The brain uses the sharper image from the less aberrated eye as a reference point to compensate for optical differences between the eyes. This neural mechanism is important for understanding refractive errors and developing effective treatments like monovision for presbyopia.
Research identified seven compounds that block key pain signals to the brain, offering hope for new painkillers. The compounds show high levels of stability and potency, making them promising candidates for treating chronic pain.
Researchers found altered opioid neurotransmission in obese individuals, with reduced opioid receptors in the brain. The study provides new insights into the mechanisms of overeating and obesity, but its findings do not indicate whether the changes are a cause or consequence of obesity.
Recent articles in JBJS publications examine the relationship between bisphosphonates and atypical femoral fractures. Prodromal thigh pain, radiolucent lines on X-rays, and prolonged bisphosphonate use are indicators of an impending fracture. Conservative management with discontinuation and weight-bearing is recommended.
Researchers developed a robot-based writing tool called CoWriter that helps children improve their handwriting and writing skills. The program uses learning by teaching, a recognized principle in pedagogy, and has been tested with over 70 students aged 6-8 years old.
Research suggests chronic exposure to air pollution increases the risk of stroke by causing fatty substances to build up in the neck arteries. The study found those living in areas with high levels of fine particulate matter had a 24% greater risk of carotid artery stenosis compared to those in cleaner areas.
A study published in The New England Journal of Medicine found that adding goserelin to chemotherapy regimens can significantly reduce the risk of early menopause and improve fertility in young breast cancer patients. Women who took goserelin had a higher pregnancy rate and were more likely to deliver healthy babies.
Scientists have discovered a new way to manipulate how cells function, improving the efficiency of DNA vaccines and gene therapy. The new method boosts protein production by up to 20 times, potentially leading to stronger immune responses and reduced side effects.
A recent study published in the Lancet found that babies with severely restricted growth in the womb who were monitored using late ductus venosus changes had better neurodevelopmental outcomes than those who were monitored using other techniques. The researchers recommend that these babies should be supervised in specialist centers whe...
Researchers recommend supporting entrepreneurship, infrastructure development and diaspora engagement to help Somalia's economy grow. The US government is urged to provide venture capital, improve relations between returnees and locals, and invest in roads, health clinics, and water sanitation systems.
New research confirms GDNF is not necessary for maintaining dopamine neurons, contradicting previous findings. The absence of GDNF in mice did not cause significant damage to the midbrain dopamine system or trigger motor disorders.
Researchers discovered a genetic variation, STK11 SNP, significantly increasing the risk of developing multiple sclerosis in women. The study involved three sisters among five siblings with MS and found the variant to be prevalent in 7% of the general population.
A comprehensive health program with personalized coaching on exercise, nutrition, stress, and sleep helped people with prediabetes reverse their condition and improve overall health. Participants showed significant improvements in blood glucose levels, blood pressure, and other key risk factors.
A new study published in Neurology reveals that only up to 63% of the US population has access to a comprehensive stroke center within an hour, even under optimal conditions. Conversion of primary stroke centers to comprehensive ones could improve access for 23% more people.
Researchers found that bigmouth sleepers adapt by changing their behaviors, sex ratio, and physical appearance to survive on insects, snails, and crustaceans when isolated from their normal prey. The study suggests that evolution may be occurring in a predictable way, with the ability to anticipate ecological changes.
A recent study found that devoted fans can contribute to the decline of their favorite TV shows through practices such as reframing, remixing, and rejecting elements introduced by producers. These actions can lead to a loss of audience and trigger other processes that result in brand demise.
A new study suggests that realistic consumers who create budgets are more successful in prioritizing their spending and managing finances. Consumers who budget beforehand tend to report fewer dysfunctional behaviors such as overspending and impulsive shopping.
A new Duke University study estimates that a gallon of gasoline costs around $3.80 more than the pump price when health and environment are factored in. The social cost of diesel is about $4.80 more, while natural gas becomes cheaper than its initial price. Solar and wind power also become cheaper.
A team of astronomers has found that galactic 'rain' may be the key to understanding why some galaxies are more productive at creating stars than others. The researchers analyzed X-rays from over 200 galaxy clusters using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and discovered that massive black holes can slow down gas that helps form stars.
Researchers at Yerkes National Primate Research Center have shown that inducing oxytocin release can activate the social brain and create bonds. A new drug candidate has been identified to stimulate oxytocin cells, leading to enhanced attention to and learning from social information in people with social disorders.
