Researchers at New York University have discovered a new verbal working memory architecture, which involves two brain networks. This finding has significant implications for the creation of artificial intelligence systems, such as speech translation tools, and may lead to improved human-like intelligence in machines.
A new study reveals that overfishing can lead to evolutionary changes in fish populations, adapting them to mature earlier and at smaller sizes. The researchers found a combination of density dependence and life-history evolution likely responsible for observed changes in fish size.
Researchers at University of Nottingham have developed a new laser scanning test to assess fire-damaged concrete structural safety. The technique uses terrestrial laser scanning to detect damage and provides an accurate assessment of the material's strength changes when heated to elevated temperatures.
Arthur Benjamin will receive the 2017 JPBM Communications Award for Public Outreach, recognizing his work in sharing mathematics with general audiences through books, TED talks, and performances. His unique blend of math and magic has engaged audiences worldwide, making him a renowned teacher, writer, and performer.
A collaborative group of insect scientists, educators, and professionals created a Bed Bugs and Book Bags curriculum to educate teachers and children about bed bugs. The program, available for free, includes hands-on activities and learning topics to promote awareness and prevention.
A study of over 3,000 families affected by mid-20th Century China's widespread starvation found that prenatal famine exposure was associated with significantly higher odds of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes in both the mother and her children. The risk persisted even when only one parent had been exposed to famine.
A Baylor University study found that Catholics are more emotionally attached to their workplaces than Evangelicals, with people having strong attachments to God also showing higher job commitment. In contrast, those without a faith tradition are the least likely to be attached to God and their workplaces.
Researchers analyzed 36 hours of calls and found that over 80% contained aggressive language, while positive words reduced problematic effects by 35%. Customers can get better service by using less aggressive language and following conversation rules.
Scientists at the University of Missouri used radioisotopes to trace essential nutrients and hormones in live corn plants, discovering that auxin is tightly regulated at the root tissue level where pests feed. This knowledge could help breeders develop resistant lines of corn and tackle global food shortages.
A Queensland University of Technology study found that hands-free mobile phone use has similar detrimental effects on driving performance as hand-held phone use. Drivers' reaction times were over 40% longer when using a phone, equating to a delayed response distance of about 11m.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that intermittent fasting inhibits the development and progression of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a type of childhood leukemia. However, fasting was ineffective against another type of blood cancer commonly affecting adults, acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Researchers identify molecule that inhibits protein responsible for converting touch to pain receptors in skin, paving way for new drug development to treat diabetic neuropathy and other nerve damage-related pain. The study shows promising results with minimal impact on non-pain related touch sensitivity.
A Penn Medicine study found that elevated levels of mutations in essential genes are significantly associated with an increased risk for ASD and decreased social skills. Researchers identified high-priority essential genes that could serve as targets for future studies and treatments.
NASA's Suomi NPP satellite captures a visible-light image of the storm, showing bands of thunderstorms around its low-level center. Tropical Cyclone Vardah brought hurricane-strength winds of 86.3 mph to areas in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
Researchers found that the position of a molecule on a catalytic surface determines the rate of bond breaking. They observed a 100-fold difference in reactivity between bonds aligned along rows and across rows of copper atoms. The discovery could lead to more selective and efficient catalysts.
Researchers identified a substance called OB-1 that suppresses neuropathic pain caused by nerve injuries or diabetes without affecting other sensations. The compound tunes down the ion channel responsible for mechanical hypersensitivity, providing a new strategy for treating painful conditions.
A University of Washington study found that 37 mountain glaciers worldwide show a high degree of signal-to-noise ratio in their retreat, indicating a strong response to climate change. The probability of natural variations explaining the observed retreats is extremely low, ranging from less than 0.001 percent to 11 percent.
A new study by the University of Colorado Boulder suggests that empowering local governments with forestry decisions can significantly reduce deforestation. By engaging local users in the decision-making process, policymakers can develop more effective and sustainable forest governance strategies.
A Brazilian government-sponsored community activity program has improved activity levels of adult women, with a significant increase in leisure-time physical activity rates. The study suggests that the program can serve as a model to reduce inequalities in physical activity worldwide.
A new study found that trauma patients define successful outcomes as returning to work, resuming family roles, achieving independence, recapturing normality, and achieving comfort. The study highlights the importance of understanding different perceptions of injury recovery among patients, family members, and clinicians.
