A systematic review of public health guidelines found that recommendations for limiting sugar intake are based on low-to-very-low quality evidence. The researchers suggest that while limiting sugar intake is advisable, the degree and alternatives remain unclear.
A new study highlights racial/ethnic disparities in achieving positive outcomes for delinquent youth after detention. Females and non-Hispanic white males tend to have better outcomes than their African-American and Hispanic counterparts.
Researchers discovered that two M1-selective medications reversed memory deficits and extended the lifespan of mice with neurodegenerative disease. The findings support the concept that more specific drugs can be effective in treating cognitive symptoms.
Researchers discovered a new species of deep-sea octopus that guards its eggs on sponges attached to manganese nodules. The species' dependence on the nodules suggests industrial resource extraction must be preceded by ecological investigations.
Wild barramundi populations are likely to be seriously affected by ocean acidification, which can impact fish that only spend a short time in the ocean. The study's findings have significant implications for fishing industries and ecosystem health.
A study published in the American Journal of Roentgenology found that radiologists may be uniquely positioned to detect elder abuse due to their role in identifying injury patterns. However, most diagnostic radiologists have limited training or experience in this area, and all participants reported missing cases of elder abuse.
A new species of octopod, the 'Casper', has been found at record-breaking ocean depths, and its eggs are laid on sponges attached to seafloor nodules rich in valuable metals. The removal of these nodules may put the lifecycle of these octopods at risk due to their association with manganese crusts.
A recent review of clinical trials from Purdue University suggests that consuming more than half a serving per day of red meat does not worsen blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels. The research provides new insights into the relationship between red meat consumption and cardiovascular disease risk factors.
A new study published in Pediatrics found that children who experienced neglect and abuse are more likely to have time off work due to sickness and less likely to own their own homes by middle age. The researchers also identified poor reading and mathematics skills as a key factor contributing to these outcomes.
Researchers at the University of Maryland have developed a game-changing ultra-thin aluminum oxide layer that decreases impedance in garnet-based solid-state batteries, allowing for efficient charging and discharging. This breakthrough technology solves the primary obstacle in solid-state battery development, increasing safety, perform...
Researchers have identified a new genetic disorder that causes dystonia, a disabling movement disorder. Patients with this condition can benefit from Deep Brain Stimulation, which has restored independent walking and improved hand and arm movement in most cases.
The project aims to increase hybrid wheat yield potential by 15-20 percent, making it climate resilient and attractive to producers. The team will develop tools and germplasm for efficient hybrid seed production and create hybrids to establish and confirm heterotic pools in wheat.
A team of scientists has identified genetic connections between sleep disturbance and a range of medical disorders, including restless legs syndrome, schizophrenia, and obesity. The study found novel genetic links with insomnia symptoms, as well as associations with schizophrenia risk, measures of obesity, and abnormal glucose metabolism.
Scientists found Arctic lakes are melting an average of one day earlier per year over a 14-year period, with Central Siberia showing the strongest trend. This early thawing has implications for energy balance, CO2 emissions, and winter transport.
Researchers at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine have successfully regenerated dental pulp-like tissues in animal model experiments using a collagen-based biomaterial to deliver stem cells. The approach shows promise in restoring normal tooth function and may offer an alternative to traditional endodontic treatments.
A study found that only 1 in 6 news stories included quotes from independent commenters, and many lacked relevant clinical and academic expertise. The authors suggest developing strategies to improve the quality and independence of comments in health news stories.
Researchers found that vitamin E and selenium supplements did not prevent colorectal adenomas in a large-scale study. The findings suggest that these antioxidants have no evidence of preventing cancer.
Deer antlers' unique structure has been replicated in computer modeling to resist breaking. The staggered arrangement of fibrils allows for energy absorption during impact.
University of Minnesota researchers have provided unprecedented images of cancer genome-mutating enzymes acting on DNA, offering vital clues into how these enzymes promote tumor evolution. The findings suggest ways to block enzyme activity in cancer, potentially making current anti-cancer therapies more effective.
Researchers discovered that nanoparticles, resembling caterpillars, trigger immune system activation when internalized. To counteract this detection, three possible strategies are proposed: modifying the coating, understanding absorbed proteins, or attracting natural inhibitors.
