Researchers used asteroseismology to probe magnetic fields in the cores of red giants, finding them strongly magnetized. The strong fields disrupt gravity waves, causing energy loss and affecting star evolution.
New findings reveal how betel nut's psychoactive chemical works in the brain, suggesting an addiction treatment may already exist. Researchers found that the active ingredient, arecoline, acts on the same receptor proteins as nicotine, raising the possibility of using existing anti-smoking drugs to treat betel nut addiction.
Researchers found no association between cesarean delivery and lower at-birth fracture rates in infants with osteogenesis imperfecta. The study, involving 540 patients, used large sample size to evaluate multiple covariates, revealing no differences in fracture rates based on delivery method.
A type of bacteria, Thiomicrospira crunogena, produces an enzyme, carbonic anhydrase, that can convert industrial carbon dioxide into bicarbonate. The enzyme has high thermal stability and could be used in industrial settings to neutralize greenhouse gases.
Researchers at POSTECH developed a virtual K-pop dance teacher using precise 3D body joint tracking, allowing for accurate evaluation of dance movements. The system can track 15 human joints and monitor similarity to professional dancer movements, providing a score-based monitoring method.
Researchers at McGill University Health Centre uncover mechanism behind Leishmania parasite's infectious life cycle, revealing exosomes play key role in boosting infection. The study provides potential vaccine targets and diagnostic tools for Leishmania and other parasitic diseases.
Researchers will use advanced monitoring technology to examine behavioral, psychosocial and environmental predictors of weight loss after bariatric surgery. The study aims to improve behavioral guidelines and increase weight loss after bariatric surgery.
A gene editing technique has been developed to increase the yield of laboratory-produced red blood cells, which could significantly reduce their cost. The technique targets a specific gene, SH2B3, and uses CRISPR gene editing to permanently shut it off in human embryonic stem cell lines.
A new analysis from Oregon State University reveals that students entering kindergarten with a strong grasp of academic language literacy are more likely to become proficient English speakers. Research suggests that building literacy skills prior to kindergarten can set students on a path to success.
By rapidly changing the environment around phosphor emitters, researchers have developed a method to modulate their emission at high speeds, overcoming the limitation of slow optical lifetimes. This breakthrough could enable the use of phosphors in new applications, such as optical communications networks on computer chips.
Researchers found that babies with profound hearing loss who received cochlear implants soon babbled as often as their hearing peers, allowing them to catch up developmentally. Infants are actively engaged in their own developmental process and motivated by hearing their own sounds.
Biotech expert Mitchell Finer shares his experiences and strategies for achieving commercial success, including the importance of clinical data and access to capital. He also discusses the growth of companies like bluebird bio and Cell Genesys, and the potential for gene therapy to revolutionize treatment options.
Researchers at Helmholtz Munich developed a method to predict the probability of developing postpartum diabetes after childbirth, using BMI and genetic predisposition as key factors. The test showed that women with low-risk scores had an 11% risk of developing diabetes within five years.
A themed issue of Future Medicinal Chemistry highlights academia's role in drug discovery, discussing industry-academia alliances and novel models. The issue features expert commentaries on bridging the translational research gap and implementing open innovation platforms.
Researchers found that larger vocal organs and deeper roars in male howler monkeys correspond to smaller testes and lower sperm production. This trade-off is related to the mating system, where males with large hyoids and deep roars live in small groups with one dominant male.
Scientists at MIT have found a mechanism by which cancer cells develop resistance to chemotherapy drugs. The MK2 pathway takes over when p53 is disabled, allowing cells to continue dividing even with extensive DNA damage. Measuring the levels of specific RNAs could help predict patients' response to chemotherapy.
A UMass Amherst study aims to create a market for locally sourced timber by using underused wood species in cross-laminated timber (CLT) construction. CLT's structural viability will be demonstrated, and computer models will be developed for advanced engineering analysis and design.
Black men with localized prostate cancer had poorer quality care, higher costs, and worse postoperative outcomes compared to white men. However, the authors found no difference in cancer-specific or overall death between the two groups.
A study of 119 low-per capita income countries found that institutional controls are a significant factor in freshwater supply management. Many geographically disparate nations have similar water supply vulnerability 'fingerprints', highlighting the importance of good governance.
Researchers created a new form of BanLec that fights AIDS, hepatitis C, and influenza viruses without causing inflammation. The engineered lectin molecule works by targeting the sugar code on virus surfaces and preventing them from entering cells.
