Researchers question what happens in the brain when we think
Researchers question the brain's sparse coding mechanism, instead finding a large network of connections activated when we process impressions.
Science News for June 25, 2015
What controls blood flow in the brain?
New research reveals that smooth muscle cells surrounding brain blood vessels regulate blood flow in response to neuronal activity. The study contradicts previous theories on pericytes' role in blood vessel formation and function.
Redrawing language map of brain
Scientists have updated the traditional brain map of language comprehension by discovering a new location for word comprehension in the left anterior temporal lobe. Sentence comprehension is found to be distributed widely throughout the language network, contradicting previous theories. The study provides a more precise target for futu...
Breakthrough graphene production could trigger revolution in artificial skin development
Researchers at the University of Exeter have discovered a new technique for producing high-quality, low-cost graphene, paving the way for flexible electronic skin development. The breakthrough could enable the creation of truly flexible electronics and wearable technologies.
SSRI antidepressants taken for menopausal symptoms may boost bone fracture risk
Research suggests that SSRIs taken for menopausal symptoms may increase bone fracture risk in middle-aged women, with significant increases observed after several years of treatment. Shorter treatment lengths may be preferable to mitigate this risk.
Multiple pathways progressing to Alzheimer's disease
Researchers at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine found that early indicators of Alzheimer's disease are not fixed in a specific sequence, complicating diagnosis efforts. The study suggests that different neurobiological pathways lead to the expression of the disease.
Three simple rules govern complex brain circuit in fly
Researchers used imaging and computation to unravel a complex neural mystery, discovering three simple rules that govern the visual system of the humble fruit fly. The findings have implications for understanding human brain development and could lead to new approaches to decoding complex biological systems.
Starfish that clone themselves live longer
A recent study by the University of Gothenburg has found that starfish that reproduce through cloning have better health and longer lifespans than those that undergo sexual reproduction. This is due to the regulation of telomeres, which are crucial for an individual's lifespan.
New NASA supercomputer model shows planet making waves in nearby debris disk
A new NASA supercomputer simulation of the planet and debris disk around Beta Pictoris reveals that the planet's motion drives spiral waves throughout the disk, causing collisions among orbiting debris. The patterns in these collisions account for many observed features that previous research has struggled to explain.
New target identified for inhibiting malaria parasite invasion
A new study finds that calcineurin is essential for malaria parasites to invade red blood cells. The protein allows the parasite to recognize and attach to the red blood cell surface, and inhibitors of calcineurin can prevent infection.
More endangered pygmy sloths in Panama than previously estimated
A new study reveals that pygmy sloths inhabit not only mangrove fringes but also the forested interior of their island refuge in Panama. The estimated population size was found to be significantly higher than previously thought, ranging from 500 to 1,500 individuals.
Pet care can help improve adolescents' Type 1 diabetes management, pediatricians find
Researchers found that pet care can significantly improve monitoring of Type 1 diabetes in adolescents, leading to lower blood glucose levels. The study's senior author instructs families to associate regular pet fish care with diabetes care, resulting in improved hemoglobin A1C levels.
Antarctic sponges: DNA barcoding discloses diversity
Researchers used DNA barcoding to study Antarctic sponge diversity and revealed a highly diverse group of species, comparable to tropical communities. The genetic analysis suggests that these sponges developed as an isolated population, likely descended from ancestral forms in Gondwana waters.
Pre-empting pressure ulcers in individuals with spinal cord injury
Researchers developed a computational model to predict pressure ulcer formation in individuals with spinal cord injuries. The model demonstrated that early anti-inflammatory measures were crucial in preventing ulcers.
Rapid Ebola diagnostic successful in field trial
A new rapid diagnostic test has been shown to accurately diagnose Ebola virus disease within minutes, revolutionizing treatment and containment. The test's sensitivity and specificity rates are comparable to laboratory-based methods, offering a promising solution to the challenges of early diagnosis and timely intervention.