The Keck School of Medicine of USC has received a $2.5 million grant to develop an off-the-shelf stem cell therapy for osteoarthritis. The therapy aims to reduce the need for joint replacement surgery, mitigating the burden on patients and physicians.
Using cardiac imaging during heart surgery can detect serious residual holes in the heart that may occur when surgeons repair a child's heart defect. Pediatric experts say this tool, called transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), improves outcomes for children with congenital heart disease.
Researchers from Lomonosov Moscow State University demonstrate how an evolutionary ancient mechanism of protein biosynthesis helps a cell resist stress. They developed a technique called FLERT, which allows studying the impact of cell stress on protein synthesis in a short-time scale.
A new study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that patterns of white matter microstructure present at birth and after birth predict cognitive function in children at ages 1 and 2. The study used diffusion tensor imaging to identify 12 white matter fiber tracts important for cognitive function, which wer...
Researchers found that clownfish can change hormone levels to become female and restore balance after the death of a female. The team identified key molecular pathways involved in this process, including aromatase, which is linked to estrogen production.
A study found that cancer patients with depression have lower levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), making them less responsive to chemotherapy. Low BDNF levels are associated with reduced treatment tolerance and poorer outcomes.
A routine blood test can predict how long cancer patients in palliative care will survive, researchers report. The Six Adaptable Prognostic models use three laboratory measurements to estimate death within 1-6 months, allowing physicians to re-evaluate prognosis at any time point.
Research finds that pembrolizumab is a cost-effective first-line treatment for advanced melanoma, offering improved survival and progression-free rates compared to ipilimumab and cytotoxic chemotherapy. The study suggests that healthcare authorities should consider including pembrolizumab as a reimbursable item in the public setting.
A Malaysian study found that four in five cancer survivors suffer from anxiety and depression a year after diagnosis. The study also highlighted the importance of addressing quality of life for cancer patients beyond clinical outcomes.
A study found that cancer patients spend a significant portion of their household income on treatment, transport, and childcare. The economic burden is often referred to as the 'financial toxicity' of cancer.
A subgroup analysis of the MONALEESA-2 trial found that ribociclib improves progression-free survival in Asian patients with HR-positive advanced breast cancer. The treatment was well-tolerated and demonstrated efficacy regardless of geographic region or self-reported race.
Researchers at PNNL have created a smaller muon detector that can be used to monitor CO2 movement or leakage underground. The detector uses optical fibers and electronics to count muons passing through it, allowing for the detection of anomalies in density and the creation of images.
Physicists at Goethe University Frankfurt have made a pioneering discovery about the phase transition from an electrical conductor to an insulator. The researchers found that both electrons and the atomic lattice play a significant role in the transition, contrary to common textbook opinion.
A new battery-powered detection system can identify 16 virulent pathogens with high sensitivity and provides positive identification from as few as 10 DNA sequences. The device is designed for use in remote locations where laboratory resources are lacking, addressing the lack of timely diagnosis and effective treatment.
A new study found that urinary epidermal growth factor levels provided improved ability to distinguish between patients with kidney involvement and those without. The biomarker was also associated with overall lupus damage, suggesting its potential role in monitoring disease progression.
Researchers at FAU's Computer Chemistry Center are developing an AI application to predict odor molecules, neutralizing undesirable smells in packaging and products. The project aims to improve product development efficiency, reducing trial-and-error experiments.
Researchers present first data on rare sarcomas in Asian patients, showing poor overall survival rates. Chemotherapy improves survival in advanced cases, but treatment rates remain low, with physician-related factors possibly at play.
A new study by Penn Medicine found that delaying surgery after a diagnosis of uterine cancer can increase a woman's risk of death, while operating too soon can also be detrimental. The study suggests prioritizing pre-surgical care and specialist referrals over timing.
Scientists at Princeton University have discovered a vibrational resonance mechanism that enables the efficient transfer of light energy in cryptophyte algae. This finding provides valuable insights for designing artificial light-harvesting systems, potentially leading to more efficient solar energy collectors.
A new study analyzes asthma patients' living conditions, revealing stark poverty, poor housing, and limited access to healthcare. Community health workers report patients' emotional struggles, including feelings of hopelessness and depression.
