Random temperature fluctuations in the mantle and on the surface could be the reason Earth is a habitable world, while other terrestrial planets are inhospitable. Additionally, commercial oyster farming can restore biodiversity by cleaning polluted waterways.
A scoring system, known as Dr. Logan's triage tool, can help law enforcement identify high-risk individuals who may pose a threat to criminal justice officials. The tool assesses danger-related factors such as rule breaking, violence at a young age, and substance abuse to predict attacks against police, judges, and other officials.
Researchers at McMaster University have demonstrated that early in-bed cycling sessions can safely start with critically ill ICU patients. The TryCYCLE study shows cycling within four days of mechanical ventilation can help these patients walk farther upon hospital discharge.
A study by NC State researchers analyzed 183 phytophthora infestans samples from across the globe to track the pathogen's movement. FAM-1 lineage was found in US, Europe, and Colombia, suggesting a South American origin. The pathogen has caused massive disease outbreaks worldwide, with billions spent annually on control measures.
A new study reveals a niche market opportunity for locally cultivated lotus rhizomes in the US, with participants preferring stir-fry over other preparations. The research suggests potential demand for fresh lotus rhizomes among health-conscious individuals.
The reports found that CMS' proposed criteria for special considerations would result in many radiologists being evaluated using measures not reflective of their practice. Alternative criteria could help ensure fair opportunities for success in performance review under MIPS.
A special section in the Neurophotonics journal presents research in super-resolution microscopy, revealing new techniques to study neural structure and function. The findings have significant implications for understanding neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Researchers found that susceptible bacteria can survive longer when resistant bacteria are present and even outcompete them. This new understanding can inform doctors on how to use antibiotics more effectively, but also highlights the need for a personalized-medicine approach.
A recent study published in JAMA found that patients on the same hospital ward are at increased risk of their own medical crises when a neighboring patient becomes critically ill. The odds of a second patient experiencing a comparable crisis increase by up to 53% if two critical-illness events occur within a six-hour period.
Researchers at UC San Diego developed practical strategies for building and coordinating balloons within hurricanes, using GPS and cellphone-grade sensors. The approach leverages control theory to distribute balloons horizontally and mitigate turbulence fluctuations, enabling improved in-situ sampling and forecasts.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University analyzed 15,000 bat vocalizations to identify concrete evidence of socially sophisticated species that learns communication. They found that bat calls contain information about the identity of the caller and addressee, as well as specific aggressive context and possible outcome of conversation.
A recent study on Bahama pupfish has identified 12 million single DNA mutations associated with jaw size differences and specialized diets. The researchers found novel candidate genes linked to large jaws and small jaws, highlighting the complexity of ecological specialization in this species.
Scientists at JGU and MIT achieved billion-fold reproducible motion of special magnetic textures, called skyrmions, between different positions, taking a critical step towards applying skyrmions in spintronic devices. The skyrmion Hall angle was also investigated, revealing an unexpected dependency on the velocity of the skyrmions.
Researchers from Osaka University investigated how neuronal activity influences CREB dynamics and its interactions with the cAMP response element (CRE). They found that neuronal activity increases CREB-CRE interactions, leading to increased binding of CREB to specific genomic sites.
A new study by USC researchers finds that US families provide nearly $36 billion in uncompensated medical care to children with special health care needs each year. These caregivers spend an estimated 5.1 hours per week providing care, which can be time-intensive and emotionally stressful.
A new analysis of US health spending reveals that just 20 conditions account for half of all spending, with diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and low back and neck pain being the top three. Total personal health care spending reached $2.4 trillion in 2013, with women aged 85 and older spending the most per person on healthcare.
A team of Vanderbilt researchers has cleared a major hurdle in their quest to develop an Alzheimer's treatment, with the FDA approving its first human trial. The investigational drug aims to target major pathologies of the disease and selectively activate a key receptor in the brain.
Researchers found that high-intensity light treatment significantly increases anthocyanin content in rough bluegrass, comparable to or greater than many common fruits and vegetables. This study suggests using turfgrasses like rough bluegrass as a sustainable source for anthocyanin extract production.
Research shows homeless people sleep an average of 6 hours and 31 minutes per night, with 8% reporting less than four hours of sleep. Homeless women are twice as likely to experience insomnia compared to men, and 33% report daytime fatigue.
