A study of Inuit DNA reveals how their unique genetic makeup helps them thrive on a high-fat diet, with genes associated with fat metabolism, height and weight, and cholesterol playing key roles. The research suggests that the Inuit population has undergone significant adaptation to its extreme climate environment.
A new meta-analysis has found that smoking significantly increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, with current smokers at a 37% higher risk than never smokers. The risk decreases after quitting, but former smokers are still at an 18% increased risk after 5 years and 11% more than 10 years ago.
Researchers translate microscopic concepts to study polar sea ice, capturing dynamic forces with a tractable equation. The new approach opens up climate science to nonequilibrium statistical mechanics methods, solving the long-standing challenge of measuring sea ice volume.
A UT Arlington computer scientist is developing novel software engineering methods to detect and mitigate unsafe cyber-physical upgrades in the energy domain. The research aims to create more reliable and safer systems, easing the verification and validation process for software and systems engineers.
Scientists have discovered a new role for basal forebrain neurons in controlling action, enabling rapid stop of planned behaviors. This discovery opens the door to novel approaches for neurological and psychiatric conditions affecting cognitive functions.
Professor Nick Enfield and his colleagues found evidence of a universal trait in human conversation, with the word 'Huh' appearing in 31 languages. They also discovered that people stop for clarification once every 90 seconds, regardless of language.
Researchers at the University of Manchester have discovered a potential new approach to overcome hormone therapy resistance in ER+ breast cancer by targeting breast cancer stem cells driven by NOTCH4. This approach shows promise in improving treatment outcomes for patients with hormone therapy-resistant breast cancer.
Students from Drexel and KAIST will collaborate on nanofabrication and energy storage projects using latest materials and instrumentation. The FIRST Nano2 Co-op Center aims to foster global partnerships in 21st-century technological challenges.
A new study estimates that leptospirosis affects over 1 million people each year, resulting in nearly 60,000 deaths, primarily in resource-poor settings. The disease is spread through contact with contaminated environments and has the potential to grow further due to climate change and urbanization.
PharmaMar has initiated a multicenter, international phase II Basket trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PM1183 (lurbinectedin) in patients with various advanced solid tumors. The trial will assess the overall response rate, duration of response, and pharmacokinetic properties of the drug.
Harmful algal blooms and hypoxia pose significant threats to coastal ecosystems, economies, and human health. NOAA's new grants will help communities detect, predict, and manage toxic algae and low oxygen levels using advanced monitoring technologies and robotic systems.
The conference will showcase advancements in acute cardiovascular care, including heart attack, cardiac arrest, and pulmonary embolism treatment. Experts will discuss novel therapies and debate controversial topics such as pre-hospital care and bleeding management.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have discovered a mechanism that explains how insulin-producing cells can be both insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive at the same time. The study identifies a key factor, PI3K-C2α, that causes a switch in signaling pathways, leading to beta cell proliferation.
A team of physicists has discovered stable ferroelectricity in a few nanometers thick strontium titanate film, contradicting expected behavior. This finding could lead to new materials for nanotechnology devices.
Researchers discovered that sponges construct their skeletons through a complex process involving dynamic transport and cementation of spicules. The findings reveal a fundamentally new mechanism of forming animal body shape and may inspire interdisciplinary studies in fields like bioengineering and architecture.
Researchers found that obesity-related immune cell changes appear early, particularly in African-American girls. The study suggests that blood tests could be used to identify teens at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease in the future.
Researchers have successfully trapped single atoms or molecules using a laser light in a doughnut-shaped metal cage. This breakthrough could lead to the development of advanced storage devices, computers, and high-resolution instruments. The technique uses scanning probe microscopy techniques to access individual nano-traps.
Researchers uncover the crucial function of a protein called BuGZ in assembling the spindle matrix and microtubules during mitosis. The discovery could lead to new insights into cancer and other diseases caused by errors in cell division.
A new study published in Diabetologia shows that high protein diets from both animal and plant sources improve blood sugar control and reduce liver fat in patients with type 2 diabetes. Insulin sensitivity improved only in the animal protein group, while the plant protein group showed significant reductions in kidney function parameters.
