Researchers used CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology to identify three promising new targets for HIV infection. The study screened human genes essential for HIV replication but not for cellular survival, and identified five genes with potential therapeutic applications.
The ColoCare study, led by Huntsman Cancer Institute, aims to identify elements that impact colorectal cancer patients' survival and recovery. The study analyzes health and lifestyle factors to predict patient outcomes and determine the most effective treatments.
Researchers analyzed 125 major petroleum hydrocarbons from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill to determine their long-term environmental impact. They found that smaller, simpler compounds degrade faster, while larger ones persist longer, and that physical context plays a significant role in this process.
A new species of bird, Tingmiatornis arctica, has been discovered in the Canadian Arctic, dating back to approximately 90 million years ago. The fossil finds reveal a hyper-warm interval during the late Cretaceous period, with conditions allowing large birds to thrive.
A study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that women have a higher survival rate one year after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) than men, despite experiencing more complications. Women were more likely to undergo percutaneous TAVR and had worse health conditions at baseline.
Researchers at ICFO have created a multilayer transparent conductor with low resistance and high optical transmission, exceeding ITO's performance. The new material offers fourfold improvement in figure of merit and superior mechanical flexibility.
The American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association have released a new report outlining 10 quality and performance measures to help prevent sudden cardiac death. The measures focus on screening and treating at-risk patients, with the goal of improving patient care and outcomes.
Researchers have discovered a jet stream within the Earth's molten iron core, moving at over 40 kilometers per year and three times faster than typical outer core speeds. The discovery was made possible by the European Space Agency's Swarm satellites, which provided an unprecedented x-ray view of the planet.
Researchers aim to create genetically corrected stem cells to replace the mutated dystrophin gene in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. They plan to use induced pluripotent stem cells to produce healthy muscle progenitor cells, which will repopulate weak muscle mass.
A new study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found a significant rise in past-month marijuana use among women of reproductive age between 2002 and 2014. The prevalence increased from 2.4% to 3.9%, with higher rates among younger and pregnant women.
A national survey found that young adults who use seven to 11 social media platforms have more than three times the risk of depression and anxiety compared to those who use zero to two platforms. Multitasking, navigating platform rules, and committing social media faux pas may contribute to these negative outcomes.
Tiny starfish larvae create vortices that bring food close enough to grab while simultaneously speeding away from scarcity. This mechanism allows the larvae to make feed-versus-speed tradeoffs, optimizing their energy expenditure.
A low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet has been shown to alleviate symptoms of a rare inherited intellectual disability in mice genetically engineered with a Kabuki syndrome-like condition. The study suggests that correcting an imbalance in chromatin's open and closed states may improve mental function, offering new hope for treatment.
Researchers found a 4% lower relative risk of dying prematurely and a 5% lower relative risk of being readmitted for patients treated by female physicians. The association remained consistent across various clinical conditions and severity of illness, suggesting that patient selection did not explain the results.
The current approaches to preventing hip fractures have shown limited efficacy, with only a 50% reduction in risk. A new review suggests exploring complementary approaches and surgical interventions for patients at high risk, including prophylactic nailing and bone grafting.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic have identified a key protein, Rab10, that helps hungry liver cells locate and break down fat for energy. This discovery could lead to new treatments for fatty liver disease.
Neuroscientists identify key brain areas responsible for delusional misidentification syndromes, a group of rare disorders where patients mistake people or places for imposters. The study's findings may help patients' families cope with the condition and improve treatment options.
Scientists develop a nanoparticle-based method for delivering therapeutic molecules into cells, enabling the induction of strong immune responses against various viruses and diseases. The technique, which harnesses electrically activated gold nanoparticles, demonstrates safety and efficacy in animal studies.
Researchers at ICIQ have designed a new strategy for stereoconvergent preparation of trans-cyclopropanes from E/Z alkene mixtures. The 'radical carbenoid' method uses diiodomethane as a commercially available and easy-to-handle reagent.
Two new studies in the Journal of Quaternary Science refute the impact theory on abrupt climate change, citing flawed evidence and misidentifications. The research challenges two key lines of argument supporting the impact hypothesis, including nanodiamond concentrations and wildfire interpretations.
