Scientists have produced proto-nucleotides resembling RNA's nucleobases through simple laboratory reactions, advancing understanding of life's origins. The discovery has implications for the probability of life existing elsewhere in the universe.
A team at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering developed a novel strategy for engineering protein fusions to improve in vivo efficacy and safety. The approach enabled the creation of cell-targeted drugs that reduce potential side effects and accelerate new drug development.
Hearing socially meaningful sounds can modify ear structure to better detect those sounds, improving hearing in green treefrogs. The study's findings have implications for elderly people with limited social interaction or prisoners in solitary confinement.
Researchers have developed a non-invasive method for receptor activation using red light, which can penetrate deep tissues and activate signal pathways involved in cell division. The approach has potential for treating diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer, Parkinson, and diabetes.
Researchers found that mice with autism-like genetic mutations had fewer neurons in the gut, slower gut movement, and poor gut lining. Increasing serotonin activity during development prevented these changes. The study suggests a shared underlying abnormality for some patients with autism and gastrointestinal problems.
Researchers discovered Vibrio cholerae attraction to bile taurine, shedding light on its survival and pathogenicity. The finding may lead to prevention of infection and development of new drugs for cholera.
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum successfully taught bacteria to swim by combining various RNA modules in a new way. The team used riboswitches and RNA thermometers to control the bacterium's behavior and responded to temperature and metabolic products.
Researchers at Colorado State University have discovered a new way to produce electron spin currents using non-polarized light, a potential game-changer for microelectronics. This achievement could lead to more efficient and powerful devices with reduced power consumption.
A new system allows scientists to image RNA inside living cells, monitor its activity and even control it. The modular components enable easy performance of a wide variety of RNA manipulations.
A group of 7 researchers from Europe and the US show that consensus exists around EDC definition and propose a logic-based approach similar to carcinogen identification. This guidance aims to resolve the 3-year blockage in publishing scientific criteria, allowing for efficient protection of public health.
A study found that chronic exposure to interleukin-1 causes overproduction of immune cells, resulting in an imbalanced blood system. This imbalance can lead to inefficient oxygen delivery, immunodeficiency, and increased cancer risk. Researchers suggest that therapies may be able to reverse the effects of chronic inflammation on blood ...
A novel theory of animal evolution suggests that a biochemical oscillator named Life's Timekeeper controls cell maintenance and repair, determining cell longevity. This mechanism is believed to have driven the extension of cell longevity in animals, leading to the development of complex organisms.
Molecular microbiologists at UMass Amherst identify a distinct domain on the plasma membrane of Mycobacterium smegmatis, crucial for bacterial growth. The discovery provides insight into lipid metabolism and regulatory mechanisms in mycobacteria, potentially leading to new methods of inhibiting bacterial growth.
Scientists have developed a new gene-detecting technology that accurately pinpoints the location of disease resistance genes in large plant genomes. This has reduced the time it takes to clone these genes in wheat from five years to just two, enabling the creation of elite varieties with durable resistance to disease.
A €2.4 million project aims to make embedded software safe, customizable, and open source by developing new tools and making existing ones transparent. The project, led by Holger Hermanns at Saarland University, focuses on power management software for mobile devices like smartphones and e-bikes.
A new study from Michigan State University applies criminology theory to combat counterfeit medicines, identifying key factors in crime occurrence and the importance of field product authentication efforts. By analyzing protocols for crime scene investigation and forensic science in Nigeria, the researchers found that a country's willi...
A new study finds that excessive algae growth in coral reefs causes microbes to dominate the food chain, depleting oxygen and releasing harmful pathogens. This leads to a runaway feedback loop, further coral death and ecosystem collapse. The research highlights the impact of human activities on coral reef ecosystems.
Researchers identified a rare genetic variation associated with an increased risk of severe acute pancreatitis in ALL patients treated with asparaginase. Native American ancestry and older age were also found to be risk factors for the condition.