Researchers traced neural activity patterns in mice, revealing synchronized and symmetric activity coursing around the brain. This discovery connects to enigmatic signals detected in 'resting-state' fMRI, offering new insights into brain-wide neural activity.
Researchers discover that walking heel-to-toe creates a mechanical advantage by extending the length of 'virtual legs,' making them longer than physical legs. This adaptation allows humans to be efficient walkers.
A USC study found that men and women taking statins for two years or more had a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease. High users of statins, particularly Hispanic men, saw significant drops in incidence rates.
A new study proposes a unified strategy for hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells (HEMFC) to achieve performance parity and reduce costs. The research targets metal-free catalysts, which are more cost-effective than traditional platinum-based ones.
Researchers have created a locally feasible method to estimate maternal mortality rates, providing insights into the effectiveness of local interventions. The approach has shown improved reproductive health and reduced pregnancy-related deaths in the Tigray region.
A team of researchers at UNIST has discovered the underlying physics of suppressing ELMs using magnetic perturbation. The study, published in Physical Review Letters, confirms that ELMs can be weakened by losing energy through interaction with turbulence induced by MP.
A Drexel study analyzed nearly 200,000 English-language tweets about the HPV vaccine between 2014 and 2015. The results show that 39% of tweets were positive, while negative sentiments accounted for only 25%. Prevention and protection were popular topics in positive tweets, while side effects dominated negative ones.
A pooled analysis of available data reveals that shock-absorbing insoles do not prevent injuries or stress fractures. In contrast, foot orthotics have been shown to reduce the risk of overall injury and certain types of leg and foot pain by up to 41%. However, the quality of the evidence varies, and further rigorous research is needed.
A team of researchers has identified a network of genes in the brain that contribute to epilepsy, and predicts that a known anti-epileptic drug can restore its function. The study's 'network-biology' approach may provide a faster and cheaper way to discover new treatments.
Researchers at University of Pittsburgh will develop a new simulation tool to predict microstructure evolution and stability in Inconel 718 alloy. The goal is to enable simulation-based certification of additive manufactured parts, reducing the expense of certification.
Researchers found that liposomal lidocaine combined with parental video instruction and oral sucrose significantly reduces acute pain during vaccinations. The study involved 352 healthy infants who received scheduled vaccinations, with the best results seen for those using lidocaine cream consistently.
mSphereDirect introduces rapid decisions, transparency, and speed in the peer review process, enabling authors to provide candid feedback. The new platform aims to accelerate scientific research by reducing publication timelines.
Researchers identified a small portion of the population with high-needs/high-costs as the lion's share of socially costly problems. Early interventions at preschool age showed promise in avoiding these costs.
A recent study found significant increases in past-year alcohol use, binge drinking, and alcohol use disorders among older adults, particularly women. The researchers highlight the need for healthcare providers to screen for unhealthy alcohol use in this population.
The Special Focus Issue covers multi-analyte measurement of endogenous metabolites using various technologies and statistical techniques. It provides new tools for discovering novel biomarkers in precision medicine.
A study by Vanderbilt University found that cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is most effective in improving daily functioning for IBS patients. Cognitive behavioral therapies were found to be the most effective type of psychotherapy in reducing symptoms and increasing ability to participate in activities.
A new study has developed an electrical immunosensor that can detect heart attacks within a minute using human serum. The system works by measuring the level of cardiac troponin I, a protein excreted by the heart muscle after a heart attack. This novel immunosensor holds considerable potential for use in biomedical diagnosis.
Research from the University of Southampton found that the world's wet regions are getting wetter and dry regions are getting drier, with a change of about 2% over the last 60 years. This process is called amplification of the water cycle, which is happening at a slower rate than previously predicted.
A new approach to analyzing big data has been developed at Columbia University, Princeton and Harvard University. The Influence score, or I-score, is a statistic that can identify highly predictive variables in large datasets. This method has potential applications in predicting diseases, social science phenomena, and financial markets.
Scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center are developing a new method to track ocean heat using satellite magnetic field observations. The approach relies on the electrical conductivity of seawater and its temperature fluctuations, which can be detected from subtle changes in Earth's magnetic field lines.
