Researchers found that genetic mutations accepted by evolution are contingent upon previous mutations, making predictions of long-term evolution challenging. The study also revealed that mutations become entrenched and increasingly difficult to revert over time, supporting the idea that evolution is unpredictable and irreversible.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital found that lixisenatide did not increase risk of cardiovascular events in a large, double-blind trial involving over 6,000 type 2 diabetes patients. The study's results provide reassurance for healthcare providers about the cardiovascular safety of this widely prescribed glucose-lowering drug.
A new study published in Journal of Clinical Oncology finds that early palliative care consultation within six days of hospitalization reduces hospital costs by $1,312 compared to traditional care. Early provision also leads to a 14% reduction in hospital stay cost.
A new study suggests that EU forests have the potential to supply significantly more woody biomass than currently used, but this comes with trade-offs for biodiversity and other ecosystem services. The findings highlight the need for careful planning to balance wood production with protection of biodiversity.
Boosting a naturally occurring molecule in the body can help protect against obesity-related diseases by reducing inflammation in fat tissues. The study found significant disease improvement, primarily affecting fat tissue, and demonstrated the potential of fundamental research to reduce inflammation.
Researchers found that faster-evolving viruses like H3N2 spread globally rapidly but die out quickly between epidemics, while slower-evolving viruses like H1N1 and B viruses circulate continuously worldwide. The study also highlights the crucial role of India in the global spread of seasonal influenza viruses.
The California Academy of Sciences has made over 100 new marine discoveries in the Philippines, showcasing the country's remarkable biodiversity. The expedition focused on the Verde Island Passage, where scientists collected rare and colorful sea slugs, barnacles, and heart urchins.
Research from Brigham and Women's Hospital found that stricter driver licensing laws in Massachusetts led to a 40% reduction in fatal crashes among 16-17 year old drivers. Police-reported crashes decreased by 19%, with nighttime crashes dropping by 29%.
The hybrid scanner combines conventional MRI, hyperpolarized MRI, positron imaging, luminescence imaging, and fluorescence microscopy to provide high-resolution multimodal intra-vital imaging. This allows researchers to study tumor biology and develop targeted therapies by analyzing the co-registration of multiple imaging data lines.
A new tool reveals that people with a high bias blind spot are less accurate at evaluating their abilities relative to others and tend to ignore expert advice, ultimately affecting decision-making quality.
Kevin Morano, a microbiologist at UTHealth, has been recognized for his exceptional teaching skills by the Minnie Stevens Piper Foundation. He is one of 10 Piper Professors for 2015 and will receive a $5,000 award.
Researchers have developed a new microscope technique using holographic images and machine-learning software to identify bacterial species at the single bacterium level. The approach has shown high accuracy in distinguishing between pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria, promising to reduce treatment time and improve patient outcomes.
A recent study published in SLEEP found that children with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) have impaired emotional, physical, and social functioning due to poorer sleep quality. The study also revealed that children with TBI experience greater daytime sleepiness compared to healthy children.
In Alberta, six active fires larger than 2500 hectares have been detected, with the largest fire at 10,000 hectares near Wood Buffalo National Park. In Saskatchewan, 47 active wildfires are burning, including one out of control at 4,678 hectares near Buffalo Narrows.
A new tool can accurately predict the risk of death for patients within 1 year after hospital admission, using routinely collected data. The Hospital-patient One-year Mortality Risk (HOMR) model takes into consideration patient characteristics such as age, sex, and number of illnesses.
Scientists detected a distinct accumulation of mutations at sites where CTCF and cohesin bind DNA, protecting these sites from mutations. The study's findings reveal new insights into the regulation of gene expression and chromatin structure in cancer.
Scientists have developed a new type of sensor using a composite material that interacts with CO2 molecules, changing its conductivity depending on the concentration. The sensor can measure CO2 concentrations over a wide range without requiring high temperatures or energy.
Researchers have developed a cloud-based software that analyzes and standardizes PET imaging data, allowing for earlier and more accurate diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease. The program uses machine learning to compare patients' scans with normal and abnormal scans, providing consistent results and quantifying PET data accurately.
A new study published in AIDS found that homophobia reduces the use of HIV prevention services and compromises health service quality among gay and bisexual men. Men living in homophobic countries are also at a heightened risk of disease, despite limited access to prevention services.
A new technique combines dynamic PET imaging with parametric tumor mapping to detect tumors and metastases throughout the body, providing quantitative evaluation and improved contrast. This method has the potential to be used for early diagnosis and more accurate prognosis of various cancers.