Researchers discovered a rare example of cooperation between different bacteria species in the human gut. Bacteroides ovatus digests a complex carbohydrate, providing benefits to other species in return.
Researchers found that bed bugs strongly preferred red and black colors, but avoided green and yellow due to their resemblance to brightly-lit areas. The study's findings may have implications for controlling bed bug populations by using color preference in traps.
A new study analyzing 5,000 stored blood samples found no increase in food-specific IgE antibodies between the 1980s and 2000s. The researchers suggest that growing awareness and diagnosis of food allergies among children may be contributing to the increasing prevalence of food allergies over the past few decades.
Researchers found that working under a highly successful leader provides initial career benefits in terms of getting a promotion at another organization. However, these benefits are short-lived and long-term effects may even be harmful. Promoted acolytes experience lower success rates than promoted non-accolytes.
A national PrEP program for injection drug users is cost-prohibitive due to high drug prices, but investing in naloxone therapy, medical insurance, and detoxification programs could prevent HIV infections more effectively. The study suggests that alternative approaches may be a better use of HIV prevention resources.
A team of researchers at the University of Leicester has made significant progress in understanding the role of inositol phosphate molecules in regulating gene expression. By developing a novel peptide-based inhibitor, they have gained insights into how enzymes are activated by these small molecules, paving the way for more specific an...
A Louisiana State University student-led team has been awarded a $200,000 grant to develop an instrument that will fly into a thunderstorm to measure how lightning produces high-energy gamma-rays. The project, called Correlation of Terrestrial gamma flashes, Electric fields and Lightning strikes, aims to study the electrical and radiat...
A study published in Nature Medicine suggests that brain signals between seizures may be responsible for memory problems in patients with epilepsy. Researchers found that abnormal hippocampal-cortical signaling in both rats and humans with epilepsy tracked closely with the level of memory impairment.
A team of researchers from the University of Georgia has discovered that most of the freshwater pouring into oceans from melting Greenland ice sheet originates from the east coast. The study found that wind and ocean currents transport meltwater around the southern tip of Greenland, which is then largely deposited into the Labrador Sea.
Researchers found that dogs with atopic dermatitis have a sharp decrease in skin bacterial diversity, leading to impaired barrier function and increased Staphylococcus species. Antibiotic therapy restored normal levels, suggesting a correlation between skin barrier dysfunction and bacterial overgrowth.
Despite a severe drought, the contiguous United States remained a carbon sink in 2012, absorbing more carbon during warmer springs and releasing less during dry summers. The unique combination of measured data from various sources allowed researchers to calculate the carbon exchange for the entire US during this period.
A combined dietary supplement of marine fish oil, cocoa extract, and phytosterols could potentially prevent atherosclerosis by inhibiting key processes associated with its progression. The study found that combining these ingredients helped halt the progression of atherosclerosis in cell-based models.
Researchers at RIKEN Brain Science Institute have demonstrated that astrocytes regulate changes in synaptic strength, which is crucial for learning and memory. By examining cultured cells and brain slices, they found that astrocyte activity helps maintain normal variation of synaptic strengths.
A meta-analysis of 50 years of research on spanking found that it is associated with increased anti-social behavior, aggression, mental health problems, and cognitive difficulties. Spanking was linked to detrimental outcomes consistently across all types of studies, including those using strongest methodologies.
Researchers found that high-intensity blue light reduces inflammation and organ damage at the cellular level in mice before surgery. This potential pre-treatment light therapy could improve outcomes in patients undergoing procedures with blood restriction.
Researchers at Brown University have developed a new method to convert one type of perovskite into another, improving thermal stability and light absorption. The technique uses gas-based methods to flip the chemical switch, preserving the microstructure and morphology of the material.
Researchers found that female pelves widen with puberty, reaching full width by age 25-30, but then narrow again after menopause. Hormone levels drive this process, suggesting the body can modulate pelvic dimensions to ensure optimal childbirth.