Compound in magnolia may combat head and neck cancers
A study from VA and the University of Alabama at Birmingham found that honokiol shuts down cancer cells in lab, blocking EGFR protein in squamous cell head and neck cancers. The compound has shown promise as a treatment option for this aggressive form of cancer.
Argonne analysis shows increased carbon intensity from Canadian oil sands
The study found that fuel extracted and refined from Canadian oil sands releases approximately 20% more carbon into the atmosphere over its lifetime. This is due to energy-intensive extraction and refining processes, as well as methane emissions and land disturbance.
Lax rules put Congo's forests, key carbon reserve, at risk
The Democratic Republic of Congo's forests are under threat from lax conservation efforts, with up to 20% loss predicted and a 60% increase in carbon emissions expected. A new study suggests that greater protection measures, including protected areas and land use zoning, could reduce deforestation by more than half.
Therapy affects the brain of people with Tourette syndrome
A study by researchers at the University of Montreal found that cognitive behavioral therapy can alter brain function in people with Tourette syndrome, reducing tics and improving brain activity. The therapy helped normalize brain activity in areas affected by the disorder.
Iron: A biological element?
A recent study published in PNAS reveals that half of the iron in banded iron formations originated from ancient bacteria metabolizing iron two and a half billion years ago. The findings provide new insights into the evolution of our planet and the origins of life, with significant implications for fields like mining and astrobiology.
SourceUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJun 25, 2015
SHSU professor investigates parent-child visitation in prison
A recent study by Sam Houston State University professor Melinda Tasca found that two-thirds of children who visited a parent in prison experienced fear, anger, and anxiety. The study suggests that institutional environment and parent-child relationship are key factors shaping children's responses to prison visitation.
Revisiting the restriction of antibiotics
A new study suggests that restricting specific antibiotics could lead to an increased frequency of multi-drug resistance. The study found that using restricted antibiotics can facilitate the spread of resistant pathogens, despite potential short-term benefits in treatment effectiveness.
New class of compounds shrinks pancreatic cancer tumours and prevents regrowth
Scientists at University College London have designed a chemical compound called MM41 that targets quadruplexes, faulty genes found in pancreatic cancers. The compound reduced tumor growth by 80% and prevented regrowth in mice, showing promise for treating pancreatic cancer.
New approach holds promise for earlier, easier detection of colorectal cancer
Researchers developed an electrochemical platform to measure DNMT1 activity, a protein linked to cancerous transformation, in crude tissue samples. The technique shows promise for early detection of colorectal cancer with high sensitivity and minimal invasion.
AASLD updates guidance for use of hepatitis C drugs
The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) has updated its guidance on testing, managing, and treating hepatitis C virus (HCV). The new recommendations focus on direct-acting antiviral drugs, which have shown high efficacy in curing HCV. With these updates, millions of Americans living with chronic HCV may now hav...
Calcium uptake by mitochondria makes heart beat harder in fight-or-flight response
Researchers at Temple University School of Medicine discovered that calcium uptake by mitochondria is essential for the heart to beat faster and harder during stress. The study found that during a heart attack, increased calcium uptake leads to cell death, but in normal conditions, it has little impact on metabolic function.
Poppies provide missing piece of morphine biosynthesis puzzle
Researchers have identified a fusion gene in poppy plants that facilitates important steps in the plant's morphine-producing pathway. The findings complete the metabolic pathway for morphine, enabling the production of the economically important drug without the need for cultivating poppy fields.
Some forestlands cool climate better without trees, Dartmouth-led study finds
A Dartmouth-led study suggests that some forestlands may be more valuable without trees, as snow-covered ground can act as a natural mirror to cool the climate. The research highlights the importance of surface reflectivity in forests and its impact on climate change.
TSRI team gets new close-up view of key part of Ebola virus life cycle
A new study by TSRI researchers provides a higher-resolution view of the Ebola virus life cycle, revealing key vulnerabilities that can be targeted with antiviral therapeutics. The findings also shed light on how the virus assembles its genetic material, which is critical for understanding its structure-based design.