A new study examines the impact of structured rounding tools on multidisciplinary morning rounds, finding that these tools can improve time allocation and reduce communication breakdowns. The use of such tools can mitigate disproportionate time allocation and nearly eliminate communication errors.
A genetic biomarker, rs28714259, identifies women with breast cancer at increased risk for anthracycline-induced congestive heart failure. The marker is associated with low ventricular ejection fraction and may help oncologists provide more precise predictions of treatment risks.
Researchers found a strong correlation between circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and poor outcomes in pancreatic cancer patients. ctDNA levels were associated with disease stage, grade of differentiation, and overall survival. The study suggests that detecting ctDNA could help subclassify cancers and manage treatment.
A new study by University of East Anglia researchers found significant inequalities in Chinese household carbon footprints, with the rich producing nearly four times the national average. The study highlights the need for policies to address income inequality and promote sustainable lifestyles among all segments of society.
Research finds pregnancy alters brain structure, particularly in regions related to social cognition and self-focused processing. The study suggests an adaptive process of functional specialization towards motherhood, with potential benefits for detecting the child's emotional state.
A Dartmouth study reveals that children genetically predisposed to obesity have a stronger brain response to fast food commercials. The findings suggest that limiting exposure to food advertisements could be an effective way to combat child obesity.
Research found girls with low fundamental movement skills exhibit higher body fatness compared to boys, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies to enhance motor proficiency in girls. The study aims to understand the relationship between motor skills and obesity, suggesting that developmental delays may be a contributing factor.
Regular NSAID use associated with a 66% increased risk of dying from endometrial cancer, particularly among those who had used NSAIDs for over 10 years. However, the association did not apply to more aggressive Type 2 cancers.
Researchers found that short-term feeding of canned dog food resulted in a significant increase in BPA concentrations in dogs. The study also identified gut microbiome and metabolic changes associated with exposure to BPA from canned foods, which could have implications for human health.
A study analyzed public comments on online news articles about transgender individuals using female-only bathrooms. Men were found to be more concerned about safety and privacy, while women expressed muted concerns about potential 'perverts'. The study's findings suggest that male transphobia may be linked to traditional masculine roles.
Researchers identified four new markers of primary sclerosing cholangitis risk on the human genome, bringing the total number of known predisposing locations to 20. The study also shed light on the genetic relationship between primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease.
Researchers at The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston have developed a novel chikungunya vaccine using an insect-specific virus that doesn't affect humans. The new vaccine elicits strong immune defenses and protects mice and nonhuman primates from disease when exposed to the chikungunya virus.
A review of the NHS Health Check programme found a significant increase in diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease among attendees. The study suggests that the programme has prevented an estimated 4,600 to 8,400 heart attacks and strokes in England.
LJI researchers identified key factors controlling T cell fate, shedding light on molecular mechanisms behind T cell exhaustion. This study offers new approaches to clinical intervention strategies to modulate T cell activity and improve immune function.
Researchers found that managers across countries and cultures respond similarly to certain situations, challenging traditional views of cultural influences on management styles. The study's findings have implications for global management training and evaluation.
A research team analyzed PFIA membrane samples using infrared spectroscopy to understand water retention. They found that PFIA is better at managing water in low humidity conditions, retaining it through a hydrogen-bonded network. This improvement is crucial for further optimizing membranes and extending their operational area.
Patients who underwent weight loss surgery often experience indigestion and food intolerance, especially for high-fat or sugar content foods. The study aims to provide guidance for physicians and patients considering gastric bypass surgery.
Scientists have discovered molecular mechanisms that allow bacteria to survive antibiotic treatment and cause chronic infections. These 'persister cells' can resuscitate after treatment is abandoned, leading to relapsing infections. Understanding this phenomenon may lead to the development of novel antibiotics targeting persisters.
Researchers found that consumers believe healthier foods are more expensive, leading to incorrect perceptions of health issues. For example, participants prioritized eye health when told about a new food ingredient, but not at lower prices.
A recent study from the University of Bristol found stronger evidence that schizophrenia risk predicts cannabis use, rather than the other way round. This suggests that people with schizophrenia may use cannabis as a form of self-medication to manage symptoms.