A study by Stanford scientists has found that the supposed 'global warming hiatus' never occurred, due to flawed statistical methods. The researchers developed a new statistical framework to re-examine temperature data, taking into account temporal and spatial dependencies.
Researchers at the University of Delaware have discovered oviductosomes, tiny particles that help sperm prepare for fertilization. These particles are attached to the sperm like decorations and transfer critical molecules, including a calcium clearance pump, that aid in the fertilization process.
Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have discovered a way to create linear chains of carbon atoms, called carbyne, through laser-melting graphite. This material has potential applications in nanoelectronic devices and superhard materials, as well as tunable semiconductors and hydrogen storage.
Research at Derby Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust found a 90% medical bed occupancy target reduced hospital death rates by 4.5-4.8% and improved the national 4-hour A&E waiting target performance from 33% to 51.4%.
A Phase 2a trial will assess the safety and immunogenicity of IDRI's TB vaccine candidate in 60 participants in South Africa, who have previously had active TB. The trial aims to reduce TB recurrence after treatment, a major threat to TB control programs.
Methane emissions from Arctic tundra increase when sea ice melts due to altered ocean temperatures and microbial activity. The loss of sea ice has a significant impact on the Arctic climate, leading to higher temperatures and increased methane production.
A research team at Northwestern University has developed a computational algorithm that leverages cells' noisy nature to control the networks governing cellular behavior. By controlling a smaller network of state transitions, they can promote cellular health and prevent disease.
The study found that Inuit have special mutations in genes involved in fat metabolism, which lower bad LDL cholesterol and fasting insulin levels. These mutations also reduce height by 2 centimeters in the Inuit, a finding associated with shorter heights in Europeans.
Research finds that rural adolescents are 35% more likely to abuse prescription painkillers in the past year compared to urban teens. The study suggests that limited medical care and emergency room prescriptions contribute to this issue.
A new study by researchers from Linnaeus University demonstrates that a higher degree of individual variation is beneficial to populations and species. The findings suggest that more variable populations are less vulnerable to environmental changes, show decreased fluctuations in population size, have superior establishment success, la...
A study found that African American women with breast cancer have a higher prevalence of aggressive tumor characteristics, including the TP53 driver mutation and basal tumor subtype, which contribute to racial disparities in survival rates. The research may help develop targeted therapies against these subtypes.
Researchers used integrated 'omics' approaches to analyze changes in proteins across different organs in young and old rats. They found that aging affects organs in strikingly different ways, with specific protein patterns related to the organ's unique cellular properties or function. The study suggests that aging is an organ-specific ...
A new study suggests that obese patients with type 2 diabetes may benefit from priority access to obesity surgery, as they often experience remission of diabetes and reduced complications. This can lead to lower accumulated drug costs and overall healthcare expenses.
Researchers at EMBL, Salk Institute, and UC Berkeley measured how ageing affects brain and liver cells in rats. They found that age-related changes in brain cells often involve the loss of molecules helping neurons communicate, while liver cells show changes in metabolic processes.
Copepods, tiny crustaceans that form the base of marine food webs, rely on omega-3s to survive. The new study found that copepods are resilient to short-term climate change but their long-term survival is threatened by reduced food supply.
The Research Triangle Nanotechnology Network aims to increase innovation by making nanotechnology accessible to faculty, students, businesses, and educators across the Triangle and nation. The initiative provides graduate students with peer-to-peer training opportunities and 'Nano-Nights' programs for grades 7-12 classrooms.
Scientists at TGen discovered 21 genes with increased methylation that could indicate metastatic breast cancer. A blood-based test using this signature may help improve treatment for women at risk of recurrence.
A new study found that a large majority of breast cancers in Cote d'Ivoire and Republic of Congo are detected at an advanced stage, with over two-thirds of tumors being 5 cm or larger in diameter. The study's results underscore the need for improved access to diagnosis and treatment in sub-Saharan Africa.
A new study reveals that the traditional papal blessing hand gesture was likely caused by an ulnar nerve injury to St. Peter, the first pope, rather than a median nerve injury as previously thought.
Teachers certified through alternative pathways exhibit stronger SAT scores and greater success on certification exams compared to traditional university-based programs. These findings suggest that adding course requirements may actually deter the most qualified individuals from pursuing teaching careers.