Tropical Cyclone Amos weakened and dissipated in the Southern Pacific Ocean on April 24, 2016, after being torn apart by increasing wind shear. The storm's elongation was evident in composite satellite images, with heaviest rainfall appearing in its northwestern quadrant.
A study of 759 infants found that eating rice and rice products increased their exposure to arsenic. The highest levels were detected in babies consuming baby rice cereal or rice snacks.
A new special issue from Yale's Journal of Industrial Ecology investigates the life cycle environmental and natural resource implications of energy efficiency technologies. The studies reveal that while these technologies generally reduce greenhouse gas emissions, their benefits vary widely among regions and technologies.
Researchers discovered a discrepancy in YouTube's view count system, where fake views were counted towards advertisers' bills despite being flagged as fraudulent. This study highlights the challenges of detecting and preventing bot fraud in video portals, which can have significant economic implications.
Alterations in chromatin structure are essential for cancer development, accelerating cell cycle progression and malignant transformation. Changes in epigenetic factors and histone variants confer to cancer cells the ability to reprogram their genomes.
A recent study by the University of Washington's Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences found that 9-month-old babies who participated in music play sessions showed improved brain responses to music and new speech sounds. This suggests that early musical experiences can have a lasting impact on cognitive skills such as pattern percept...
Princeton University researchers used advanced techniques to record dopamine neuron activity in the striatum, finding that these neurons not only encode reward but also directly control movements. This discovery challenges current understanding of dopamine's role in movement-related disorders like Parkinson's disease.
Researchers found that transplanting liver cells into an extra-hepatic site, such as the intra-mesentery, can help protect against post-operative liver failure and aid in survival of the remaining liver. The study showed improved overall mortality due to acute liver failure in the transplantation group.
Researchers discovered hidden mechanisms of the immune system in two disease areas, COPD and systemic lupus erythematosus. The findings showed that ILC2s can change into inflammatory cells in response to stimuli, suggesting a potential way to treat COPD exacerbations.
HPV vaccination programs in Canada are currently limited, leaving men vulnerable to HPV-related diseases. The Canadian Medical Association Journal recommends expanding the programs to include males and negotiating with pharmaceutical companies to decrease costs.
A new international research center will focus on sustainable use of tropical landscapes and combat environmental destruction in the Peruvian Amazon. The center aims to develop transformative solutions for human health and biodiversity, building scientific capacity in local communities.
Researchers at Iowa State University have created micro-scale, liquid-metal particles that can be used for heat-free soldering and metal processing without high temperatures. The discovery has significant implications for manufacturing, with potential applications in the fabrication, repair, and processing of metals.
Researchers at RIKEN and the University of Bristol have experimentally verified that light exerts a new type of optical force proportional to its circular polarization. The team used an extremely precise nano-cantilever to measure this force, which is much weaker than usual radiation pressure.
A recent study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found significant disparities in healthcare quality for Hispanic Medicare Advantage enrollees in Puerto Rico compared to their counterparts in the US. The study analyzed data from over 7 million MA enrollees and found that Hispanic MA enrollees in Puerto Rico received worse care on 15 ...
Researchers have developed an innovative anti-biofilm coating with significant anti-adhesive potential, preventing destructive bacterial growth on metal surfaces. The coating has potential applications in medical implants, devices, and surgical equipment, as well as industrial uses such as preventing aquatic biofouling.
Russian scientists have identified a unique enzyme in E. coli that enables the bacterium to breathe, despite the presence of hydrogen sulfide, which would normally inhibit mitochondrial respiration. This discovery could lead to the development of new antibiotics that target specific types of bacteria without harming human cells.
A recent study found that students attending US charter high schools are more likely to graduate from high school and enroll in college. Charter school graduates also tend to have higher earnings in their mid-20s compared to their counterparts at traditional public schools.
