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Science News Archive 2016 - Page 365


Page 365 of 423

UA College of Pharmacy faculty member develops inhalers to treat lung diseases

Dr. Heidi M. Mansour investigates and designs innovative treatments, including new drugs and advanced delivery mechanisms, to treat unmet medical needs in lung diseases such as COPD, asthma, and cystic fibrosis. Her goal is to see these dry powder inhalers end up on pharmacy shelves, helping patients live better lives.

SourceUniversity of Arizona, College of Pharmacy·JournalExpert Opinion on Drug Delivery·DateFeb 22, 2016

Toddler screening essential for autism detection despite national task force's reservation

Early screening is crucial for detecting autism in toddlers, as it can diagnose symptoms around the second birthday, compared to a fourth birthday without screening. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends universal screening, which has been shown to improve treatment outcomes and reduce disparities in diagnosis.

SourceDrexel University·JournalJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders·DateFeb 22, 2016
Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only)

Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only) delivers reliable low-light performance and rugged build for astrophotography, lab documentation, and field expeditions.

Zebrafish embryos exposed to atrazine pass on health problems to their young

Zebrafish exposed to atrazine during embryonic development exhibited reproductive problems, including swollen abdomens and breeding complications, in their young. The study also found physical deformations, such as decreased head length to body length ratio, and increased progesterone levels in affected parents.

SourcePurdue University·JournalScientific Reports·DateFeb 22, 2016

Which discipline or reward is best for your child?

A new study by the University of Michigan explores how children perceive fairness in discipline practices. Preschool-age children tend to favor giving equal rewards or punishments, while older children and adults prefer a more merit-based approach.

SourceUniversity of Michigan·JournalDevelopmental Psychology·DateFeb 22, 2016

Worm study may resolve discrepancies in research on aging

A recent Brown University-led study has resolved long-standing discrepancies in research on aging by identifying the human chemotherapy drug FUdR as a key factor. The study found that FUdR triggers stress response and DNA repair pathways in C. elegans worms, allowing them to better endure adverse conditions and lengthening their lifespan.

SourceBrown University·JournalMechanisms of Ageing and Development·DateFeb 22, 2016
SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB

SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB transfers large imagery and model outputs quickly between field laptops, lab workstations, and secure archives.

Redefining sepsis: An international effort to improve patient outcomes

An international task force has updated definitions of sepsis and septic shock to bring clarity to diagnosis and treatment. The new definitions include the quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) to help clinicians diagnose septic patients and start life-saving treatment.

SourceUniversity of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences·JournalJAMA·DateFeb 22, 2016

FDA-approved ALK IHC CDx superior to another IHC assay for patient selection

A recent study published in Journal of Thoracic Oncology found that the FDA-approved VENTANA anti-ALK(D5F3)CDx assay is superior to the 5A4 IHC assay for selecting patients with non-small cell lung cancer eligible for ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment.

SourceInternational Association for the Study of Lung Cancer·JournalJournal of Thoracic Oncology·DateFeb 22, 2016

Global study of ICU patients finds 10 percent have often-fatal ARDS

A global study of ICU patients found that 10.4% develop Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), a condition with high mortality rates. The study also revealed inconsistent approaches to managing ARDS, including inadequate ventilation strategies and underuse of protective mechanical ventilation.

SourceSt. Michael's Hospital·JournalJAMA·DateFeb 22, 2016

How do children feel about their lives?

The 'Children's World' study found that most eight-year-old children (62%) liked going to school, while a minority reported being left out or hit by classmates. Children in some countries had lower life satisfaction, with safety and well-being varying by region.

SourceGoethe University Frankfurt·JournalChild Abuse & Neglect·DateFeb 22, 2016

Benefits of taking the natural pigment astaxanthin

A University of Tsukuba study found that astaxanthin promotes neurogenesis in the hippocampus and elevates learning and memory capacity. The research discovered specific molecular pathways contributing to improved memory capacity, paving the way for targeted mechanisms in medical food development.

SourceUniversity of Tsukuba·JournalMolecular Nutrition & Food Research·DateFeb 22, 2016
GQ GMC-500Plus Geiger Counter

GQ GMC-500Plus Geiger Counter logs beta, gamma, and X-ray levels for environmental monitoring, training labs, and safety demonstrations.

Modified laser cutter prints 3-D objects from powder

Rice researchers develop an open-source laser sintering platform that can print intricate 3D objects from powdered plastics and biomaterials. The system costs significantly less than commercial counterparts and allows researchers to work with their own specialized materials.

SourceRice University·JournalPLOS ONE·DateFeb 22, 2016

Can gene therapy provide a breakthrough in Alzheimer's disease?