A team of researchers at the University of Sussex has discovered a novel link between genetics and movement control in fruit flies. The study found that specific microRNAs play a crucial role in regulating precise movements, which could have significant implications for understanding human disorders like Parkinson's disease.
Plant researchers have identified a key molecular mechanism regulating plant translational activity in response to ethylene, a major gaseous stress hormone. The study shows that transcription of certain genes is triggered, but protein production is restricted until ethylene levels drop, allowing plants to quickly respond and recover.
A recent study by Allina Health found that most breast cancer patients with invasive lobular carcinoma can be treated with hormones alone, reducing treatment time, cost, and side effects. The study identified a model that predicts recurrence risk using characteristics such as progesterone receptor expression and patient age.
A study found that male howler monkeys with larger hyoid bones produce deeper calls but have smaller testicles, while those with smaller hyoids have larger testes. This tradeoff is thought to increase mating success by allowing males to either sire more offspring or attract females.
Raising the smoking age to 21 would help curb early access to tobacco products, leading to reduced smoking rates. E-cigarettes are largely unproven as a smoking cessation tool with potential health risks unknown.
Researchers found that glycosidase-silenced larvae are more susceptible to predators and have reduced survival rates, indicating the importance of detoxification. The study reveals a novel mechanism where removing a sugar molecule from a plant's defensive compound can result in detoxification.
Researchers have developed a hand-held optical scanner that can image breast tissues in real time, offering benefits over mammography without ionizing radiation. The device uses near-infrared laser diode source to map optical absorption, which may indicate higher blood flow due to abnormalities like tumors.
Human embryonic stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes surpass bone marrow-derived cells in repairing damaged heart tissue, suggesting a better option for future therapies. The study's findings also indicate that more mature and stable heart muscle cells may be more effective than progenitor cells in clinical studies.
A 24-year study found that chronic diseases disproportionately affect Bangladesh's poor, with mortality rates increasing dramatically among the lowest-income households. The shift underscores how chronic diseases have become 'diseases of poverty', dragging more people into poverty.
A NASA study shows that widely used chemical coolants known as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) contribute to ozone depletion. The study found that HFC emissions cause increased warming of the stratosphere, speeding up chemical reactions that destroy ozone molecules.
Dr. Joe Z. Tsien's Theory of Connectivity proposes that the brain uses the power of two to create a prewired framework for connecting neurons, enabling knowledge and flexibility. This equation provides a way to wire brain cells in such a way to turn infinite possibilities into organized knowledge.
The discovery of over 250 dwarf galaxies at z=6-8 provides strong evidence that faint dwarf galaxies were responsible for cosmic reionization. The team's analysis determined that the smallest and most abundant galaxies in the study were vital to the process.
Researchers have discovered that a Brazilian social bee must cultivate fungus to survive, highlighting the importance of symbiotic relationships in colony health. The fungus is grown in the nest and is transferred to newly built cells, with larvae surviving 76% of the time when fed fungal mycelia.
A new study published in JAMA found that pregnant women with preeclampsia have a higher risk of delivering an infant with a congenital heart defect. The research examined hospital records of over 1.9 million mother and infant pairs, revealing significant association between the diseases.
A clinical trial reports superior outcomes in patients undergoing minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion using triangular titanium implants, compared to nonsurgical management. The study shows significant reductions in pain, disability, and quality of life for patients with sacroiliac joint dysfunction.
A study reveals that Aspergillus fumigatus uses its sugar galactosaminogalactan to evade the immune system, making it more resistant to neutrophil killing and increasing its virulence. This finding suggests targeting GAG as a potential antifungal approach for human patients.
AOU is developing an aeroecology training program that will train graduate students in data science and its application of Earth-observation data for societal benefits. The program, supported by the National Science Foundation, aims to recruit and retain diverse high-quality graduate students across disciplines.
Researchers identified a neural circuit in the brain that regulates REM sleep and show it controls NREM sleep physiology. The study also found that REM sleep interacts with NREM sleep in a hierarchy, affecting slow wave activity.
Researchers at Toyohashi University of Technology found that facial color affects early stage of subliminal processing of facial expression. Facial bluish color increases N170 latency effect compared to natural color, indicating modulation of fearful expressions in the subliminal condition.
Scientists have developed best practice principles for assessing the impact of new roads and railways on bats, highlighting the need for a more rigorous approach to protecting wildlife. Existing mitigation structures, such as underpasses and wire gantries, are often ineffective, while green overpasses and underpasses show promise.