Einstein secured over $160 million in NIH funding in 2016 to support major research projects in aging, intellectual and developmental disabilities, diabetes, cancer, and infectious diseases. The grants also enabled the establishment of new research centers and collaborations with Montefiore Medical Center.
A study found that campus composting programs effectively raise students' knowledge of composting and environmental issues. The programs also promote a more internal locus of control, encouraging students to take action towards solving future environmental problems.
A new study found that teen perception of marijuana's harmfulness decreased by 14.2% and 16.1% in Washington's 8th- and 10th-graders after recreational legalization, while marijuana use increased by 2.0% and 4.1%. No changes were seen in Colorado.
Researchers discovered that cadherin clusters prevent cortical deformation by acting as structural anchors in the cell membrane. This new function of non-junctional cadherin clusters regulates cortical movement and stability, allowing for essential processes like cytokinesis to occur without dramatic changes.
A global analysis of marketed complementary foods found a widespread lack of consistency in their nutritional content. Only 15% met benchmarks for fat content and under 25% met standards for iron and zinc.
Researchers at Kyoto University found that the Myc gene regulates stem cell self-renewal in mice, leading to a slower rate of proliferation and impaired energy production. This discovery may lead to new treatments for infertility by stimulating sperm cell metabolism.
A recent genome study has identified a 'gray zone' of animals that are in the process of transitioning from one to two species. This zone is characterized by intermediate molecular divergence and semi-permeable genomes, where some genes are freely exchanged between populations.
Researchers developed a cloud-screening scheme for the TANSAT satellite, utilizing radiance data from another satellite to improve performance. The new scheme shows improved results compared to existing methods and is more efficient for sensors with limited channels.
A study by LA BioMed and UCLA researchers found that over 50% of hospital ICU admissions could have been cared for in less expensive settings. Nearly 65% of ICU days were allocated to discretionary monitoring, which is not necessary for patients who are too well or too sick.
A new study found that hospitals financially penalized for high readmissions reduced readmissions across all conditions, with larger reductions for target conditions. Hospitals responded positively to external policy initiatives, but further improvements are sought.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that mutations driving endometrial cancer can be detected in uterine lavage fluid of pre- and post-menopausal women, regardless of their cancer status. The presence of these mutations was positively associated with age and post-menopause, highlighting the potential for non-invasive screening met...
A national study led by Boston Children's Hospital found that families provide an estimated $36 billion worth of unpaid medical care to 5.6 million children with special health care needs. The study also estimates a loss of $18 billion in household income due to parents taking time off work to care for their children.
A combination of metformin and syrosingopine drives cancer cells to programmed 'suicide' by blocking their energy supply, inhibiting growth and inducing tumor cell death. The treatment shows promise for targeting the energy needs of tumor cells.
The Friendship Bench program has shown significant results in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms among participants. After six weekly therapy sessions, patients who received problem-solving therapy on the benches had fewer symptoms of depression (14%) compared to those in a control group (50%). The program has the potential to im...
Researchers at TUM develop new simulation software that combines flow mechanics and flight dynamics in real-time, allowing pilots to prepare for challenging situations like flying near ships or mountains. The program has been validated with reference models and will be tested with experienced pilots.
Researchers found that pairing cool-season cash crops like onion, broccoli, and lettuce with warm-season cover crops can alleviate challenges in midscale organic production. The study suggests that these rotations can produce high-value certified organic vegetables while maintaining soil organic carbon.
Healthcare spending on children in the US grew from $149.6 billion in 1996 to $233.5 billion in 2013, with the highest expenditures on well-newborn care, ADHD treatment, and dental care. The study highlights the need to analyze driving factors behind increased healthcare spending to determine its impact on processes and outcomes.
Tropical Storm Nock-ten is weakening due to wind shear, with its low-level center located south of a large area of convection and thunderstorms. The storm's shape has changed, taking on characteristics of a frontal system, indicating a decline in strength.
A study found that marijuana legalization significantly reduced perceptions of harm in eighth- and 10th-graders, but increased past-month use by 2-4% in Washington state. No change was seen in Colorado. The authors attribute the increase in teen use to reduced stigma and perceived risk after legalization.
Scientists at the University of the Basque Country have created coatings for dental implants that can prevent bacterial colonization and adhesion. The new coatings were developed using sol-gel synthesis and added antibacterial agents, achieving successful results in preventing osseointegration problems and infections.