A new imaging technique found damage to nerve tracts connecting different parts of the brain in people with high blood pressure, linked to difficulties in cognitive skills and emotional regulation. DTI provides a way to evaluate pre-symptomatic brain damage in people with high blood pressure.
Researchers have collected over 1,500 genetic samples from various ethnic groups to study the genome of the Volga Tatar people. The findings could lead to more effective treatments by identifying genetic markers for diseases.
A study of 13,583 US adolescents found that exercise for 4+ days a week reduces sadness and suicidal ideation by 23%. Exercise was associated with significant reductions in sadness, suicidal ideation, and attempt across all students, particularly bullied teens.
Researchers have developed a novel software that translates the effects of cancer mutations on protein function, revealing how disease mutations target and damage protein signaling networks within human cells. The discovery has significant implications for personalized precision cancer treatments.
Bunostegos' forelimb anatomy reveals unique characteristics allowing it to stand with legs under the body. This finding indicates the earliest known example of an upright posture in pre-reptiles, dating back 260 million years.
A recent study by Raymond Fisman et al. reveals that the wealthy and educated elite tend to be less fair-minded and more inclined towards efficiency when distributing resources. The research found that those who prefer efficiency are more likely to work in the corporate sector, which may contribute to the muted policy response to incre...
A 2009 dust storm known as Red Dawn transported soil out to sea, causing a significant marine biological response in the Tasman Sea. The study found that phytoplankton growth was stimulated by iron-rich dust, with positive chlorophyll anomalies reaching up to 0.5mg m-3.
The Provasoli-Guillard National Center for Marine Algae and Macrobiota (NCMA) is developing a three-year training program to train the next generation of taxonomic experts in identifying harmful marine algae. This initiative, funded by NOAA, aims to rebuild expertise critical to managing HABs in US coastal regions.
Researchers at MIT and Boston Children's Hospital have developed a system that can take MRI scans of a patient's heart and convert them into a tangible, physical model. The models provide a more intuitive way for surgeons to assess individual patients' anatomical idiosyncrasies, improving surgical planning.
A study found that high urinary excretion levels of both sodium and potassium are linked with faster progression of chronic kidney disease. Patients with CKD often consume excessive amounts of sodium, which can worsen their condition.
A team of engineers at Duke University has successfully demonstrated a previously unrecognized 3D imaging capability using modern digital cameras by repurposing its existing components. The research uses the image stabilization and focus modules to achieve similar results without additional hardware.
Researchers found that birds' feeding preferences, rather than social position, are key factors in contracting and spreading a common eye disease. The study suggests targeting high-risk individuals to reduce disease transmission.
Researchers found that great apes can remember and anticipate memorable events from a single viewing of a movie, using anticipatory looks to track impending events. The study used eye-tracking technology to test the apes' ability to recall and anticipate events in two different films.
Researchers found a 30% increased risk of myeloblastic leukemia in children living within 150m of heavily used roads with combined road lengths over 260m. However, no association was observed for the more common lymphoblastic type of leukemia.
A new report by the University of Minnesota-led team reveals that stripe rust poses a significant threat to the world's wheat supply due to inconsistent funding for research. The disease has expanded its range, affecting 26 states in the US and threatening 88% of global wheat production.
Researchers at Temple University School of Medicine have identified a protein that opens the door to cell death, causing severe power failures in mitochondria. Blocking this protein with a small molecule inhibitor could aid in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke.
Researchers adapted eye-tracking technology for apes, showing they could recall video clips after a 24-hour delay and anticipate what came next. The study suggests great apes can use their memories to avoid danger, interact socially, and navigate complex environments.
A team of experts is working on developing a dynamic spine brace that can modulate corrective forces while allowing users to perform everyday activities. The new design aims to improve the quality of life for children with scoliosis, which affects 2-3% of adolescents each year.
Researchers have developed a new material with both electrical and magnetic order, promising lower energy consumption for computer memory technologies. This breakthrough design approach enables the synthesis and tuning of families of materials crucial for low-energy computing applications.
Researchers found significant antigenic difference within each dengue serotype, suggesting individuals infected with one type may not be protected against different strains. The study's findings have implications for vaccine design and understanding of the virus's evolution.