Researchers have found that administering antibiotics for only four days is as effective as treatments spanning eight days for complicated abdominal infections. This breakthrough suggests that doctors can provide treatment that is both effective and conservative in its antibiotic use, reducing the risk of antibiotic resistance.
Researchers from the University of the Basque Country have identified key volatile compounds in damaged walnuts that attract insect pests, threatening California's walnut harvests. The team has developed a blend of these aromatic compounds to control pests sustainably and reduce pesticide use.
The new cobalt-catalyzed [2π+2π] reaction overcomes limitations of other transition metal catalyzed methods, producing cyclobutane compounds with potentially beneficial properties. The research team used redox active bis(imino)pyridine ligands to pass electrons to and from the metal, leading to a detailed understanding of the mechanism.
A study by Adrian Bejan at Duke University reveals that the ideal fire shape is roughly as tall as it is wide, facilitating efficient air and heat flow. This design enables humans to migrate and spread across the globe, a direct prediction of the Constructal Law.
Researchers have developed an efficient method to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 system using electroporation, increasing genome editing speed and throughput in laboratory mice. This technique enables the creation of mouse models of human diseases with unprecedented efficiency and precision.
Studies by Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute found that poorly controlled blood sugar levels result in significantly longer and more expensive hospital stays. Care teams focused on managing diabetes during hospitalization can improve patient outcomes and reduce costs.
Researchers identified a cellular mechanism that can be targeted to treat ALS by increasing levels of protein hUPF1, which successfully protected against cell death in both genetic and sporadic versions of the disease. Treating this pathway may also have implications for frontotemporal dementia.
Researchers found that individuals at risk of hoarding disorder scored higher on surveys measuring sleep habits and quality, suggesting a link between poor sleep and hoarding tendencies. The study highlights the importance of addressing sleep issues in individuals with hoarding behaviors to mitigate cognitive and mental health risks.
Researchers developed a method for fabricating nano-scale electronic scaffolds that can be injected via syringe, monitoring neural activity, stimulating tissues and promoting neuron regeneration. The technology has the potential to revolutionize the interface between electronics and biology.
Researchers used PET/CT with Ga-68 DOTATOC to detect primary tumors in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine cancer. The study found that 28% of patients underwent a major change in cancer management due to the imaging technique.
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based treatment for chronic insomnia that addresses the underlying causes of insomnia. Studies have shown that CBT improves sleep quality by reducing time spent awake after falling asleep, increasing sleep efficiency, and helping patients enter REM sleep faster.
Researchers found that boys with autism exhibit higher levels of stereotyped behaviors and cognitive difficulties than girls, but these sex differences also appear in children without ASD. The study suggests naturally occurring sex differences in all children may contribute to the observed sex differences in autism.
A new research published in Journal of Clinical Oncology shows that early palliative care intervention results in significant cost reductions for patients with advanced cancer. The study found that an intervention within six days reduced costs by 14% and an intervention within two days led to a 24% reduction in hospital stay costs.
KU Leuven researchers create sustainable process to convert wood waste lignin into chemical building blocks for various products. The resulting chemicals can be used in paint, insulation foam, and several other applications.
Researchers found minimal variation in weathering rates of silicate rocks between glacial and interglacial periods, contradicting expectations. The study used a geochemical technique to analyze beryllium isotopes in marine sediments, revealing stable runoff and weathering fluxes into the oceans.
Researchers at Georgia State University found that chimpanzees can adjust their behavior based on confidence in their responses to memory tests. The study suggests that chimpanzees share with humans the capacity for metacognitive monitoring, which reflects a form of cognitive control underlying intelligent decision-making across species.
Research shows amyloid PET scans improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes for Alzheimer's patients, especially when used after an indeterminate FDG-PET scan. The study found that 17% of patients who received an amyloid scan experienced statistically significant improvements in cognition over a two-year follow-up.
Researchers found that inherent nervous system delays can enable individuals to anticipate others' movements, challenging traditional views. The study used a feedback delay to improve coordination between unpredictable movements, with promising implications for robotics and artificial systems.
Researchers use ALMA to image massive galaxy SDP.81, located 11.7 billion light-years away, and reveal its inner structure, including giant molecular clouds and supermassive black hole at center of foreground galaxy.
