A new theory of infant language learning suggests that visual experience plays a key role in early word acquisition, with common objects emerging as first words. The study's findings have implications for the treatment of children with language deficits and autism.
The latest ASCB celldance videos offer an immersive look at living cells through powerful imaging technologies. The three selected labs showcased their research using innovative storytelling methods, including spoken word and animation. The videos provide a glimpse into the intricate cellular dance of life.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have found that an immunotherapy drug called nivolumab can induce lasting remissions in patients with recurrent or refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma and primary testicular lymphoma. Four out of five patients treated with the drug showed a complete response to treatment.
Plant scientists have developed a new classification system for European vegetation, consisting of 1298 basic-level types. The system aims to standardize classifications across the continent, aiding the European Union Nature Information System.
Researchers at Eindhoven University of Technology developed a new type of solar cell using perovskite material. The addition of a thin layer of aluminum oxide improved the stability of the cell against humidity and increased its yield by 3%.
Research found that pubic hair grooming is associated with a heightened risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections, particularly among high frequency and intensity groomers. Grooming was linked to an 80% increased risk of infection, with certain practices causing higher risks for specific infections.
A new study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health reveals that only 12% of older Americans have dental insurance, and those who do often face high bills. The research found that income is a significant predictor of receiving dental care, with high-income beneficiaries more likely to receive care than low-income ones.
A research team at the University of Basel has discovered a cancer type-specific 'signature' based on ribosomal protein expression. This signature may serve as a prognostic marker for cancer and point towards new therapeutic opportunities, with a strong relationship found between the signature in breast cancer and relapse-free survival.
The phase 2 portion of the ZUMA-1 study using KTE-C19 CAR-T therapy achieved complete remission in all 6 patients with refractory primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma or transformed follicular lymphoma, with manageable toxicities. The treatment was well-tolerated, with grade 3 adverse events occurring in 17% of patients.
Researchers developed low-cost 3D printed organ models of varying size and shape to aid in determining optimal dosing for individual patients. The study demonstrates the potential of 3D printing technology for clinical prototyping, particularly in quantitative SPECT/CT imaging.
The integration of EMRs and patient portals is changing healthcare delivery by providing actionable data for doctors to make informed decisions. This shift towards a more patient-centered approach enables personalized care, improved health outcomes, and enhanced patient engagement.
A recent study reveals that syphilis has re-emerged globally, primarily caused by a pandemic strain cluster named SS14-Ω. This cluster exhibits high levels of antibiotic resistance, particularly to azithromycin, posing a significant public health concern. The researchers hope that their findings will contribute to a better understandin...
The new device produces clearer images through 3D printed lenses, allowing doctors and surgeons to have greater control and precision in non-invasive diagnostic procedures and medical surgeries. The technology has the potential to reduce image distortions and accurately differentiate cancerous from non-cancerous soft tissue.
Researchers develop a simple processing technique to manufacture single-layer organic polymer solar cells, reducing production costs and enabling widespread adoption. The new method offers a simpler alternative to existing methods and has the potential to transform organic photovoltaics into commercial technology.
New research reveals that human-provided food shortens bears' hibernation period by up to 56%, leading to increased interactions with other species and humans. This study has important management implications for bear conservation.
The study used DNA barcoding to identify insects from Malaise trap samples, assigning species names to 35% of specimens. The workflow for semi-automated identification was efficient, but coverage gaps remain, particularly for Diptera and Hymenoptera.
Researchers at Osaka University discovered that RNA editing of CAPS1 affects vesicle exocytosis, leading to increased physical activity and lower body weight in mice. This study reveals the importance of RNA editing in regulating physiological processes.
Plant biologists have developed a new CRISPR/Cas9 vector that efficiently knocks out genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, improving the method for genome engineering in various plant species. This breakthrough enables the study of genetic functions and potential applications in crops like Brassica napus.
Repeated dieting can cause weight gain as the brain interprets diets as short famines and urges people to store more fat for future shortages. This phenomenon, known as yo-yo dieting, may explain why people struggle to keep weight off after trying low-calorie diets.
The winter floods of 2015/2016 in the UK were the most extreme on record, with record peak flows at several rivers and a estimated insurance bill of over £1.3 billion. The floods affected 16,000 properties in England, causing life-changing financial losses and incredible stress to those impacted.
Researchers and patient advocates emphasize the importance of new care models in combating lung cancer. Dr. Laurie Gaspar discusses the benefits of shared decision-making and Patient Decision Aids, while Dr. Raymond Osarogiagbon highlights the effectiveness of Center of Excellence programs in underserved areas.