Researchers have identified multiple gene therapy approaches to treat Alzheimer's disease, including boosting neuroprotection, increasing autophagy-related proteins, and regulating lipid metabolism. These strategies aim to address the underlying neuropathological changes associated with the disease.

SourceMary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News·JournalHuman Gene Therapy·DateFeb 22, 2016

Research warns about the sleep disturbances in patients with cancer

A study of 105 cancer patients found significant sleep disturbances before radiotherapy treatment. These problems were associated with cancer progression, prior treatments like chemotherapy, and anxiety. Researchers warn that addressing these issues is crucial for improving patient quality of life.

SourceUniversity of Granada·JournalEuropean Journal of Oncology Nursing·DateFeb 22, 2016
Apple iPhone 17 Pro

Apple iPhone 17 Pro delivers top performance and advanced cameras for field documentation, data collection, and secure research communications.

Perception: Brain integrates features directly to patterns

A philosopher at Ruhr-University Bochum argues that our brain constructs complex contents immediately upon spotting an object, integrating typical features into a pattern. This process is evident in both individual and social perception, and has evolutionary significance.

SourceRuhr-University Bochum·JournalSynthese·DateFeb 22, 2016

Web search study finds a 'Charlie Sheen effect' on HIV prevention

A Johns Hopkins study found record highs in domestic news coverage of HIV and Google searches for information about HIV and HIV prevention following Charlie Sheen's HIV-positive disclosure on NBC's TODAY Show. The study suggests that the public's response to Sheen's announcement led to an increase in people seeking out public health sa...

SourceJohns Hopkins University·JournalJAMA Internal Medicine·DateFeb 22, 2016

Model perfect

Researchers developed a framework to address uncertainty in mathematical models by considering the effects of correlated parameters. This approach improves model predictability and reliability, with applications in fields such as catalysis, combustion, environmental sciences, and biology.

SourceUniversity of Delaware·JournalNature Chemistry·DateFeb 22, 2016

Results of Raltegravir plus combination antiretroviral therapy in early HIV infection

A new study found that adding raltegravir to standard antiretroviral therapy did not reduce HIV DNA levels or improve CD4+ T-cell counts in early HIV infection patients. Researchers from the University of Washington and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases reported their results after a 96-week study.

SourceMary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News·JournalBioResearch Open Access·DateFeb 22, 2016
Davis Instruments Vantage Pro2 Weather Station

Davis Instruments Vantage Pro2 Weather Station offers research-grade local weather data for networked stations, campuses, and community observatories.

Using plasmonics to transmit more data

Researchers at Northwestern University developed a new scheme using plasmonics to control infrared plasmons, enabling fast transmission of massive data. By modulating light signals in the near-infrared wavelength region, they can potentially switch signals in optical fibers with high speeds.

SourceNorthwestern University·JournalNature Photonics·DateFeb 22, 2016

Stroke patients' speech loss linked to loss of brain interconnections

Research found that damage to brain connections can impact aphasia severity, with some patients having more severe symptoms despite similar stroke volumes. Investigators used MRI imaging to map neural connections and identified patterns associated with language difficulties.

SourceIOS Press·JournalRestorative Neurology and Neuroscience·DateFeb 22, 2016

Bat 'super immunity' could help protect people

Bats have a unique ability to carry but remain unaffected by lethal diseases due to their constant immune response. The Australian black flying fox has only three interferons, which is a fraction of the number found in people, yet it can control viral infections that are lethal in humans.

SourceCSIRO Australia·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateFeb 22, 2016
Apple iPad Pro 11-inch (M4)

Apple iPad Pro 11-inch (M4) runs demanding GIS, imaging, and annotation workflows on the go for surveys, briefings, and lab notebooks.

May the capillary force be with you

Researchers at Washington State University are developing a computer model and designs for improved liquid transport systems using capillary forces to move liquids through narrow spaces in space. By studying the effects of viscosity in microgravity, they aim to conserve energy and enable longer space missions.

SourceWashington State University·DateFeb 22, 2016
Garmin GPSMAP 67i with inReach

Garmin GPSMAP 67i with inReach provides rugged GNSS navigation, satellite messaging, and SOS for backcountry geology and climate field teams.

Crystal and magnetic structure of multiferroic hexagonal manganite

This review article presents an extended study on the crystal and magnetic structure of multiferroic hexagonal manganite RMnO3, which exhibits ferroelectric and magnetic orders. The research highlights the importance of strong interactions between these orders, leading to unique properties.