Researchers have discovered a network of viruses that pose a threat to multiple species of bumblebees and managed honeybees, highlighting the urgent need for disease management strategies. The study found five viruses, including deformed wing virus, in wild bees across Great Britain.
A new study suggests that exercise training can reduce the risk of premature death in elderly individuals. The Norwegian University of Science and Technology study found that high-intensity training and moderate intensity training both showed promising results in improving fitness levels and reducing mortality rates.
Researchers found that paroxetine, a commonly prescribed antidepressant, restored heart function in mice with heart failure by inhibiting the GRK2 enzyme. The study's findings suggest that physicians may consider prescribing paroxetine to heart failure patients with clinical depression to improve their heart function.
This groundbreaking research sheds light on the complex origins of drug policies that have inspired murderous violence in Mexico and the US. By examining the history of drugs in Latin America, researchers offer new perspectives on how societies have dealt with drugs and their cultural significance.
A study from UT Southwestern Medical Center found that a single elevated random blood glucose value is a strong risk factor for diabetes. Individuals with values above 100 mg/dL were up to 30 times more likely to have undiagnosed diabetes, highlighting the importance of considering these often-overlooked values.
Scientists have developed a new mechanism for engineering traits governed by multiple genes, paving the way for personalized gene therapies and regenerative medicine. The approach uses the Cas9 protein to activate specific genes, allowing for precise control over multiple genes and potentially treating diseases.
Engineers at UT Dallas have created a semiconductor technology that can detect electromagnetic waves to create images at nearly 10 terahertz, making night vision and heat-based imaging more accessible. This breakthrough could enable various applications such as animal tracking, intruder detection, and building inspection.
Breeding dogs solely based on DNA tests can increase inbreeding and reduce genetic diversity, experts warn. A combined approach of DNA analysis, health screening, and pedigree information is necessary to minimize inherited diseases and improve the health of pedigree lines.
Researchers used next-generation sequencing and Bio-Rad's Droplet Digital PCR technology to accurately count diverse copy number states of multiallelic copy number variations (mCNVs) in humans. The study found that mCNVs are responsible for nearly 90% of observed differences in gene copy number, contributing substantially to gene expre...
A massive study reveals life has been expanding at a constant rate, with new species emerging every 2 million years on average. The 'Time Tree of Life' challenges the traditional notion that adaptation drives speciation, instead highlighting the importance of random genetic events and geographic isolation.
Physicists at TUM and University of Cologne develop theoretical description of behavior for magnetic vortices in conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. The theory predicts properties for optimal device development, promising compact frequency devices with high efficiency.
Scientists at China University of Petroleum and Liaoning University of Technology studied mosquito legs to understand their unique adaptation to float on water. They found that the tarsus's buoyant horizontal contact with the surface generates an upward force twenty times the insect's body weight.
A new study reveals high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among war-afflicted teenagers in Northern Uganda, with former child soldiers showing the highest rates. The study suggests that psychological support should be offered through the education system to all young people in the region.
Researchers discovered a plant immunosensor that detects lipopolysaccharide, a substance occurring in pathogenic bacteria. The LipoOligosaccharide-specific Reduced Elicitation (LORE) protein initiates an immune response in plants, similar to the toll-like receptor 4 in mammals.
The study found that 31 states have implemented prior authorization policies for atypical antipsychotic prescribing to children, mostly within the past 5 years. Most states apply these policies to children younger than 5, 6, or 7 years of age.
A UC Santa Barbara study finds that people systematically discount the competence of female entrepreneurs and investment-worthiness of their enterprises, but innovation mitigates this bias. Women-led businesses pitched innovative ideas are rated more competent and worthy of investment than non-innovative counterparts.
The EJOLT project has re-launched the Global Atlas of Environmental Justice with a new platform that integrates geo-spatial data to present conflicts in context. The updated website expands its coverage, featuring almost 1400 cases of environmental conflicts across all continents.
A University of Texas at Arlington researcher has been awarded a $220,000 Caltrans project to analyze and evaluate California's bridge foundations for safety and compliance with federal AASHTO standards. The research will also consider external factors such as vehicle load, weight, speed, and earthquakes.
A study published in JAMA Network found that premedication with lorazepam did not improve patient satisfaction after surgery, but was associated with longer extubation times and lower cognitive recovery rates. The researchers suggest a lack of benefit for routine use of sedatives as pre-medication.