Young adults with a genetic risk of Alzheimer's disease showed reduced grid cell functioning and abnormal spatial navigation when navigating a virtual maze. This could be an early biomarker for the disease, suggesting that early intervention may be effective.
Researchers studied 83 patients with moderate to severe AC joint dislocations and found that non-surgical treatment resulted in greater mobility than surgical patients. Patients who did not undergo surgery returned to work sooner and experienced fewer complications.
RapidScat measured sustained winds of over 80 mph near the center of Hurricane Olaf, with tropical storm force winds extending up to 155 miles from the center. The hurricane is forecast to move slowly northward, bringing life-threatening surf to Hawaiian Islands
This special issue examines cancer screening, treatment, survivorship, access to care, and global health. Research articles investigate colorectal cancer screening, patient perceptions of stool DNA-based testing, financial barriers to specialty care for uninsured patients, and the role of primary health care in China's reform.
Researchers successfully treated dogs with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy using gene therapy, developing a miniature version of the dystrophin protein that protects all muscles. The treatment uses a common virus to deliver the gene, which has shown no symptoms in human bodies and is being planned for human clinical trials.
Researchers at the University of Florida have identified a type of deep-sea bacteria that can convert industrial carbon dioxide into bicarbonate, a process that could help neutralize greenhouse gases. The enzyme produced by the bacterium has high thermal stability, making it suitable for industrial applications.
The 26th Northwestern Pacific Tropical Depression formed on October 22, 2015, near Wake Island. It had maximum sustained winds of 28.7 mph and was moving north-northeast at 23.0 mph.
Researchers have discovered a candidate target for a dengue virus transmission-blocking vaccine, which interferes with the virus's infection of mosquitoes. The target protein, CRVP379, is required during DENV infection in mosquito cells and whole mosquitoes, and its expression levels correlate with the level of DENV infection.
Researchers have discovered that cell division mechanisms involve an excitable cortex that participates in the process. This excitable state allows for precise control of contractile proteins and enzymes to assemble at the right place and time during cell division, enabling accurate and adaptive management of the cell's shape.
A study found disparities in kidney disease patients' access to electronic health record portals, which may reinforce existing health-related inequities. Patients with black race, lower neighborhood household income, older age, and Medicaid/Medicare insurance status were less likely to adopt the portal.
The NIH-funded study found that the RTS,S vaccine was most effective against malaria in children with the same protein variant, while a mismatch corresponded to lesser protection. The research used advanced genomic sequencing technology to investigate genetic variations in the CS protein, which may limit or restrict vaccine protection.
A recent study published in the Royal Society Open Science journal has made the first-ever field observations of Omura's whales off the coast of Madagascar. The research team observed 44 groups of whales, collected skin biopsies from 18 adult whales, and recorded song-like vocalizations that may indicate reproductive behavior.
Michigan Technological University researchers have developed a method to increase the output of solar panels by 30 percent or more by using reflectors to bounce sunlight back onto panels. This innovation could lead to major retrofits for existing solar farms, making solar energy more efficient and cost-effective.
Researchers have identified ORF0 sequences in human and chimp DNA that may produce hundreds of previously unknown proteins. The discovery suggests a new mechanism for generating novel proteins, which could be beneficial or disease-causing, depending on the evolutionary context.
The Penn State College of Medicine has implemented a new curriculum that focuses on patient navigation, shifting from a physician-centric to a patient-centric model. First-year medical students learn about the health care system and gain hands-on experience as patient navigators.
The new system monitors five substances, including glucose and lactate, and can detect up to 40 molecules in real time. This reduces the need for invasive monitoring devices, providing a practical advantage for medical staff and loved ones.
Researchers from Hebrew University of Jerusalem suggest that microglia cells may be a key to causing depression, leading to potential new treatments. The study proposes a personalized medical approach using drugs that restore normal microglia function to diagnose and treat depression.
Acute myeloid leukemia cells are addicted to the presence of JMJD1C, a protein that plays a key role in cancer-promoting effects. The team identified JMJD1C as a potential therapeutic target for multiple types of leukemia.
Researchers found that red mason bee females prefer males from their own region based on specific vibration patterns. This discovery suggests that vibrational signals carry complex information about a male's place of origin.
Researchers found that howler monkey species with larger hyoid bones produce sounds with lower frequencies, suggesting a larger body size. This is associated with smaller testes and vice versa, indicating a trade-off between vocal investment and sperm production.