SourceInternational Union of Crystallography·JournalActa Crystallographica Section B·DateFeb 22, 2016

Surprising mathematical law tested on Project Gutenberg texts

A team of researchers from the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona tested the mathematical law known as Zipf's Law on a large database of English-language texts in the Project Gutenberg. The study found that 55% of the texts fit perfectly into Zipf's Law, while 40% do when including rare words.

SourceUniversitat Autonoma de Barcelona·JournalPLOS ONE·DateFeb 22, 2016

When in-store digital displays drive sales -- and when they don't

Digital displays showing price promotions increase sales and time spent shopping in hypermarkets. In contrast, displays with unrelated content have no effect, while small convenience-type stores see decreased sales. Larger, browsing-oriented stores reap the most benefits from digital displays.

SourceJournal of Retailing at New York University·JournalJournal of Retailing·DateFeb 22, 2016
Celestron NexStar 8SE Computerized Telescope

Celestron NexStar 8SE Computerized Telescope combines portable Schmidt-Cassegrain optics with GoTo pointing for outreach nights and field campaigns.

Body's immune system may play larger role in Alzheimer's disease than thought

Researchers found a dramatic increase in brain plaques when key immune cells are lacking in genetically modified mice, leading to new techniques to identify and treat individuals at risk of developing Alzheimer's. The study suggests the immune system plays a crucial role in clearing beta-amyloid from the brain.

SourceUniversity of California - Irvine·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateFeb 22, 2016

Clock gene may connect mood and sleep

Researchers discovered a molecular link between mood disorders and circadian rhythms in a study on familial advanced sleep phase (FASP) and faulty PER3 gene variants. Mice carrying the faulty gene exhibited depression-like symptoms when exposed to short light periods, mirroring human seasonal affective disorder.

SourceHoward Hughes Medical Institute·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateFeb 22, 2016

Pre-pregnancy heart abnormalities may predict recurrent preeclampsia risk

A new study has identified pre-pregnancy heart abnormalities as a potential predictor of recurrent preeclampsia. Women who had early pregnancy-related high blood pressure were found to have abnormal changes in the size and function of their left ventricle, which pumps blood throughout the body.

SourceAmerican Heart Association·JournalHYPERTENSION·DateFeb 22, 2016
Apple Watch Series 11 (GPS, 46mm)

Apple Watch Series 11 (GPS, 46mm) tracks health metrics and safety alerts during long observing sessions, fieldwork, and remote expeditions.

Cancer statistics for African-Americans, 2016

The American Cancer Society report reveals progress in reducing cancer death rates among African-Americans, but racial disparities persist in breast and colorectal cancers. The study finds that disparities in access to care and screening contribute to these disparities.

SourceAmerican Cancer Society·DateFeb 22, 2016

ERC Consolidator Grant: Six million euros for 3 scientists at Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen

The Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen has been awarded 14 ERC grants, with three scientists receiving 6 million euros. Dr. Daniel Razansky is investigating non-invasive brain imaging methods, while Dr. Irmela Jeremias focuses on targeted tumor treatment and Dr. Mathias Heikenwaelder explores immune system interactions in liver disease.

SourceHelmholtz Munich (Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH))·DateFeb 22, 2016

Phase 2 clinical trial to treat rare hereditary muscle disease shows promise

Researchers present evidence that extended-release sialic acid supplement stabilizes muscle strength in patients with GNE myopathy, a rare progressive adult-onset muscle disease. Therapy with Ace-ER tablets led to dose-dependent increases in serum sialic acid levels and maintained muscle strength in upper extremities.

SourceIOS Press·JournalJournal of Neuromuscular Diseases·DateFeb 22, 2016

Penn study reveals how fish control microbes through their gills

A new Penn study reveals that fish induce production of a specific antibody, IgT, in response to pathogen exposure on their gills. The researchers found that IgT coats the microbiota in the gills, helping control the community of friendly microbes.

SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania·JournalNature Communications·DateFeb 22, 2016
Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor

Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor tracks ventilation quality in labs, classrooms, and conference rooms with long battery life and clear e-ink readouts.

Crop Science Society sending students to Zambia for conference

The Crop Science Society of America is sending graduate students to Zambia to learn about dry bean research and increase international knowledge of this important crop. The PanAfrican Grain Legume Conference and World Cowpea Conference will focus on pulses, dry beans, peas, and lentils.

SourceAmerican Society of Agronomy·DateFeb 22, 2016

Common macrolide antibiotics show no increased risk of serious heart arrhythmia or death

A study of over 600,000 adults found that macrolide antibiotics were associated with a similar 30-day risk of ventricular arrhythmia as nonmacrolide antibiotics, and slightly lower risk of all-cause mortality. The findings are reassuring for healthcare providers who prescribe these antibiotics to patients at low risk of adverse events.