A large study of nearly one million patients found that statin drugs do not likely cause short-term memory loss. Statins have been reported to cause memory lapses by some users, leading to their cessation, but the study suggests this is due to detection bias rather than a true effect of the drug.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 90 studies found residents of modern homes were 47% less likely to be infected with malaria than those living in traditional houses. Modern housing features, such as closed eaves, ceilings, screened doors and windows, can block mosquitoes from entering homes and prevent transmission of the disease.
Researchers at Uppsala University have made significant progress in using stem cells to treat spinal cord injuries. Human stem cells transplanted into injured mice restored damaged sensory nerve connections, enabling long-term recovery of sensory functions.
The concentrations of Dechlorane Plus were found to decrease with increasing distance from the plant, with anti-DP being the predominant isomer. The results suggest that DP production activities release DP to the environment around the plant.
Researchers have discovered a set of neurons in the medial temporal lobe that is indicative of an individual's confidence level in their memories. The study found that the activity of these neurons, known as familiarity and novelty neurons, is proportional to confidence, suggesting that they play a key role in assessing memory quality.
A new method developed by Disney Research Pittsburgh and Boston University can recognize actions in videos more accurately than previous methods. The algorithm represents actions as space-time patterns, allowing it to account for variations in execution.
A study led by Argonne National Laboratory emphasizes the significance of land management practices in retaining carbon, especially under cellulosic biofuel production scenarios. Effective management can increase soil organic carbon storage by up to 2.6% when 90% of harvest residue is returned.
Children and teens with Down syndrome are at higher risk for behavioral medications, study finds. The odds of being on a stimulant increased with age, while antidepressant use rose with age, suggesting changing mental health needs over time.
A novel deformation monitoring method using bistatic differential interferometry GNSS as illuminators offers high accuracy, low cost, and real-time subsidence monitoring for high-speed railway roadbed. The system combines DGNSS and D-In-SAR techniques to achieve better than 1mm real-time accuracy.
A new Cornell University study suggests that emphasizing the positive when it comes to nutrition education leads to healthier food choices. The study found that policies framed positively, supporting choice, are more effective than those with limitations.
Researchers developed PSMA-617, a theranostic drug that detects prostate cancer and targets enzyme on cancer cells. The technology shows substantial reduction in radiotracer uptake and significant decrease in PSMA in blood after therapy, indicating positive response.
Vanderbilt University has been awarded a Grand Challenges Explorations Grant to develop a wearable insect-repellent device that creates a personal no-fly zone. The device aims to prevent mosquito-borne diseases by emitting a protective shield around the wearer.
Researchers investigate CERN's physicality and cultural heritage, highlighting the site's extraordinary significance in scientific terms and its everyday objects, buildings, and ideas. The study chronicles an intense history, including the Higgs Boson's discovery and Sir Tim Berners-Lee's creation of the World Wide Web.
A recent study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health reveals that 50 US hospitals are charging out-of-network patients and the uninsured up to 1,000% more than their actual costs. This price gouging is leading to financial burdens on vulnerable populations and driving up overall health spending.
A portable ultrasound device has been developed to diagnose bacterial meningitis in babies, replacing painful and time-consuming lumbar punctures. The device uses high-resolution imaging and algorithms to detect cellularity in cerebrospinal fluid, indicating infection within seconds.
Astrocytes play a crucial role in maintaining healthy vascular tone by releasing signals to dilate or constrict blood vessels as needed. This basal control helps regulate blood flow and prevent damage from excessive pressure or calcium levels.
Dr. Eranda Nikolla receives $750,000 grant to develop efficient catalysts for oxygen evolution in energy generation and storage
The study found a significant association between birth month and disease risk, with people born in May having the lowest risk of disease and those born in October having the highest. The researchers identified nine types of heart disease that correlated with seasonal effects, including atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure.
Researchers at Brown University are developing a new algorithm to assist robots in planning their actions in complex environments. The algorithm uses goal-based action priors, which can be learned by the robot through trial and error or supplied by an expert operator.
Scientists from Lehigh University, Japan and Canada demonstrate the 'world's first fully functioning single crystal waveguide in glass' for all-optical data transmission. The breakthrough enables compact and multifunctional photonic integrated circuits with high density of components and opportunities for new technologies.
A new study suggests that cell fusion can initiate cancerous processes and tumor formation through 'genomic catastrophe', leading to chromosomal instability and DNA damage. Fused cells from rat intestinal epithelial cells formed tumors in immunodeficient mice, providing evidence for a molecular mechanism driving neoplastic transformation.