Scientists have developed a method to predict full-scale algae blooms in lakes and reservoirs, enabling resource managers to take action before they develop. Automated monitoring systems that identify regime shifts can detect early warnings more than two weeks prior to the bloom.
Researchers have developed synthetic stem cells that mimic natural cardiac stem cells, promoting tissue repair and reducing risks of tumor growth and immune rejection. These cells are more durable, can be used off-the-shelf, and can tolerate harsh freezing and thawing.
Researchers have created a novel method called RESA to identify mRNA-regulatory sequences in embryos, providing insights into the maternal-to-zygote transition and gene regulation. This breakthrough has broad applications for studying genetics and biology across various species.
The cheetah is sprinting towards extinction with only 7,100 individuals remaining, highlighting the need for landscape-wide conservation efforts. The species' dramatic decline is driven by habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict, and illegal trafficking, requiring a paradigm shift in conservation approaches.
Researchers have discovered a potential treatment for Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a rare genetic disorder affecting children, by activating silenced genes. The NIH-funded study found that two drugs, UNC0638 and UNC0642, improved survival and growth outcomes in mice with PWS.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have successfully tested nanodiscs in mice for personalized cancer immunotherapy. The therapeutic vaccine targets cancer mutations and generates T-cells that recognize unique neoantigens, leading to the elimination of cancer cells.
A new analysis found that hospitals with high readmission rates for Medicare patients with certain health conditions saw significant decreases after the passage of the Affordable Care Act's Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program. The poorest performing hospitals achieved the greatest reductions in readmission rates, suggesting that fi...
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have identified a potential treatment for Prader-Willi syndrome using G9a inhibitors. The study suggests that these small molecules can activate the maternal copy of the gene responsible for the disorder, leading to improved growth and lifespan in mice with Prader-Willi syndrome.
A team of New York University scientists found that emotional experiences can induce physiological states that persist for long periods, influencing future experience recall. Non-emotional experiences following emotional ones were also better remembered.
A new study reveals that cancer cells can develop resistance to proteasome inhibitors by suppressing the expression of proteasome subunits, leading to a broadly altered cell state with unique vulnerabilities. This finding may expose opportunities for targeted therapies that can be effective against diverse cancers.
Researchers at Osaka University have found that calcium ions control chromosome condensation during mitosis, preventing misalignment and promoting compaction. This discovery sheds light on the mechanisms behind chromosome structure and organization.
Researchers at the University of York have identified genetic markers for disease tolerance in UK ash trees, suggesting they may be able to withstand a devastating fungal infection. This discovery could contribute to breeding new varieties of ash that are tolerant to the disease.
A new study finds that individuals with symptoms at increased risk for heart disease are more likely to have shoulder problems, including joint pain and rotator cuff injury. The research suggests that controlling blood pressure and other heart risk factors may alleviate shoulder discomfort.
Scientists measured the proportion of unstable particles in dark matter after the Big Bang, finding it was no more than 2-5%. This discrepancy can be explained by decaying dark matter hypothesis, suggesting dark matter decayed over time.
A study published in Nature discovered that fat utilization is required for the development and growth of lymphatic vessels, a key route for cancer cell spread. Researchers found that inhibiting fat usage can control lymphatic vessel growth, offering new avenues for preventing metastasis and treating complications like lymphedema.
Researchers use diamondoids to assemble atoms into the thinnest possible electrical wires, just three atoms wide. This technique has the potential to create new materials with finely tuned electronic properties and interesting physics.
Scientists have sequenced the ash tree genome, which aids the breeding of resistant trees against ash dieback fungus. The UK is home to over 1,000 species that rely on ash trees, making their conservation crucial.
Researchers have developed a novel GAL4-UAS system for C. elegans, allowing for systematic perturbation of the nervous system and creation of a database linking neural activity to behaviors. This 'breadboard' system enables precise control of neural activity, simplifying the study of nervous system function.
Researchers at Tufts University have developed a method to embed functional elements in silk-based materials, creating mechanical components that can change color with strain or respond to light. These materials have potential applications in orthopedics, surgery, and household goods.
A recent study by Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center researchers found that a specific long non-coding RNA, LINC00961, plays a key role in regulating the activity of the mTORC1 protein complex. This complex is involved in various cellular processes including translation, metabolism, cell growth and proliferation.
Researchers have found that activating the protein Nrf2 can restore normal levels of disease-causing proteins in cells, preventing cell death. In models of Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, Nrf2 was shown to protect cells against the disease better than any other treatment.