebrafish to understand how support cells contribute to hair cell regeneration after damage or death. Approximately half of the dividing support cells differentiated into hair cells, while the rest self-renewed, maintaining a reserve force for regenerative action.
Scientists have discovered that light can be stored and trap particles of light called phonon polaritons behave in unique ways. The light's movement isn't random but follows fixed angles with respect to the atomic structure, leading to interesting resonances.
A new study has uncovered a key factor in the variability of genetic disease severity, enabling prediction and personalized treatment approaches. By analyzing genetic background, researchers can now estimate disease severity, providing hope for improved management and therapy development.
Researchers discovered that phytohormones regulate microbial abundance, influencing the composition of root microbiomes. The study found that plants can select and benefit from specific strains of microbes, but also face pathogens that take nutrients and damage plants.
Researchers found that activating Nurr1, a class of proteins in the brain, protects dopamine neurons and improves motor control. The study suggests that existing anti-malaria drugs could be repurposed to treat Parkinson's disease.
Researchers at VIB have identified a promising target pathway for treating fragile X syndrome and autism. By targeting the APP-ADAM10 pathway, scientists may be able to ameliorate deficits associated with these conditions. The study's findings open new avenues for developing non-toxic therapeutic agents.
NASA's RapidScat instrument detected tropical storm-force winds in Tropical Storm Enrique on July 16, contradicting a forecast that the system would weaken. The storm is moving west-northwest at 8 mph and may turn west by Friday.
Researchers from the University of Surrey have made a breakthrough discovery that the bacteria causing Buruli ulcer disease triggers a blood clot, similar to deep vein thrombosis. This finding suggests that anticoagulant medicines may be effective in treating the disease, leading to faster healing and fewer side effects.
Researchers at UVA Health System have identified a new potential cause of the recent child paralysis outbreak, Enterovirus C105. While it is unclear if this virus is responsible for the outbreak, experts are cautioning against over-interpretation and emphasizing the need for further analysis.
Researchers have discovered that iron regulatory proteins play a crucial role in fighting off infection by controlling iron levels. The study found that mice lacking these proteins died when infected with the Salmonella bacteria, highlighting their importance in immune defense.
A recent study published in Molecular Aspects of Medicine has identified genetic markers that link an increased risk for developing both type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. The research, led by Dr. Giulio Maria Pasinetti, found specific genetic variations associated with higher susceptibility to both conditions.
A new study finds polar bears experience limited energy savings in summer due to the ongoing loss of sea ice. Despite initial hopes that they could compensate for food deprivation through modified activity and metabolic rates, researchers found no evidence of such adaptations.
A massive study of 377,000 high school students found that first-borns have a one-IQ-point advantage over later-borns but the differences are statistically insignificant. First-borns tend to be more extroverted and conscientious, while later-borns have less anxiety, but these effects are infinitesimally small.
Researchers have identified two signaling molecules required for proper cochlea development. The study contributes to understanding of inner ear development and its potential goal of regenerating sensory hair cells, a key step toward reversing hearing loss in mammals.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that introducing an enzyme called ceramidase in diabetic mice rapidly improved insulin sensitivity. The study suggests a new means to potentially treat Type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by lowering ceramide levels, which interfere with insulin signaling.
A study published in the American Journal of Public Health found that obese individuals have a low chance of recovering normal body weight, with only 1 in 210 men and 1 in 124 women achieving this goal. The research highlights the need for obesity prevention strategies to address the rising obesity epidemic.
Graphene transistors and photodetectors will benefit from this simpler thermodynamic approach, allowing for improved performance. Researchers have discovered that the energy of ultrafast electrical currents is efficiently converted into electron heat, enabling faster operation speeds.
The Chicago Ebola Resource Network (CERN) shares expertise, resources, and risk to anticipate and respond to Black Swan events. Collaborative efforts among academic medical centers and public health leaders resulted in efficient programs with reduced disruption to routine patient care.
Researchers Neil Ganem and Anurag Singh at Boston University School of Medicine are developing new strategies to inhibit the growth of chromosomally unstable cancer cells expressing oncogenic BRAF. They have identified two major types of NRAS networks in melanoma, which may be targeted with selective anti-cancer agents.