A recent study by the University of Pennsylvania found that cigarette packaging warning labels with images of real smokers who were harmed by their habit increased quit attempts and success rates. The study, which tested pictorial warning labels, showed that these labels consistently outperformed text-only labels.
A team of astronomers discovered that a massive flare in a distant galaxy was actually a tidal disruption event caused by a rapidly spinning supermassive black hole. The finding marks the first time a TDE has been used to study black hole spin, providing new insights into stellar death.
The proportion of rural infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome increased significantly between 2004 and 2013. This geographic disparity highlights the urgent need for policymakers to appropriate funding for clinicians and programs that could improve access to opioid prevention and treatment services for rural women and children.
Scientists found that men who listened to AC/DC performed slower and made more mistakes in the game Operation compared to those listening to Mozart or an operating theatre sound. Women, on the other hand, were not affected by the music genre they listened to.
About 1 in 6 US adults take psychiatric drugs, with use increasing with age and women more likely to report use. The study found higher rates of prescription use among older adults and those over 60 taking antipsychotics.
A German research team developed a high-power, pulsed optical laser synchronized with the XFEL pulses, offering tunability in wavelength and pulse duration. The laser system will be published in Optics Express and is designed for experiments at atomic-scale measurements.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology found that the loss of TET proteins hinders T cell maturation and promotes aberrant proliferation, leading to a lethal disease resembling lymphoma. The study's findings suggest that TET proteins serve as tumor suppressors and may help block malignancy in cancers marked by TET mutations.
Researchers create method to detect C. parvum in source waters, improving public health protection. The calcium-mediated attachment of oocysts to environmental biofilms enables faster and cheaper detection.
A recent study published in Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience found that physical exercise can help preserve adult visual plasticity in mice and restore it after a stroke. This suggests that exercise may be used as a preventive or therapeutic approach to aid recovery after a cortical stroke.
Researchers from UNIST and Rutgers University successfully produced high-quality graphene using microwaves, eliminating oxygen exposure that degrades properties. The new technique may solve long-standing manufacturing challenges, enabling affordable mass commercialization of graphene.
Researchers are exploring the dynamics between a gene that regulates fat metabolism and a protein that makes lipid droplets available for energy in heart cells. They hope to understand how this imbalance can lead to heart failure and find ways to intervene, such as by regulating lipid use and maintaining balance.
Researchers discovered three distinct subgroups of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours (ATRTs), a highly malignant type of brain cancer in children. The study identified promising drugs to target each subgroup, offering new hope for personalized treatment.
Frailty is a common condition in older adults that affects physiological reserves and organ function. European experts recommend assessing frailty and tailoring cardiac rehabilitation programs to its severity, with the goal of reducing disability, improving quality of life, and mortality.
A new study finds that middle-aged patients with psychosis are incurring significant costs in long-term care facilities and with hospitalization, highlighting the need to address both mental and physical health in younger patients. Chronic psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, are associated with high health care costs due to you...
Researchers developed a new heart imaging test that analyzes longitudinal strain to predict patient survival after stem cell transplant. The test outperformed conventional biomarkers and detected improvements before changes in traditional echocardiographic measures.
The new method minimizes waste generation and energy consumption, allowing for the recycling of rare-earth metals at a higher rate. By pairing specific ions, the researchers can filter out individual metal cations, enabling their separation and recovery.
A new study found that socially isolated breast cancer survivors had a 40% higher risk of recurrence, a 60% higher risk of dying from breast cancer, and a 70% higher risk of dying from any cause. Women with larger social networks experienced better outcomes.
A team of researchers at Colorado State University is investigating the use of a test developed to detect early-stage chronic wasting disease in deer to identify the onset of brain disorders, including concussion-related trauma, in humans. The test may also be used to detect misfolded proteins found in people with Alzheimer's, Parkinso...
A new study found that even with optimized yields, sub-Saharan Africa will not meet its grain demand by 2050. Closing the yield gap requires a large acceleration in farming practices and investments in agricultural development. The region must prioritize strategic investments to upgrade infrastructure and ensure food security.
Scientists have linked a new class of bacterial enzymes to the chronic lung inflammation hallmark of cystic fibrosis. The discovery provides two potential strategies for interrupting or correcting this interference by opportunistic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.