Laser spectroscopy: A novel microscope for nanosystems
Scientists developed a technique to enhance nanoparticle signals using an optical microcavity, achieving near fundamental diffraction limit resolution. This enables the study of individual nanoparticles' optical properties, promising potential breakthroughs in biology, chemistry, and nanoscience.
NASA's SDO sees mid-level solar flare
A mid-level solar flare was observed by NASA's SDO on June 25, 2015, reaching a magnitude of M7.9. The event has the potential to disturb the atmosphere, affecting GPS and communications signals.
Backward-moving glacier helps scientists explain glacial earthquakes
Researchers have discovered a new insight into glacier behavior, revealing the rapid movement of glaciers backward and downward during calving events. This phenomenon helps scientists measure glacier calving remotely and improve sea-level rise predictions.
Long-acting antipsychotic medication may improve treatment for schizophrenia
A UCLA study found that long-acting injectable risperidone significantly reduces symptoms of schizophrenia, especially in recently diagnosed patients. The medication showed better adherence and efficacy compared to daily oral pills, with only 5% experiencing symptom return within a year.
Alzheimer's disease works differently in patients with and without Down syndrome
Researchers discovered differences in brain inflammation between people with Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease alone. The study found higher levels of inflammatory markers M2b in Down syndrome-related Alzheimer's, highlighting the need for tailored treatments.
A tale of two whales
A new study provides the first detailed view of calling blue and fin whale distribution in Southern California, revealing a steady population trend for blue whales and an upward trend for fin whales. The research uses acoustic data collected from 2006-2012, indicating that fin whales are more likely to be detected further offshore.
Stanford researchers stretch a thin crystal to get better solar cells
Researchers at Stanford University have created an artificial crystal with a variable band gap using molybdenum disulfide, a material that can be stretched without breaking. This could lead to the development of more efficient solar cells that absorb energy from a broader spectrum of light.
The quantum spin Hall effect is a fundamental property of light
Researchers at RIKEN discovered that photons exhibit a quantum spin Hall effect, leading to unusual properties and topological phenomena. This finding has implications for the development of optical devices and materials science.
New report: Investments in neglected tropical diseases one of the best buys in development
A new report by Global Health Strategies highlights the dramatic health and economic benefits from investing in combating neglected tropical diseases. Countries are increasingly taking ownership of NTD programs, achieving substantial progress with innovative approaches. To reach WHO's 2020 targets, further scale-up is necessary.
Study finds a good appetizer could make your main course less enjoyable
A Drexel University study found that a high-quality appetizer can decrease the appreciation for a subsequent main dish. The researchers discovered this effect by comparing subjects' hedonic responses to pasta aglio e olio after consuming either a good or mediocre bruschetta appetizer.
Cancer drug makes fruit flies live longer
A UCL-led study has found that a small molecule drug, trametinib, can delay the ageing process in animals, including fruit flies. The treated fruit flies lived 12% longer than average, staying healthier for longer.
Brain scan can predict who responds best to certain treatment for OCD
A new UCLA study uses brain scans to identify patients with OCD who are more likely to relapse after cognitive-behavioral therapy. The research found that brain connectivity before treatment can predict worsening symptoms after treatment.
Optimizing shale gas production from well to wire
Northwestern University professor Fengqi You uses life-cycle analysis to make the production more environmentally and economically friendly. By restructuring the supply chain, he found that a network of pipelines can transport freshwater and shale gas, reducing trucks and exhaust emissions.
Electrical engineers break power and distance barriers for fiber optic communication
Electrical engineers have developed a method to increase the distance information can travel in fiber optic cables without distorting the signal. By using wideband frequency combs, they can predict and reversible crosstalk between communication channels, enabling longer transmission distances and cheaper networks.
Doctors and scientists call for divestment from fossil fuel companies
Leading doctors and academics call for divestment from fossil fuel companies, citing the need to prevent runaway climate change and unprecedented harm to global health. The authors argue that shareholder engagement is ineffective in switching dependence on fossil fuels with renewables.