A pooled analysis of studies found that Tai Chi improved physical capacity and quality of life in people with breast cancer, heart failure, osteoarthritis, and COPD without worsening pain or breathlessness. The exercise also showed benefits for muscle strength and sit-to-stand times in patients with osteoarthritis.
Researchers used immersive virtual reality to explore the effect of embodiment on thought processes. The results show that embodying a trusted authority figure, such as Sigmund Freud, leads to more effective self-advice and improved problem-solving skills.
Researchers found a biomarker that can predict which HER2-negative breast cancer patients will respond to bevacizumab treatment, allowing for early switch to more effective options. This discovery could spare patients from severe side effects and improve overall survival rates.
Direct treatment costs of dental diseases worldwide total US$298 billion yearly, while indirect costs due to productivity losses amount to US$144 billion. The combined economic impact amounts to US$442 billion in 2010.
A clinical trial of romidepsin, an HDAC inhibitor, found that it can reverse HIV latency in individuals on long-term antiretroviral therapy. The treatment did not negatively affect T-cell function, and increased plasma HIV-1 RNA was detectable in five of six participants.
In a clinical trial, a genetically engineered vaccine successfully eradicated high-grade precancerous cervical lesions in 48.2% of women who received the vaccine, compared to 30% of those who received saline injections. The vaccine also cleared the virus from the cervixes of 56 women, reducing the risk of cancer recurrence.
Researchers found that burrowing owls colonizing cities exhibit the same levels of stress as rural populations, suggesting a high tolerance to human disturbances. Urban individuals with intermediate levels of corticosterone hormone have better survival rates.
NASA's Terra satellite captured a visible image of Typhoon Krovanh on September 17, 2015, showing the storm's southeastern quadrant with the Marianas Islands resembling five o'clock in the sky. The typhoon had intensified into a powerful storm with maximum sustained winds near 95 knots.
A new surgical training program has been developed using techniques from sports and music to improve surgical performance. The model employs a coaching team with well-rehearsed communication to provide immediate correction when needed.
Scientists at Berkeley Lab have devised an ultra-thin invisibility 'skin' cloak that can conform to the shape of an object and conceal it from detection with visible light. The cloak, made of gold nanoantennas, reroutes reflected light waves to render the object invisible to optical detection.
The symposium aims to address the role of urban soils in storing carbon and mitigate climate change. Experts propose various management options such as biodiversity enhancement and sustainable land use practices to increase soil carbon storage.
Researchers propose using prescribed fires, mechanical thinning, and less suppression of wildfires in specific conditions to restore resilient forests. This approach could reduce catastrophic fires and their costly consequences.
A recent study by University of California, Berkeley researchers found that neighborhoods with higher percentages of Hispanic and African American residents had poorer air quality and closer proximity to hazardous waste sites. The study reveals stark racial disparities in environmental health hazards across California communities.
The NOAA Marine Debris Program has funded 13 new community-based removal projects, distributing nearly $1.4 million to remove large debris such as derelict vessels and abandoned fishing gear from shorelines and coastal waters. The projects also focus on prevention initiatives and raise local awareness about marine debris.
A study by King's College London and University of Washington found that maternal chronic stress is associated with a higher prevalence of dental cavities among children. The study also found that mothers who did not breastfeed their children were more likely to have them develop cavities.
Researchers discovered that chameleons have twice the number of wrist and ankle skeletal elements than previously thought, enabling greater rotation and flexibility. This adaptation allowed species to leave ground cover and occupy trees, revolutionizing their climbing ability.
Researchers found that Myc oncogene disrupts circadian rhythm and metabolism in cancer cells by promoting REV-ERBα activity, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Inhibiting REV-ERBα may partially rescue disrupted circadian oscillations and improve treatment effectiveness.
A study published in Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience has confirmed the pathogenic role of beta amyloid in dementia, both in Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Researchers found that people with Down syndrome develop abnormal protein at twice the rate, providing insights into how Alzheimer's naturally progresses.
A new study estimates that more than 1 million new cases of leptospirosis occur each year, resulting in nearly 59,000 deaths. The disease is spread through contact with contaminated environments and is particularly prevalent in urban slums.