Researchers at King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST) studied rice plant responses to moderately saline conditions and pinpointed new salt tolerance genetic loci. They found that growth rate diminished in salt-treated soils, with indica lines faring better than aus varieties, highlighting significant genetic differences.
Researchers at Weizmann Institute of Science found that gut microbes contribute to recurrent 'yo-yo' obesity, with a 'memory' of previous obesity retained after dieting. They developed new treatments using fecal microbiome transplantation and flavonoids, which may help alleviate the obesity epidemic.
Researchers at KAUST developed a catalog of compounds formed during methane combustion, revealing surprising findings on ion formation and behavior. The study proposes improvements to simulate ion formation and behavior, with potential applications in more efficient gas turbines and less polluting power plants.
Over 300 participants from 80 nations share expertise on torture rehabilitation, addressing issues like Syria's refugee crisis and Guantanamo Bay survivors' denied rehabilitation. The symposium aims to deliver on the right to rehabilitation, a UN-recognized right for victims of torture.
A new study reveals that dingoes help reduce the spread of woody shrubs in Australian deserts by controlling small mammal populations. The research found that areas with fewer dingoes had higher rates of shrub cover and lower rates of seed removal, leading to a cascade effect where shrubs can thrive without top predators.
A large analysis of current research reveals that consuming at least 20g of nuts per day can significantly reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, cancer, and premature death. The study found a 30% reduction in heart disease risk, a 15% reduction in cancer risk, and a 22% reduction in premature death risk.
The deep meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the South China Sea has made significant progress, driven by the Luzon Strait overflow and enhanced cyclonic circulation. The study reveals an unclosed 'sandwich' structure with upwelling areas primarily located in slope regions.
Research reveals women with dementia have fewer visits to the GP, receive less health monitoring, and take more potentially harmful medication than men. Women are at particular risk of staying on antipsychotic or sedative medication for longer due to fewer check-ups.
A Melbourne-based team has developed a vaccine for chronic periodontitis, aiming to reduce the need for surgery and antibiotics. The vaccine targets enzymes produced by a specific bacterium, triggering an immune response that neutralizes its toxins.
The phase 3 ECOG-ACRIN E2905 Intergroup Study found that lenalidomide plus epoetin alpha resulted in improved major erythroid response rates and a similar toxicity profile compared to lenalidomide alone. This combination therapy showed significant benefits for patients with lower-risk, erythropoietin-refractory MDS.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University developed a portable sensor called ClotChip that can quickly and accurately assess blood's clotting ability. This technology has the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of blood clots, allowing for faster and more precise assessments.
A study by The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center found pre-leukemic mutations can predict the development of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs), a leukemia with poor prognosis. Patients with these mutations are at higher risk, and detecting them earlier could help prevent or treat t-MNs.
A small early-phase trial of CAR T-cell immunotherapy developed at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center showed a high percentage of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) experienced tumor shrinkage or disappearance after treatment. The therapy targeted CD19, a molecule found on the surface of CLL cells.
The study estimates 17.5 million cancer cases and 8.7 million cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2015, with prostate cancer being the most common in men and breast cancer in women. The report also highlights an increase in cancer incidence due to aging and demographic changes.
Researchers reported the highest and most sustained levels of clotting factor IX in hemophilia B patients after a single dose of experimental gene therapy. Patients were able to discontinue factor infusions and engage in normal activities without disabling bleeding episodes, significantly improving their quality of life.
CPX-351 significantly improved 100-day mortality rates and overall survival in older untreated secondary AML patients receiving hematopoietic cell transplants. The treatment also demonstrated better median overall survival compared to standard 7+3 cytarabine and daunorubicin therapy.
Researchers from UH Rainbow presented data on improving clinical outcomes for pediatric hematologic disorders, including findings on acquired aplastic anemia treatment algorithms and red blood cell transfusions in critically ill children. The studies aimed to improve long-term outcomes and transplant options for these rare diseases.
A global multicenter trial of CAR T cells reported high complete response rates (82%) in children and young adults with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A single-center pilot trial using humanized CAR T cells showed comparable effectiveness with reduced side effects.
Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who were initially ineligible for clinical trials due to existing medical conditions responded well to treatment with azacitidine (AZA) and vorinostat. Sixty-day survival rates were 83% and 79% respectively, with low-grade gastrointestinal side effects reported.