Disconnect between doctors and patients on use of email and Facebook
A third of patients reported using email to contact their doctors, while 18% used Facebook for the same purpose. Patients aged 25-44 were most likely to use these tools, with a desire to fill prescriptions also evident.
SourceJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health·JournalJournal of General Internal Medicine·DateJun 25, 2015
Cancer and vampires: An evolutionary approach
Researchers have developed a new tool that uses phylogenetic profiling to identify genes associated with genetic diseases and cancer. This approach can be used to analyze genes within the same network as known disease-related genes, such as BRCA1, and predict their biological functions.
Online computer game can help shed weight and reduce food intake
A new online computer game has been shown to help people control their snacking impulses and lose weight, with participants losing an average of 0.7kg and consuming around 220 fewer calories a day. The game trains people to associate calorie-dense foods with 'stopping', reducing how much food they eat in laboratory tests.
New conductive ink for electronic apparel
University of Tokyo researchers created a single-step printing process to form highly conductive and stretchable connections on textiles. The ink, made of silver flakes, organic solvent, fluorine rubber, and fluorine surfactant, exhibited high conductivity even when stretched three times its original length.
Drug discovery for Parkinson's disease: LCSB researchers grow neurons in 3-D
Researchers at LCSB have successfully grown dopaminergic neurons in a three-dimensional cell culture system. The system models the natural conditions of the brain and is significantly cheaper than existing methods, allowing for the automation of drug testing.
India's abortion law puts women at risk and should be changed
India's abortion law is criticized for its arbitrary 20-week cut-off, compelling women to continue pregnancies against their wishes. This can lead to physical and mental trauma, unsafe abortions, and related maternal mortality.
Glasses that shine green light into the eyes could be the answer to insomnia
Researchers use light therapy glasses to trigger neurotransmitters and reset sleep cycles in lung cancer patients. Studies found that 50-80% of lung cancer patients experience severe insomnia, which can persist for eight years after diagnosis.
New breath test for pneumonia
A new approach to diagnose pneumonia in critically ill patients has been identified through a breath analysis method. The study found that chemically analyzing breath specimens can reveal bacterial infection in ventilated patients at risk of developing pneumonia, providing a potential game-changer for clinical practice.
Using NASA data to show how raindrops could save rupees
A study using NASA satellite data found that collecting rainwater for vegetable irrigation in India can reduce water bills by up to 4,522 rupees per year. This can provide a profit of between 1,548 and 3,261 rupees per year, boosting cost savings and increasing quality of life.
Most of America's poor have jobs, study finds
A new study by Brigham Young University researchers provides a rigorous estimate that about 10 percent of working households in the US are poor. Households led by women, minorities, or individuals with low education are more likely to be poor but still employed.
Synthetic biology used to engineer new route to biochemicals
Scientists designed a new biochemical pathway in E. coli that can efficiently produce isobutyl acetate from both glucose and acetate, increasing its yield to 75 percent. This breakthrough could have significant applications in biotechnology, particularly in the production of flavoring agents, solvents, and fuels.
Research matters
Kasturi Haldar and Grant McFadden emphasize the importance of basic research in their articles on PLOS Pathogens. They share their personal experiences and highlight how fundamental research can lead to breakthroughs in fields like malaria, cancer, and inflammatory diseases.
Writing program with student interaction creates sense of purpose for seniors
A NYU study found that a life review writing workshop combined with student interactions enhances the sense of purpose for older adults living independently. The program showed significant benefits in promoting well-being and reducing depressive symptoms among community-dwelling seniors.
Sandia's Z machine helps solve Saturn's 2-billion-year age problem
Scientists used Sandia's Z machine to verify the metallic phase of hydrogen, solving a long-standing discrepancy in Saturn's age. The experiment found that dense hydrogen can become atomic, releasing energy that could explain Saturn's temperature.