Researchers found that morning people are faster at solving attention-related tasks, but make more mistakes. In contrast, evening people are slower but more accurate in completing similar tasks, suggesting a trade-off between speed and accuracy with sleep deprivation.
A new report calls for improved healthcare systems to address congenital heart disease, saving millions of children's lives. Urgent action is needed to prioritize pediatric cardiac workforce development and data collection.
Scientists at NIST have developed a new device that measures atomic-scale motion with unprecedented precision. The handheld tool can also be mass-produced to aid in sensing trace amounts of hazardous agents, perfecting robot movement, and detecting weak sound waves.
A 20-year study found that men taking a sauna 4-7 times a week were 66% less likely to be diagnosed with dementia. The study also showed a significant reduction in the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
Radiation damage hinders SAXS experiments' success due to protein aggregation and fragmentation. A new software, RADDOSE-3D extensions, calculates doses for SAXS experiments, reducing manual burden and assessing radioprotectant efficacy.
A randomized controlled pilot trial found that N-acetylcysteine combined with group cognitive behavioral therapy reduced PTSD symptoms, cravings, and depression significantly more than CBT alone. The treatment showed promising results for a difficult-to-treat population of veterans with co-occurring PTSD and substance use disorder.
Researchers used internet data to track public interest in conservation over time, finding sudden spikes linked to media coverage and seasonal events. The study suggests harnessing these peaks to aid protection efforts, using methods that are relatively cheap and produce huge sample sizes.
Scientists at Helmholtz Zentrum München discovered that the Wnt5a molecule disrupts lung cells' ability to repair damages in COPD. Stimuli like cigarette smoke lead to increased production of Wnt5a, impairing lung regeneration.
A new approach by researchers at MIT offers a way to make movable parts with no solid connections between the pieces, potentially eliminating wear and failure. The system uses a layer of liquid droplets to support a tiny, movable platform, which can be controlled electrically.
Researchers developed catalysts with tensile surface strain, improving oxygen reduction reaction activity and stability. The nanoplates showed minimal decay in catalytic activity after 50,000 voltage cycles.
Research at Roswell Park and University at Buffalo found that many hookah tobacco products have inaccurate labeling regarding nicotine content. The study revealed significant variations in nicotine and pH levels among different types of tobacco, highlighting the need for standardized testing and regulation.
Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania have identified a key player in causing neuronal damage linked to HIV treatment: the enzyme BACE1. Inhibiting this enzyme may offer a new approach to minimizing damage to neurons in patients on antiretroviral therapies.
Scientists have developed a graphene-based imaging system that can visualize tiny electric fields in liquids, allowing for precise imaging of electrical signaling networks in the heart and brain. The new method could aid in diagnosing diseases, developing lab-on-a-chip devices, and studying optoelectronics.
Scientists have discovered a mechanism that hijacks the human immune system's response to tuberculosis, revealing a key protein that turns off the call for an immune response. The protein CdnP is now considered an attractive target for a new TB drug.
Dr. Christine Faulkner has been awarded a European Research Council Consolidator Grant to investigate how plant cells communicate and coordinate responses to pathogen threats. The grant will support large-scale research on defence signals triggered by single cells and their transmission through whole plants.
A study led by Colorado State University found that outdoor recreation in protected areas leads to negative effects on wildlife, including decreased species diversity and survival rates. However, some studies suggest positive effects on certain species, such as birds and rodents, with increased abundance and reduced stress.
Researchers found that laptop use in class was linked to poorer test scores, with social media and non-academic internet use being the biggest distractions. The study suggests that encouraging students to bring laptops to class without a clear purpose can negatively impact academic performance.
Researchers developed an algorithm that extracts diverse subsets from large data sets, improving machine learning efficiency and diversity. The new method is 1 billion times faster than existing algorithms, enabling real-time analysis of vast amounts of data.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that scientific papers with a narrative style, including sensory language and emotional appeals, were more highly cited and featured in top journals. Researchers hope this work will improve scientific communication and lead to better policy decisions.
A team of researchers led by University of Wisconsin-Madison physics Professor Pupa Gilbert has discovered that mother-of-pearl can accurately record ancient ocean temperatures. By analyzing the thickness of microscopic tablet layers in nacre, they found a reliable method for measuring past climate conditions.