The Global Precipitation Measurement mission core satellite collected data on TD9's rainfall, revealing intense rain rates of 58.2 mm/hour and towering thunderstorms up to 14.9 km high. Tropical Depression Nine is expected to degenerate into a remnant low pressure area by Saturday, September 19.
The true cost of coal usage is higher than expected due to government subsidies and environmental side effects, argues Ottmar Edenhofer. These subsidies not only divert funds away from other important uses but also discourage investments in low-carbon alternatives.
A reexamination of digger wasps in Australia has led to the discovery of 11 new species, bringing the total count to 34. The study, published in ZooKeys, provides an updated identification key and morphological characteristics for each species.
Northwestern University has received a $5 million grant from the National Science Foundation to establish a national resource for nanotechnology facilities and expertise. The Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource provides integrated capabilities for researchers, including small businesses and industry users.
A study found that teenagers are more likely to smoke if their parent is a smoker, with daughters being particularly vulnerable. The study also found that the risk of nicotine dependence increases with parental smoking and dependence.
The TV show 'Freak Show' forces audiences to confront intellectual fears about difference, diversity and change, from voyeuristic appeal to reflection on who might be the 'real' freak. The series explores what it means to be 'abnormal' or an anomaly, challenging stereotypes and promoting empathy.
Scientists at the University of Zurich discovered a novel mechanism that helps neural stem cells resist aging-induced damage. A diffusion barrier in the endoplasmic reticulum regulates the sorting of damaged proteins, allowing for rejuvenation and longer lifespan.
Researchers at OIST have developed a method to increase efficiency of THz emission in gallium arsenide-based devices using femtosecond-laser-ablation. This technique improves the material's properties, leading to near 100% photon absorption and broader absorption bandwidth.
A recent study published in Renewable Energy predicts that the Midwest region will experience a 2% increase in wind energy density by 2038-2070 due to climate change. This is expected to provide additional power for residents, with some counties projected to gain enough energy to run multiple appliances continuously.
New research from Binghamton University reveals that federal accounting rules can lock up funds for small banks, particularly hurting their customers. This limits access to lending resources, such as commercial paper and exotics, for small businesses with greater growth potential.
Scientists have developed a new ultra-thin invisibility cloak that can render small objects undetectable by rerouting incoming light waves. The cloak is designed with a reflective metasurface and light-scattering antennae, allowing it to conceal objects with sharp edges and peaks.
Research teams discovered genes from parasitic wasps are present in butterfly genomes, acquired through a virus that integrates into DNA. This finding reveals naturally produced GMOs in butterflies, including the iconic Monarch species, and highlights potential risks of gene transfers in GM insects.
Researchers discovered genetic adaptations in Greenlanders that allow them to thrive in extreme environments, including changes related to fat synthesis and a mutation affecting height. The study highlights the importance of studying small and historically isolated populations like the Inuit.
Active surveillance can reduce overtreatment by almost 50 percent at 15 years, according to a new review article. The approach involves monitoring and testing patients with regular intervals, rather than immediate treatment. The authors found that this strategy can balance the risk of overdiagnosis and overtreatment in prostate cancer.
Professor Michael Frakes will examine the relationship between medical malpractice laws and health care outcomes using a unique data set from the Military Health System. The four-year study aims to identify the impact of liability pressure on practice patterns, medical costs and patient outcomes.
Researchers used DNA to reconstruct past events that brought European populations together, shedding light on the lives of 'regular people.' The study found evidence of multiple migrations, including from Central Asia to Europe and from West Africa to the Mediterranean.
Research suggests that excessive daytime sleepiness and taking long naps during the day are associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. A meta-analysis of 261,365 subjects found that excessive daytime sleepiness increased the risk by 56%, while longer naps of 60 minutes or more increased the risk by 46%.
A new imaging agent, Ga-68 PSMA, significantly improved detection of early recurrent prostate cancer in a study published in The Journal of Nuclear Medicine. The agent was found to detect sites of possible recurrence in 50% of patients with low PSA levels, compared to only 12.5% for another widely used agent.
Researchers found that co-culturing pathogenic E. coli with nonpathogenic strains in mice increased sickness and severity of symptoms. The study suggests that analyzing gut flora may help predict disease outcome and treatment effectiveness.