Fetuses more vulnerable to some environmental contaminants penetrating into cord blood
A new study found that certain pollutants penetrate further into the feto-maternal system, causing harm to fetuses. The research analyzed pollutant levels in cord blood and maternal tissues, revealing heavy metals like mercury and lead easily pass through the placental barrier.
Genetic discovery uncovers key tool for morphine production in poppies
Scientists at the University of York and GlaxoSmithKline Australia have made a groundbreaking genetic discovery in poppies that could lead to more effective painkillers. The discovery of the STORR gene provides new insight into how poppy plants produce morphine, a key step towards developing bespoke poppy varieties.
Commenters exposed to prejudiced comments more likely to display prejudice themselves
A study found that participants who were exposed to prejudiced comments posted by others showed an increase in their own levels of prejudice toward Asians. They also tended to post more prejudiced comments about Asians themselves. The researchers suggest that anti-prejudiced comments can have a beneficial impact in reducing racial bias.
European rule changes on cross border pet transport may heighten rabies risk
Recent changes to EU regulations have led to an increase in imported pets from Eastern Europe, where rabies is endemic, raising concerns about the effectiveness of current checks. The study found that many stray and rescue dogs had low antibody levels against rabies, suggesting potential risks for these animals.
Researchers uncover epigenetic switches that turn stem cells into blood vessel cells
The study identifies two enzymes, KDM4A and KDM4C, which alter gene expression in embryonic stem cells to direct their differentiation into endothelial cells. The enzymes work through epigenetic modifications, changing the activity of genes without altering DNA itself.
Development of new blood vessels not essential to growth of lymph node metastases
Researchers found that lymph node metastases do not require new blood vessels but instead use existing ones, providing a mechanism for resistance to angiogenic therapies. The study suggests alternative treatments may be needed for patients at risk of lymph node metastasis.
SourceMassachusetts General Hospital·JournalJNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute·DateJun 25, 2015
Wistar scientists pinpoint mutations responsible for ineffective 2014-2015 flu vaccine
Researchers at The Wistar Institute identified specific mutations in H3N2 viruses that made the 2014-2015 flu vaccine less effective. Antigenic drift, a phenomenon where viruses accumulate mutations to evade immune response, was found to be a key factor.
Solving the next step in the mystery of prions
University of Alberta scientists investigate physical principles underlying prion protein formation, with potential applications for diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Their recent discovery sheds light on microscopic mechanisms governing protein misfolding, offering a new step towards developing therapeutics.
A person's diet, acidity of urine may affect susceptibility to UTIs
Researchers found that urine samples with higher acidity actually hindered bacterial growth due to the presence of specific compounds called aromatics. On the other hand, samples with less acidity showed increased activity of siderocalin, a protein that deprives bacteria of iron.
Head Start program played anti-segregation role in the Deep South
The Head Start program empowered poor children and civil rights activists in Mississippi by including them in the administration of the programs. The program also taught black history and civil rights, providing an alternative to electoral power.
The silent partner in macromolecular crystals
Researchers have developed new approaches to estimate overall solvent content, model disordered bulk solvent, and identify distinct electron density of ordered solvent molecules in macromolecular crystals. Advanced models are needed to improve understanding of the protein-solvent interface region.
Study highlights 'important safety issue' with widely used MRI contrast agents
A study highlights a significant safety concern with linear gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs), which can lead to brain gadolinium deposits in patients. The researchers found that repeated use of these agents causes persistent MRI abnormalities and high total gadolinium concentrations in the deep brain, highlighting the need for ...
Helen DeVos Children's hospital prints first 3D heart using multiple imaging techniques
The hospital has successfully integrated two common imaging techniques to produce a three-dimensional anatomic model of a patient's heart. The technology combines computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with echocardiography, enabling more accurate diagnoses and treatment plans.
Medically complex patients with Type 2 diabetes could benefit from seeing a specialist soon
Research suggests that medically complex patients with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes who receive early endocrinologist care have lower risk of cardiovascular events. The study, which analyzed Ontario health data, found that these patients had a 10-20% lower risk of heart attack, stroke, and death from coronary heart disease.