A new study from Oregon State University finds that conservatives' attitudes toward climate change and environmental concerns shift when the issues are framed in terms more closely aligned with their values. The researchers used moral foundations theory to test how shifts in moral framing affect attitudes toward environmental issues.
Groundbreaking research in 13 radiology subspecialities presented during the ARRS 2016 Annual Meeting. Notable findings include improved prostate cancer detection and grading using restriction spectrum imaging, reduced unnecessary biopsies via novel mammographic algorithm, and faster knee MRI acquisition with accelerated SPACE.
Researchers studying intestinal bacteria and their effect on the human brain and mood found that an imbalance in gut microbiota can lead to heightened anxiety and stress. Feeding stressed mice probiotics improved behavior and reduced stress biomarkers, suggesting a potential treatment for PTSD.
Researchers at 2Blades Foundation have isolated novel disease resistance genes and successfully transferred them into wheat, soybean and potato to combat diseases such as wheat stem rust, Asian soybean rust and late blight of potato. These breakthroughs aim to provide durable genetic resistances to protect crops from devastating losses.
Children with uncorrectable vision problems are twice as likely to have a diagnosis of ADHD, according to a nationwide study. The researchers analyzed data on over 75,000 children and found that those with vision problems not correctable by glasses or contact lenses had a higher prevalence of ADHD.
A five-year study found that patients with negative beliefs about their diabetic foot ulcers had a higher risk of death. The study, published in PLOS ONE, suggests that addressing these attitudes could improve survival rates for people with diabetic foot ulcers.
Scientists have developed a new method to accelerate the isolation of plant disease resistance genes, using 'SMRT RenSeq' technology. This technique has been successfully used to identify a brand new source of blight resistance genes in Solanum americanum, a wild relative of the potato.
Researchers discovered measurable changes in brain cells of high school football players due to repeated impacts, even without concussion. The study used diffusional kurtosis imaging to measure changes in neural tissues and white matter abnormalities.
Researchers found that Asiatic black bears disperse wild cherry tree seeds toward mountaintops, helping the species cope with projected temperature rises. The study suggests that seed dispersal direction can be asymmetric and highlights the importance of considering seed dispersal limitations in predicting future plant distributions.
Chemists develop methods to wind up molecules into screw-shaped structures using artificial molecules, demonstrating a mechanism to transfer handedness. The technique could be used to design molecules for catalysis or energy conversion.
A study of 454 healthy teenagers found that low vitamin D levels correlated with lower DNA methylation rates, increasing the risk of cancer and other diseases. The researchers discovered a dose-response relationship between vitamin D supplementation and increased DNA methylation activity.
A new study links gut bacteria to post-menopausal bone loss, showing probiotics can prevent this condition by attenuating inflammation. Treatment with probiotics also reduced bone loss in normal mice, highlighting therapeutic potential for probiotics in osteoporosis prevention.
The grant aims to study APP processing and its role in synaptic transmission, potentially shedding light on Alzheimer's pathogenesis and revealing treatment targets.
Research at Umeå University found that fish length and weight are less important for survival than overall health. The study tracked fish movement patterns through the winter, using PIT tags inserted into fish bodies to follow their migration. Fish populations can fluctuate significantly during this time.
A new study reveals that economic concerns are a significant factor in the adoption of sustainability plans by local governments. Fiscal savings and attracting development projects were key motivators, along with environmental concerns.
Researchers found that morning flu vaccinations led to significantly larger increases in antibody concentration one month after vaccination, compared to afternoon vaccinations. The study suggests a potential strategy to improve vaccination efficiency without additional cost to the healthcare system.
A large-scale international study has identified three genetic variants associated with happiness and two variants linked to depression. The findings provide new insights into the genetic basis of neuroticism and the interplay between nature and nurture in shaping human happiness.
Researchers have identified a molecular signaling mechanism underlying increased inflammation in patients with psoriasis due to specific CARD14 gene mutations. The study suggests MALT1 inhibitors may be therapeutically beneficial, offering promising results for treatment.