Senator Ben Cardin receives the 2015 ESA Regional Policy Award for his decades-long commitment to environmental protection and ecosystem health. The award recognizes his efforts to promote Chesapeake Bay restoration, address climate change, and ensure science is at the table in federal policymaking.
Researchers discovered that screams possess special acoustic properties, including roughness, which is a specific type of vocal expression used in stressful situations. Screams are modulated at a faster rate than normal speech, making them more attention-grabbing.
New research reveals polar bears' metabolic rates remain high during summer ice melt, limiting their ability to conserve energy. The study suggests that as sea ice loss increases, polar bears are unable to adapt by entering a low-energy state, leaving them vulnerable to food shortages and reduced survival rates.
The newly discovered Rhombophryne longicrus is an unusually long-legged new species of frog from Madagascar that challenges the traditional burrowing behavior of its relatives. Genetic analyses reveal close relationships to another diamond frog species, highlighting concerns over extinction due to habitat destruction.
Researchers predict a new Little Ice Age may begin by 2030, with reduced solar activity leading to significant cooling of the Earth's atmosphere. This decrease in solar irradiance could result in severe winters and cold summers, similar to those experienced during the Maunder minimum in the 17th century.
A UCLA study found that the Sound Body Sound Mind curriculum tripled the percentage of students who passed California's standardized physical fitness test in under-resourced schools. The program increased students' confidence levels, enjoyment of physical activity, and knowledge about fitness.
A study published in the Financial Review shows that frequent portfolio rebalancing can significantly reduce trading costs, leading to higher risk-adjusted returns. Investors can apply these strategies to existing portfolios with ease, reducing costs by up to 90% and improving investment outcomes.
By analyzing blood flow patterns, researchers have identified 13 main brain networks that work together and can be used to diagnose neurological disorders like Alzheimer's. The study provides new insights into how the brain organizes itself and sets the stage for early diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers have developed a new catalyst for selective oxidation of methanol to dimethoxymethane, achieving high conversions and selectivities under mild conditions. The optimized catalyst, V2O5/TiO2-Al2O3, exhibits superior performance compared to traditional methods.
Scientists at Princeton University have discovered Weyl fermions, a massless particle theorized 85 years ago. The particle could enable nearly free and efficient flow of electricity in electronics, leading to greater power for computers.
A research team from the University of Lomé in Togo identified 17 species of the Pteridaceae fern family, including one first recorded in the country. The study provides a detailed identification key for all species, including new records and synonyms.
Researchers found that mosquitoes primarily use smell to detect CO2 plumes from 10-50 meters away, then switch to visual cues as they get closer. Visual and thermal sensory information are combined to create a spatial map of the host's location, allowing mosquitoes to pinpoint their target.
A clinical trial found that exercising 300 minutes per week reduced total body fat and abdominal fat in postmenopausal women, with greater effects seen in obese women. The study supports the recommendation for postmenopausal women to exercise at least 300 minutes/week for cancer prevention.
Hurricane Dolores is a category 3 hurricane with maximum sustained winds near 115mph, affecting Mexico's Revillagigedo Islands and generating rough surf. The storm is forecast to weaken gradually over the next 24 hours before moving into colder waters.
A study published in Food Quality and Preference found that women tend to buy fragrances for men, suggesting a desire to influence their partner's scent preferences. In contrast, women are less likely to share or gift fragrances with other women, citing concerns about negative connotations.
Tradable Energy Quotas (TEQs) are a policy framework that addresses the bind between climate science and political reality. By implementing a quantity-based energy quota system, TEQs offers an equitable and expeditious way to bridge the gulf between climate ambition and public support.
Lithium chloride has been shown to prevent cartilage degradation and loss of mechanical integrity associated with osteoarthritis. This breakthrough finding offers a novel potential treatment option for the devastating condition affecting over a third of people over 45 in the UK.
Researchers discovered that a plant hormone, salicylic acid, acts as a 'bacterial bouncer' below ground, sculpting the microbiome surrounding a plant's roots. This finding suggests that salicylic acid is required to assemble a normal, commensal root microbiome.
A worldwide study found a consistent biological rule governing the relationship between plant biomass and species diversity in grassland ecosystems. Plant species diversity is generally greatest at intermediate levels of plant biomass. The research has implications for managing and conserving grassland biodiversity globally.
Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health notes that more efficient research methods are needed to continue scientific progress. Dr. Muennig's project demonstrates the potential for automation in public health research, reducing costs by over 75%.
Researchers found that existing malaria infections in mosquitoes facilitate replication of secondary infections, leading to higher parasite loads. This could disproportionately contribute to malaria transmission, especially if control measures focus on reducing mosquito feedings.
A new study published in Social Science & Medicine proposes taxing sugary drinks based on their calorie content to encourage healthier choices. This approach could lead to a reduction in obesity rates and an increase in the consumption of low-calorie alternatives.
RapidScat data showed the strongest winds in Tropical Storm Halola were located in its northeastern quadrant, reaching speeds of up to 62mph. The storm is expected to strengthen into a typhoon by July 17 and pass northeast of Iwo To island, Japan, by July 21.
Whipple, a doctoral student at the University of Minnesota School of Nursing, was awarded the NHCGNE Patricia G. Archbold Scholar Award to support her research and career development. The award aims to increase the cadre of academic geriatric nurses and build leadership capacity in the field.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab developed a new technique called SINGLE that provides 3D images of individual platinum nanoparticles in solution. This allows for the study of their structures and properties, which is crucial for applications in renewable energy, catalysis, and more.
Researchers found a new treatment approach for blood clots that allows patients to go home the same day, reducing hospital stays and costs. The treatment, rivaroxaban, also reduces recurrent thrombosis and bleeding rates.
A new study found that nearly all people in Chennai, India have been exposed to dengue and 44% to chikungunya, but only a small percentage report symptoms. The research highlights the need for better awareness and control measures to combat these mosquito-borne diseases.
Researchers found that mosquitoes employ a razor-sharp sense of smell to detect warm-blooded prey, triggering vision and other sensory systems. The team used wind tunnels to study mosquito behavior, observing how carbon dioxide triggers a strong response in the insects.
Researchers found that human screams occupy a reserved chunk of the auditory spectrum and activate a range of acoustic information. Screams have a property called roughness, which refers to how fast a sound changes in loudness, making them more terrifying.
Researchers at Yale School of Medicine have developed a stem cell study that could help predict autism spectrum disorder and identify new drug targets. The study used skin cells to generate simulated brain organoids, revealing gene expression and developmental abnormalities in autism.
Researchers have discovered a way to expand metal matrix syntactic foams applications to autos, trains, ships and others requiring lightweight structural components that retain strength when bent or compressed. The new sandwich composite increased stiffness and offered high energy absorption.
Researchers create remote controlled, next-generation tissue implant that allows neuroscientists to inject drugs and shine lights on neurons deep inside the brains of mice. The device has potential for mapping brain circuit activity and understanding disorders like stress, depression, addiction, and pain.
A new multispectral microscope has been successfully demonstrated, enabling rapid and data-rich biomedical imaging. The instrument produces a continuous series of datasets revealing the presence of multiple colors at each point in a biological sample, revolutionizing pharmaceutical research.
Researchers developed a wireless device implanted in mice brains that can deliver drugs via remote control. The technology targets specific brain circuits, promising fewer side effects for neurological disorders.
A pilot study in Parkinson's disease suggests that remote recruitment and conduct of research visits is feasible and well-received by participants. The study leverages direct-to-consumer genetic testing and telemedicine to diagnose and treat diseases, potentially increasing participation in clinical research and accelerating diagnosis.
A Phase I research study is underway to develop a vaccine that could prevent recurrence of some childhood cancers in patients who have relapsed after surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. The trial has enrolled three patients so far and aims to stimulate the immune system to attack specific tumor proteins.
Researchers at Rice University deciphered how individual neurons predict behavior in perceptual tests, finding that neurons often share the same information. The study explains a long-standing paradox in neural activity and has implications for understanding neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers find Weyl points, predicted by Hermann Weyl in 1929, in photonic crystals, opening a new area of photonics. The discovery paves the way for new photonic phenomena and applications, including angularly selective materials and powerful single-frequency lasers.
A team of physicists has confirmed the detection of Weyl points, a kind of massless particle predicted by physicist Hermann Weyl in 1929. The finding was made possible by a novel use of a photonic crystal material, which could lead to new kinds of high-power single-mode lasers and other optical devices.