Delivering drugs to the right place
Researchers developed targeted therapy using immunoglobulin-A antibodies to neutralize specific receptors in polycystic kidneys. The strategy enables repurposing of existing monoclonal antibodies for PKD therapy, opening up new class of therapeutics.
SourceUniversity of California - Santa Barbara·JournalJournal of Biological Chemistry·DateJun 25, 2015
Rettsyndrome.org announces new 2015 Translational Research Awards
Rettsyndrome.org announces new Translational Research Awards to tackle nonsense mutations in MECP2 gene, aiming to develop treatments for Rett syndrome. The awards include the Read-Through Program and Neuro-Habilitation grants, furthering research towards new pharmacologic treatments and improved clinical practices.
Infection preventionists may spend more time collecting data than protecting patients
A recent case study reveals that infection preventionists spend an average of five hours and eight minutes per day collecting and reporting hospital infection data, leaving little time for hands-on patient care. This finding highlights the need for adequate staffing and resources to ensure effective infection control practices.
A single mutation helped last year's flu virus gain an advantage over the vaccine
A single mutation in the H3N2 virus helped it evade the immune system's defenses, making last year's flu vaccine less effective. Researchers have identified this mutation as a key factor in the mismatch between the vaccine strain and circulating strains.
Tapping into electronic health records to improve care for patients with chronic kidney disease
Experts identified strategies for optimizing EHRs to better manage CKD patients, including standardizing data storage and accessibility. Well-designed EHRs can monitor patient conditions, facilitate collaboration among providers, and support patient self-management.
SourceAmerican Society of Nephrology·JournalClinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology·DateJun 25, 2015
Penn researchers identify stem-like progenitor cell that exclusively forms heart muscle
Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania have identified a stem-like progenitor cell, called cardiomyoblast, that produces only heart muscle cells. This discovery is expected to accelerate research into cardiac therapies and potentially lead to new treatments for heart damage.
Group calls for more transparency in science research, announces guidelines
The Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Committee has outlined new guidelines to strengthen transparency and reproducibility practices in science research. The guidelines aim to increase openness and confidence in findings by promoting the sharing of data, code, and research materials. By adopting these standards, researchers can...
Chimps are sensitive to what is right and wrong
A study found that chimpanzees are sensitive to behaviors towards infants and react emotionally to violations of social norms within their own group. They show a 'bystander effect' when an infant from another group is harmed, but not otherwise.
Waging war on Australia's nastiest parasite: scientists map blowfly genome
Researchers have identified over 14,000 genes in the blowfly genome, which can now be investigated for potential drug and vaccine targets. The discovery provides insights into the fly's molecular biology and its interactions with sheep, offering new avenues for combating the devastating flystrike disease.
Targeting nerve endings to curb allergic asthma
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital develop a new treatment strategy targeting nerve endings to combat allergic asthma. By selectively silencing sensory neurons called nociceptors, the approach reduces inflammation and bronchial twitchiness in mouse models of acute and chronic asthma.
Songbirds have a thing for patterns
Researchers found that songbirds rely on patterns in much the same way as people do when learning to recognize and categorize speech sounds. By training starlings to differentiate between complex auditory patterns, the study showed that birds can learn to categorize motifs into meaningful categories.
Corals are already adapting to global warming, scientists say
Scientists discover corals are already adapting to global warming through genetic variants that allow them to tolerate warmer waters. By exchanging coral immigrants, humans can help spread these heat-tolerant genes and boost reef survival.
NASA technology protects Webb telescope from contamination
NASA has developed a new technology to protect the James Webb Space Telescope from contamination, using Molecular Adsorber Coating (MAC) panels. The MAC panels capture outgassed molecular contaminants in the vacuum chamber, preventing them from affecting sensitive instrument components.
New drug squashes cancer's last-ditch efforts to survive
Scientists at Salk Institute and Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute have developed a drug that inhibits the first step of autophagy, a process used by cancer cells to recycle nutrients. This breakthrough opens new avenues for treating resistant cancers.