SourceCanadian Medical Association Journal·JournalCanadian Medical Association Journal·DateFeb 22, 2016

Squirm with purpose: FSU research shows fidgeting is helpful for ADHD patients

Children with ADHD often exhibit hyperactive behavior when trying to solve problems. New FSU research shows that movement can positively impact working memory and cognitive function in these children. The study's findings suggest that fidgeting may be a helpful strategy for improving attention, impulse control, and school success.

SourceFlorida State University·JournalJournal of Attention Disorders·DateFeb 22, 2016

A portable device for rapid and highly sensitive diagnostics

EPFL researchers have developed a low-cost, portable microfluidic diagnostic device that can detect various diseases with high accuracy. The device operates on battery power, uses inexpensive microscopes, and requires no pre-treatment of blood samples.

SourceEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne·JournalACS Nano·DateFeb 22, 2016

Consuming omega-3 during pregnancy enhances fetal iron metabolism

A study by University of Granada researchers found that maternal DHA supplementation enhances fetal iron metabolism, improving iron reserves and preventing anemia-related complications. The research involved 110 healthy pregnant women who received either a balanced diet or a balanced diet with omega-3 supplements.

SourceUniversity of Granada·JournalJournal of Functional Foods·DateFeb 22, 2016
Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply

Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply powers sensors, microcontrollers, and test circuits with programmable rails and stable outputs.

UEA scientists pave way for new generation of superbug drugs

Researchers at UEA have discovered a mechanism to target the defensive barrier of superbugs, bringing bacteria down without developing resistance. This breakthrough paves the way for a new generation of drugs that could revolutionize the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections.

SourceUniversity of East Anglia·JournalNature·DateFeb 22, 2016

Fungi are at the root of tropical forest diversity -- or lack thereof, study finds

A new study reveals that certain fungi associated with tree roots can alter the fate of tropical forests, boosting plant diversity or giving one tree species a distinct advantage. The research found that these fungi, particularly ectomycorrhizas, make nitrogen unavailable to competing species, allowing dominant trees to thrive.

SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau·JournalEcology Letters·DateFeb 22, 2016

Goods targeted in thefts 'change with market values'

A recent study by University of Warwick researcher Mirko Draca found that higher-priced items are more likely to be stolen. The analysis of monthly data over a 10-year period reveals a strong relationship between price and crime, with a 10% increase in prices associated with a 3.5% increase in crime.

SourceUniversity of Warwick·DateFeb 22, 2016
Creality K1 Max 3D Printer

Creality K1 Max 3D Printer rapidly prototypes brackets, adapters, and fixtures for instruments and classroom demonstrations at large build volume.

A new way of fighting bacteria?

Scientists at Université de Genève found a novel regulatory mechanism in the HigBA toxin-antitoxin system that can selectively kill bacteria when they suffer from DNA damage. This discovery could lead to new treatments for bacterial infections by forcing bacteria to turn their weapons against themselves.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalNature Microbiology·DateFeb 22, 2016

Are lung cancer survivors getting too many costly scans for no reason? Study suggests so

A national look at PET scan use for lung and esophageal cancer survivors found widespread variation between hospitals, with some using scans eight times more often than others. The study suggests that this approach doesn't improve survival rates and is being inappropriately used at many hospitals.

SourceMichigan Medicine - University of Michigan·JournalJNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute·DateFeb 22, 2016

Cancer in 3-D

A new microscope enables the visualization of cancer cells in 3D, revealing that these cells form small protrusions called blebs in a more realistic tumor environment. This discovery is a first step toward understanding 3D biology in tumor microenvironments and may help explain skin cancer cell invasiveness and drug resistance.

SourceCell Press·JournalDevelopmental Cell·DateFeb 22, 2016

Sea-level rise past and future: Robust estimates for coastal planners

A new study combines two methods for estimating future sea-level rise, yielding a more robust risk range of 50-130 centimeters by 2100. The research provides critical information for coastal planners, who can use the tool to assess adaptation strategies and design flood insurance schemes.

SourcePotsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateFeb 22, 2016
Kestrel 3000 Pocket Weather Meter

Kestrel 3000 Pocket Weather Meter measures wind, temperature, and humidity in real time for site assessments, aviation checks, and safety briefings.

Successful real-time observation of atomic motion with sub-nanometer resolution

Researchers used the powerful x-ray pulses from SACLA to investigate excited-state induced transient lattice dynamics in phase-change materials. They observed non-thermal local structural rearrangements within a few picoseconds, followed by warming of the lattice and a 2 pm change in lattice spacing after 20 ps.

SourceUniversity of Tsukuba·JournalScientific Reports·DateFeb 22, 2016