Researchers investigated a potential link between new weight-loss drugs and increased colon cancer risk, driven by the intestinal growth factor properties of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). The study suggests that patients with a previous history or increased risk of colon cancer may not be ideally suited for these therapies.
A recent ATS membership survey found that 89% of respondents believe climate change is happening, while 68% attribute its causes to human activity. The survey also reported adverse health effects such as worsening asthma and increased cases of acute and chronic lung conditions due to climate change.
A study published in Cell Metabolism reveals that a high-salt diet can increase sodium accumulation in the skin, boosting the immune response to skin-infecting parasites. This finding suggests that dietary salt may have therapeutic potential in promoting host defense against microbial infections.
Researchers from UGR have set limits to the properties of axions, which aspire to be identified as dark matter. The study uses numerical simulations of stellar evolution and suggests that axion emission can significantly affect the timing of helium burning in stars.
A new study by St. Michael's Hospital found that homeless individuals with mental illness who received rent supplement support and intensive case management had significantly higher rates of stable housing (62.7-77%) compared to those receiving standard care (23.6-38.8%). The Housing First program resulted in a net cost offset of $4,84...
Researchers have discovered a mechanism for generating glass spherules through the combination of lightning and volcanic ash. The study, published in Geology, reveals that high heat generated by lightning discharge can transform volcanic ash particles into spheres of glass, forming fulgurites in geologic deposits.
A new study by the American Heart Association found that children being physically active with friends may accomplish more than hearing encouragement from family members. Friends getting involved significantly lowers perceived barriers to physical activity.
Researchers study ionosphere irregularities to improve GPS communications and investigate nutrient upwelling in the Salish Sea. The study reveals that estuary-enhanced upwelling in the Strait of Juan de Fuca is a critical source of nitrogen, driving enhanced upwelling and influencing marine life.
A recent NUS study found that online news articles about climate change and charismatic mammals are more likely to be shared or liked on Facebook and Twitter. Conservation researchers highlight the importance of engaging with the general public through effective online content delivery.
A study by the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna found Listeria monocytogenes in 2% of lavatory samples, highest at park facilities and mobile container lavatories. Shoes with deeper treads show higher prevalence rates.
A study published in Molecular Biology and Evolution identifies a key set of nucleotide variants in the AS3MT gene, which are associated with increased resistance to arsenic. These protective variants were found at higher frequencies in Andean women, who have been exposed to high levels of arsenic for thousands of years.
Scientists have found a method to electrically read out the orientation of magnetic vortices in nanodisks using characteristic microwaves. This knowledge could be used in novel memory technology and wireless data transmission.
Researchers at the University of Strathclyde and Pittsburgh created a 'ring geometry' form using polaritons, resulting in a highly specialized half-vortex rotation. This achievement marks a significant step towards the development of new quantum technologies.
The Advanced Laser Light Source at INRS has received significant funding to advance its mission as an international center of excellence in ultrafast science. With this new investment, the facility will continue to explore fundamental questions in physics and chemistry through high-quality light sources.
Researchers used a rat model to map the brain's communication between nerve cells as they learned to make decisions based on specific sounds. The study found that training rats to associate low frequency tones with food strengthened synaptic connections in the striatum, leading to improved performance.
A new analysis provides insights into penile size measurements across all ages and races. The findings reveal that the average flaccid penis length is 9.16 cm and the average erect penis length is 13.12 cm, with a small correlation between erect length and height.
The NIH has awarded a $2.4 million grant to investigate how synaptic vesicle activity modulates auditory information transfer and impacts sound perception. Dr. Samuel Young's lab aims to uncover new cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in early stages of hearing.
A global review of health issues highlights the UK's National Health Service (NHS) reduced spending on low-value procedures, while sub-Saharan Africans rate their health among the lowest in the world. The study also suggests that US cancer care may provide less value compared to Western Europe.
Theoretical chemists generate maximally random, jammed states using a computer algorithm, revealing new insights into the nature of randomness. These findings have implications for materials science and photonics, where randomly dispersed patterns can create unique properties.
Two NREL reports analyze the economic options for financing commercial and residential solar energy systems. Analyzing banking opportunities in the US distributed photovoltaic market and examining commercial retailers' decisions on PV-financing strategies, the reports found that businesses can save up to 30% by using low-cost financing...
Scientists from Scripps Research Institute found a mechanism causing long-term memory loss due to age by identifying connectivity defects between neurons, preventing the formation of long-term memories. This discovery could lead to ways of rebuilding those connections to improve memory.