Low scores on memory and thinking tests may signal Alzheimer's earlier than thought
A new study found that errors on memory and thinking tests may signal Alzheimer's disease up to 13-18 years before the disease can be diagnosed. Those who scored lower overall had an increased risk of developing the disease, with higher scores associated with a lower risk.
Future Science Group showcases UK Parkinson's Excellence Network
The UK Parkinson's Excellence Network is a multi-disciplinary effort bringing together patients, healthcare professionals, and social care experts to develop patient-centered care. The network aims to improve treatment and raise awareness of the need for better care, with a focus on education and service development.
IU research: A microRNA may provide therapy against pancreatic cancer
Indiana University researchers found that restoring missing microRNA-29 in pancreatic cancer stromal cells reduced the viability and growth of cancerous cells. The study suggests that miR-29 could be a potent therapeutic agent against pancreatic cancer by targeting reactive tumor stroma.
Want to be seen as more loving and a better cook?
A recent Cornell Food & Brand Lab study found that serving vegetables at dinner increases the perception of being a better cook and a more loving parent. Serving veggies even if not liked can make the meal tastier, according to lead author Brian Wansink.
Women in developed world still face many barriers to early abortion
Despite fewer legal barriers, women in developed countries still face significant inequities in abortion access due to inadequate service provision, moral opposition, and inadequate training. The review suggests improving access by increasing training, boosting service options, and making services more affordable or free.
Tracking the genetic arms race between humans and mosquitoes
Researchers found that up to 20% of a mosquito population's genome is subject to evolutionary pressures, leading to local adaptation and potential resistance to pesticides. The study provides insights into the contemporary evolution of mosquitoes and informs strategies to control populations.
Experimental treatment sends deadly leukemia into remission
A small pilot study found an experimental treatment approach can send deadly leukemia into remission in patients who have failed standard therapy. The combination of immunotherapy and gene manipulation buys critical time for patients to receive a potentially life-saving stem cell transplant.
Fructose produces less rewarding sensations in the brain
A study by University of Basel researchers found that fructose stimulates the reward system in the brain to a lesser degree than glucose, leading to increased satiety hormone levels and reduced feelings of fullness. This may contribute to the development of various disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease.
University of Kentucky researcher to develop artificial blood for mosquitoes
A University of Kentucky researcher is developing an artificial blood technology for mosquitoes, which can help sustain colonies in resource-limited areas and combat diseases like malaria. The approach involves sterilizing mosquitoes using a bacterium and has already shown promising results in controlling Asian tiger mosquito populations.
Glacial quakes may serve as indicators of glacier disruption
Researchers monitored Helheim Glacier for 55 days and detected 10 large-scale calving events, revealing unique quakes registering magnitude five on the Richter Scale. These glacial earthquakes can serve as proxies for glacier edge breaking, offering insights into ice loss from glaciers.
Top scientists call for improved incentives to ensure research integrity
Researchers from top institutions emphasize the need for high-quality science by addressing issues such as replication problems, researcher misconduct, and sensationalism. They propose solutions like rewarding quality work, mentoring peer-reviewers, and voluntary withdrawal of flawed papers.
Digital messages on vehicle windshields make driving less safe
A University of Toronto study found that augmented-reality displays on windshields can reduce driving accuracy and increase the risk of accidents. Drivers must divide their attention between road conditions and digital warnings, leading to slower reaction times and missed warnings.
New study: Tart cherry juice reduced post-race respiratory tract symptoms after a marathon
A new pilot study found that Montmorency tart cherry juice reduced upper respiratory tract symptoms in marathon runners. The study also showed lower markers for inflammation compared to a placebo group. This research provides encouraging evidence of the potential role of tart cherries in reducing exercise-induced respiratory problems.
SourceWeber Shandwick Worldwide·JournalJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition·DateJun 25, 2015
INFORMS journal study: Learning early about late flights
A new INFORMS journal study provides more predictable ways to manage arrival traffic at airports with adverse weather. The research reveals that knowing early about late flights reduces the cost of Ground Delay Programs (GDPs) for flight operators, with a 13% reduction in delays observed.