Researchers are conducting a groundbreaking study to understand how children cope with traumatic life events from ages 3-5. The five-year project will track hundreds of Kansas City children and their families, providing real-time assessment and interaction data to identify key factors influencing outcomes.
A comprehensive review of scientific research on sexual orientation reveals that non-heterosexual feelings are a small but nontrivial percentage of the population across cultures. The study suggests that biological and environmental factors jointly influence sexual orientation, with no evidence to support social learning or increased p...
Researchers from over 30 universities compared quantum simulation codes, achieving more precise results than previous calculations. The study defines a quality criterion to verify future software developments and contributes to higher standards for materials property simulations.
A new study led by Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center found that even low levels of air pollution can harm children's lung function. Children living close to major roadways had decreased lung function by age 8, with exposure to fine particulate matter and soot being the main factors.
The study synthesizes evidence on e-cigarettes, suggesting they can lead to reduced cigarette smoking and death from cigarette smoking. The researchers argue that e-cigarettes should be part of tobacco control efforts to help smokers quit.
Research from Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago conducted in mice shows the drug hydrocortisone can prevent lung damage and reverse BPD's harmful effects on the heart, providing a promising treatment for premature babies.
Scleratrophic skin lesions like morphea, lichen sclerosus etatrophicus (LSA) and anetoderma are associated with Lyme borreliosis, with Borrelia DNA detected in up to 50% of patients. The response to antibiotic treatment varies, suggesting a heterogeneous origin for these dermatoses.
A study by Rice University researchers found that the relationship between hospital volume and patient outcomes may be overstated. Advanced statistical modeling showed that only four of six complex cancer operations have a significant volume-outcome effect.
A recent study found that elite athletes possess an internal drive and commitment to their sports, which enables them to overcome obstacles. In contrast, 'almost' great athletes lack this motivation and may avoid challenging training exercises. The study's results suggest that attitude is a key factor in determining success.
An intervention at a Canadian acute care facility screened and isolated asymptomatic C. difficile carriers, leading to a 50% decrease in health-care associated infections. The study estimated that the intervention prevented approximately 63 cases, suggesting a cost-effective strategy for preventing C. difficile infection.
Researchers sequenced the genome of Gonium pectorale, a simple green algae, to understand how it evolved from a single cell into a multicellular organism. The study sheds light on the early stages of multicellularity and its significance in the evolution of life.
Scientists analyzed ancient ocean sediments to reconstruct past CO2 levels, finding that elevated CO2 led to the early Eocene epoch's extreme warmth and subsequent cooling. The study provides insights into understanding ancient climate and predicting future climate change.
A recent study published in Pediatrics found that exposure to laundry detergent packets is more hazardous than other types of laundry and dishwasher detergent for children under 6. The study revealed a significant rise in incidents related to packet exposure, with over 30 calls per day received by poison control centers.
A group of European and US researchers has provided a clear framework for identifying endocrine-disrupting substances (EDCs) and regulating them. The report, published in Environmental Health Perspectives, defines EDCs as substances altering the hormonal system and causing adverse health effects.
A study of over 20,000 participants found that videogame addiction is associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and depression. Younger, single men are particularly at risk, using gaming as an escape from unpleasant feelings and restless bodies.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy increase the risk of a child becoming overweight at age 2. However, breastfeeding for at least six months was associated with a significant reduction in this risk, regardless of the mother's pre-pregnancy weight.
Researchers have found that a protein called OSMR is required for glioblastoma tumours to form, and blocking its activity prevents tumours from forming in mouse brains. The study also suggests that this protein could be a potential target for new therapies for other cancers with high EGFR expression.
A new study in Canadian Medical Association Journal found that only 25% of women taking isotretinoin (Accutane) filled birth control prescriptions during treatment, resulting in a high risk of miscarriage or medical termination. The program's poor adherence rates represent a failure to prevent pregnancies instead of terminating them.