The bionic pancreas system successfully reduced average blood glucose levels and decreased the risk of hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes living at home. The system's automated monitoring and dose delivery significantly improved blood sugar control, reducing the risk of severe hypoglycemia and nocturnal episodes.
Russian researchers developed a model to simulate dislocation behavior in uranium dioxide, enabling predictions of nuclear fuel behavior under operating conditions. This study aims to improve the understanding of nuclear fuel properties and reduce accident risks.
Researchers at DZNE discovered that astrocytes potentiate harmful electrical discharges after a stroke, leading to increased brain damage. Modulating astrocyte calcium metabolism may be a potential starting point for treating stroke in humans.
A study found that oil palm plantations act as barriers to butterflies crossing into the plantation from the rainforest. Small butterflies are more likely to cross due to their larval food sources growing in the plantation habitat.
The review highlights the need for personalized biologic dosing in rheumatoid arthritis treatment due to varying patient responses and drug concentrations. Implementing individualized doses can improve therapeutic outcomes while reducing costs.
Scientists have discovered that hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) establish metabolic boundaries between cardiomyocytes to regulate maturation and contraction of the muscle. This pathway challenges previous models on heart metabolism, playing a critical role in correct formation of ventricles.
Women are more susceptible to autoimmune diseases due to a new regulatory mechanism identified by researchers. The study found that the master regulator gene VGLL3 promotes autoimmunity in women, regardless of sex hormone involvement.
A new study suggests that local weather conditions can influence people's beliefs about global warming. In places with more record-breaking cold temperatures, residents are more likely to doubt the planet is warming. The research highlights the importance of differentiating between weather and climate.
Researchers identified four new regions of the genome associated with PSC risk, one of which is linked to increased levels of a protein called UBASH3A. The study found unique aspects to PSC biology and suggests the disease is not simply caused by IBD.
Researchers have developed a method to automatically design soft actuators for complex motions, enabling the creation of soft robots that can bend and twist like living tissues. This breakthrough streamlines the process of designing soft robots, allowing for the creation of robots with enhanced mobility and dexterity.
A systematic review of authoritative guidelines on sugar intake found that many recommendations are based on low-quality evidence. The review suggests that public health officials and consumers should be aware of these limitations when considering dietary sugar guidelines.
A worldwide clinical trial is underway to test a new investigational drug that aims to prevent and delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease. The drug, developed by Janssen Research & Development, targets the enzyme beta secretase to lower amyloid beta production.
A study published in JAMA Network found that hospitalized Medicare beneficiaries treated by female internists had lower rates of 30-day mortality and hospital readmission compared to those treated by male physicians. Female physicians were more likely to adhere to clinical guidelines and provide preventive care.
A space-based sensor has provided a continuous look at phytoplankton boom-bust cycles, revealing they are more tied to the push-pull relationship between predators and prey. The study suggests blooms start when growth rates are slow, not when rates reach a threshold rate.
A new study by RIT researchers estimates nearly 10,000 metric tons of plastic debris enter the Great Lakes every year from the US and Canada. The study found that half of this pollution goes into Lake Michigan, with Lake Erie and Ontario receiving significantly lower amounts.
Scientists at The Wistar Institute have identified a novel protein pathway in mitochondria that controls energy production for cell invasion and metastasis across multiple cancer types. This pathway, previously observed in neurons, has strong clinical implications and represents a potential therapeutic target for several types of cancer.
A centuries-old herbal medicine, artemisinin, has been found to stop TB-causing bacteria from becoming dormant, making them more sensitive to antibiotics. This could shorten treatment times and improve patient outcomes.
A large genome study has identified potential virulence factors to discriminate new Francisella species from the deadly F. tularensis bacterium. The study provides a framework for identifying new isolates and environmental detections, improving disease diagnosis and bioweapon detection.
A new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences suggests that successful fisheries management is critical to maintaining productive fish populations. The research found that science-based stock assessments, limits on fishing pressure, and adequate enforcement are key attributes of effective management systems.
A new study at George Washington University found that local weather experiences drive belief or non-belief in climate change among Americans. Record high temperatures are associated with increased acceptance of global warming, while record low temperatures contribute to skepticism.