SourceInstitute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences·JournalTransportation Science·DateJun 25, 2015
Heat-tolerant genes may rescue corals from increasing temperatures
A new study reveals that heat-tolerant corals can pass on their tolerance genes to their offspring, potentially helping reefs adapt to global warming. The research found that coral larvae from hotter regions were more likely to survive in warmer conditions than those from cooler regions.
Exercising early in life yields rewards in adult years
Researchers found that early-age exercise in mice had positive effects on adult levels of voluntary exercise, including a reduction in body mass. The study suggests that early-life exercise may increase the likelihood of adults engaging in regular physical activity.
Past water patterns drive present wading bird numbers
A new study by the U.S. Geological Survey and Florida Atlantic University reveals that past water conditions and availability are crucial factors affecting wading bird populations in the Everglades. The research found a 'lag effect' where wet conditions can take several years to impact bird numbers.
Chloroplast tubes play a key role in plants' immune defense
Researchers at UC Davis and the University of Delaware discovered that chloroplast tubes play a key role in plants' immune defense. The discovery reveals how chloroplasts deliver signals to the nucleus, inducing programmed cell death and preparing other cells to resist infection.
As siblings learn how to resolve conflict, parents pick up a few tips of their own
A five-session intervention teaches social and emotional competencies to reduce sibling conflict. Moms report improved emotion regulation after watching sessions and coaching their kids. Fathers also show reduced negative emotions when children's conflicts decrease.
SourceUniversity of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences·JournalJournal of Family Psychology·DateJun 25, 2015
Pilot program in pediatric long-term care facility halves topical antibiotic use
A pilot program at a pediatric long-term care facility achieved significant reductions in antibiotic use, with a 59% decrease in topical antibiotics and an 83% decrease in orders without proper documentation. The program improved antibiotic prescribing practices through increased staff support and electronic medical record system changes.
Smoother signals sent through optical fibers
Researchers discovered a way to suppress nonlinear distortions in optical fibers, eliminating signal regeneration needs. This breakthrough enables more bandwidth availability and increased data transmission.
Earth's daily rotation period encoded in an atomic-level protein structure
Researchers found that the KaiC protein encodes the Earth's 24-hour rotation period at an atomic level. The protein's structure and reactivity regulate molecular rhythms, which could lead to new therapies for circadian rhythm disorders.
Computer simulation predicts development, progress of pressure sores
A computational model predicts the development and progression of pressure ulcers in spinal cord injury patients. The model validated by virtual clinical trials shows that anti-inflammatory measures must be applied early to prevent ulcer formation.
SourceUniversity of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences·JournalPLOS Computational Biology·DateJun 25, 2015
Are your emotional responses normal or abnormal?
Researchers argue that current diagnosis methods for depression are flawed and that understanding 'normal' emotional responses can help inform clinical practice. Increased interaction between fundamental emotion research and practitioner training is necessary to ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment of emotional disorders.
Targeted nanoparticles can overcome drug resistance in trypanosomes
Researchers developed targeted nanoparticles that deliver existing drugs directly into parasite cells, reducing the curative dose by 100-fold and circumventing drug resistance. This high-tech approach has the potential to reverse resistance to many first-line treatments for infectious diseases.
UNC researchers develop innovative gene transfer-based treatment approach
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine have developed an experimental gene transfer-based treatment to deliver a missing gene into the cerebrospinal fluid of children with GAN. The treatment approach uses a genetically modified virus to deliver the gigaxonin gene, which is expected to pave the way for treatments for other related diseases.
The Lancet: New rapid diagnostic test for Ebola could be game changer in the fight against the disease
A new point-of-care EVD test has been shown to be faster and as sensitive as a conventional laboratory-based method, detecting the virus in just a small drop of blood. The rapid diagnostic test could help identify case contacts and ultimately curb Ebola's spread by quickly confirming or ruling out cases.