Scientists at the University of Sussex have invented a new method to build large-scale quantum computers using voltages on microchips, rather than aligning laser beams. This breakthrough enables the construction of universal quantum computers with potentially revolutionary applications in fields like materials science and medicine.
Researchers have identified the cluster of genes responsible for reproductive traits in Primula flowers, which Charles Darwin first noted as important over 150 years ago. The study reveals that these genes, controlled by a supergene known as the S locus, are specific to one form of flower and date back 51.7 million years.
A dose-response analysis found that pregnant women who take selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in early pregnancy are at a small but significantly greater risk of having babies with major congenital anomalies or stillbirths. The study analyzed data from over 500,000 infants and recommended enhanced scans for women prescrib...
The study introduces tunneling modulation of a quantum well transistor laser, enabling fast carrier transport and recombination. This technology relies on intra-cavity photon-assisted tunneling, which enhances optical absorption and modulation in transistors and lasers.
Researchers found that only 20% of applications and publications reported use of bias-reducing methods, but 86% of participants claimed to assign animals randomly to treatment groups. The study recommends more education and training for those involved in animal research to ensure scientific rigor.
A study published by the Radiological Society of North America found that short-term sleep deprivation in 24-hour shift workers can lead to significant increases in cardiac contractility, blood pressure, and heart rate. The researchers also observed increased levels of stress hormones and thyroid hormones.
Coastal Indigenous communities consume an average of 74 kilograms of seafood per capita, compared to the global average of 19 kilograms. The study emphasizes the importance of considering food sovereignty and cultural identity in fisheries policy and Indigenous human rights.
A recent study by University of Nevada, Reno geophysicists suggests that the Kathmandu region is vulnerable to a more powerful earthquake than the 2015 Gorkha quake. The research indicates that the Himalayan Frontal Fault has reached a stage of strain accumulation prior to a potential major thrust earthquake.
A longitudinal population-based study found that menopausal women experience an accelerated decline in lung function, with declines in forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second comparable to severe smoking. The study highlights the importance of maintaining respiratory health long after the menopausal transition.
Johns Hopkins researchers have identified a critical cellular switch that turns on the inflammatory immune response contributing to asthma attacks. By inhibiting this pathway, they may be able to prevent continued inflammation and long-term structural changes in the lungs.
A study published in Optometry and Vision Science found that cataracts are associated with higher rates of depressive symptoms in older adults, regardless of education level or socioeconomic status. Symptoms were more common in women and those with lower vision acuity.
E-cigarettes are effective at delivering nicotine, particularly for experienced users. The study found that newer generation e-cigarettes outperform first-generation devices in terms of nicotine delivery. However, the efficacy of e-cigarettes also depends on individual behavior and vaping habits.
An international team of scientists has discovered that the biggest galaxies in the universe develop in cosmic clouds of cold gas. The study used radio telescopes to investigate an embryonic galaxy cluster, where they found a cloud of very cold gas where galaxies were merging.
UCLA researchers Patricia Keating and Jody Kreiman analyzed recordings from 50 women to identify acoustic parameters distinguishing their voices. The study aims to understand which characteristics make a speaker's voice recognizable and how much change is perceptible to listeners.
A randomized, controlled study found that sodium thiosulfate prevents cisplatin-induced hearing loss in children and adolescents with cancer, with a 29% reduction in hearing loss compared to cisplatin alone. The greatest benefit was seen in children younger than 5 years old.
A new test has identified a gene signature related to the immune response in liver tissue of patients with high-risk Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC), a rare autoimmune condition. The test allows for early intervention with alternative treatments, increasing chances of success and potentially staving off the need for a liver transplant.
A new study suggests that maintaining a few orange-lined triggerfish increases the ability of coral reefs to grow by preying on reef-eroding sea urchins. This finding is significant as coral reefs face threats from rising sea levels and ocean temperatures.
Researchers developed a high-precision sensor to measure small variations in strong magnetic fields, enabling the detection of mechanical processes in the body. The technique has broad applications in medicine and biological research, including the development of new contrast agents for MRI.
Mothers with repetitive and self-focused negative thoughts have poorer-quality relationships with their babies. Researchers found that rumination reduces maternal sensitivity to infants, regardless of depressive symptoms. This study suggests strategies can help manage rumination and improve parenting.
Researchers identified altered genes and noncoding genetic material that could serve as predictive treatment biomarkers or targets for therapy. The study found that ATRX mutations were associated with aggressive NF1-related brain cancers, while a microRNA called miR-487b was underexpressed in tumor tissue.