A new study by David Moorman and Gary Aston-Jones found that neurons in both dorsal and ventral prefrontal cortex work together to control behavior, rather than separate areas controlling 'going' and 'stopping' actions.
The structure of Oskar's two domains has been solved, enabling researchers to understand how the protein functions in developing reproductive cells. The OSK domain binds to RNA, while the LOTUS domain interacts with an enzyme called Vasa helicase, which is crucial for germ plasm formation.
A recent study reveals that eating habits play a crucial role in the weight gain of overweight children. The researchers found that children who are triggered by food and eat when they are full tend to have a steeper BMI curve. In contrast, physical activity and TV viewing do not explain why some children's BMI increases more than others.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute aim to suppress HIV in latently infected cells using a novel antiviral target and a molecule called didehydro-Cortistatin A. The new approach has the potential to reduce the size of the latent reservoir pool of HIV.
Researchers at Australian National University trained fairy wrens to recognize unfamiliar alarm calls and flee when threatened, demonstrating birds' ability to eavesdrop on other species. This breakthrough could aid in training captive animals to detect danger signals before release.
A new study will examine the relationship between family stress, parenting behaviors, and early childhood cavities in children aged 1-3 years. The two-year study aims to identify factors that contribute to the development of Early Childhood Caries and improve prevention strategies.
A study found that fewer than one in six healthcare workers (4/30) follow CDC guidelines for removing personal protective equipment (PPE). The researchers observed HCWs entering and exiting patient rooms without proper technique, leading to potential pathogen transmission.
A new study using data from six continents provides strong evidence supporting the humped-back model (HBM) of plant species richness. The HBM theory suggests that environmental stress can lead to low plant productivity, with highly competitive species dominating at high productivity levels. The research found a very strong correlation ...
A new study by MD Anderson researchers found that protein 14-3-3 sigma opposes and reverses tumor-promoting metabolic programs in breast cancer. The study revealed that 14-3-3 sigma suppresses cancer glycosis, preventing tumors from converting glucose into pyruvate.
The National Academies have launched an international initiative to address the technical, social, and ethical issues surrounding human genome editing. The initiative aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of human genome editing and its implications for improving human health and boosting food production.
A study suggests that massive changes in the oceans' future could lead to a fundamentally different type of production regime. Rising CO2 emissions could result in a shift from phytoplankton-driven primary production to heterotrophy, leading to changes in nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration.
Researchers at Harvard University and UC San Diego have developed a new software that predicts the most active guide RNAs for specific gene targets, facilitating faster and more efficient genome engineering experiments. This breakthrough has the potential to accelerate discoveries in gene therapies and basic genetics research.
An international team of researchers has identified two robust genetic variants associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). The study, published in Nature, found that these variants are located on chromosome 10 and may be linked to mitochondrial function.
Researchers have developed a novel imaging method to capture the 3D structures of nanocrystals, which could be used to fight cancer and collect renewable energy. The method reveals asymmetrical multi-domain structures in platinum nanoparticles.
Asthmatics are particularly sensitive to sulfur dioxide, which can cause airway irritation even at low concentrations. Scientists still don't know why asthmatics lack the ability to produce interleukin-10, a protein that stops inflammatory processes.
Researchers discovered that graphene electrons share heat when exposed to ultrafast electrical currents, behaving like a hot gas. This thermodynamic approach allows for better understanding and improvement of graphene-based nano-electronic devices.
Researchers at Duke University found that attention problems are a key factor in civilian shooting casualties. Training in response inhibition can improve shooting abilities and reduce errors.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Public Health found that healthcare providers, including doctors, nurses, and mental health professionals, hold implicit biases towards lesbian women and gay men. The study used the Sexuality Implicit Association Test to assess attitudes towards sexual orientation among over 200,000 p...
Scientists analyzed ocean temperature measurements, finding a layer between 300-1,000 feet below the surface has been accumulating more heat than previously recognized. This warming will drive a surge in global surface warming as warm water moves westward, affecting surface temperatures and climate patterns.
A new treatment method using magnetic pulses has shown promise in reducing tinnitus symptoms for more than half of study participants. The treatment, known as transcranial magnetic stimulation, targets the auditory cortex in the brain and has been approved only for depression treatment.