Researchers at UC Santa Barbara have developed a system that can transfer optical quantum information to locally stored solid-state quantum formats, enabling quantum communication. The team uses rare earth atoms to store superpositions of zero and one used in quantum computation.
Researchers have discovered that dung beetles evolved from a single common ancestor, with the onthophagines and oniticellines tribes making up half of the world's dung beetle fauna. These beetles play a crucial role in ecosystems by recycling nutrients and reducing parasites.
New research reveals that black female college students are reluctant to use online HIV prevention resources, citing stigma and fear of social repercussions. The study's findings highlight the need for culturally sensitive information delivery methods tailored to this demographic.
A study published in Nature Genetics reveals explosive increases in male population numbers on five continents between 50,000-55,000 years ago, likely due to first peopling of vast continents. Later expansions may have resulted from advances in technology such as wheeled transport and metal working.
A clinical trial shows that high-dose methotrexate improves survival rates for children with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The use of steroid decadron is beneficial for younger patients, but not older ones, who are at a higher risk of osteonecrosis.
Researchers at the Salk Institute found that a protein complex called AMPK plays a critical role in monitoring and managing cells' energy processes during development. The discovery sheds new light on cancer and diabetes pathways, offering potential insights into stem cell therapies and cancer treatments.
A new study reveals substantial disparities in healthcare quality experienced by Hispanic Puerto Rican residents in Medicare Advantage plans. Despite making up nearly a quarter of enrolled residents, Puerto Ricans received significantly worse care on 15 of 17 quality indicators, with gaps exceeding 5 percentage points.
A recent study published in JAMA Pediatrics found that children of non-US-born Hispanic mothers may have a lower risk for certain types of childhood cancers, including glioma, astrocytoma, and neuroblastoma. However, they also had higher risks for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Hodgkin lymphoma compared to white children.
Researchers at University of Guelph found that soy isoflavones and peptides can effectively inhibit the growth of certain bacterial pathogens, including Listeria and Pseudomonas. This natural alternative could benefit the food industry by reducing reliance on synthetic additives and addressing growing concerns about antibiotic resistance.
Researchers found that people with no sense of pain exhibited the same brain activity patterns as healthy individuals when exposed to painful stimuli, casting doubt on the 'pain matrix'. The study highlights the need for caution when interpreting associations between brain activity and human experiences.
A new study found that Medicare patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis have low adherence to biologic therapies, with nearly half stopping treatment within a year. High out-of-pocket costs under Medicare Part D were identified as a potential factor contributing to this issue.
Researchers found that women are more likely than men to experience financial stressors and report violence, but the study doesn't prove a direct link. The study's findings affirm the complexity of domestic violence, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
A study at Columbia University Irving Medical Center found that using a hearing aid significantly improves cognitive test scores in older adults with hearing loss. The researchers suggest that this may help prevent or slow the development of dementia.
The study found that under moderate to intense climate change scenarios, the proposed action plan will not be sufficient to protect the lake. Urgent actions are needed to save the lake through regional action to limit human water use and global action to limit greenhouse-gas concentration.
A lab-based study led by University of Leicester researchers has found a way to 'reverse' symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's using genetic and pharmacological approaches. The study utilized fruit flies to explore the role of specific metabolites in the kynurenine pathway, which can help alleviate sy...
Researchers found that observing a person in pain can lead to nocebo hyperalgesia, while unexplained interventions also elevate pain experience. The study suggests taking these factors into account in medical practice and research to better understand nocebo hyperalgesia.
The critically endangered Himalayan wolf is distinct from its European cousin and has a separate lineage that diverged thousands of years ago. Local herders view the wolves as a threat to their livelihoods, leading to persecution and killing.
Researchers identified a compound that reverses symptoms of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases in genetically altered fruit flies. The study suggests that the treatment could work for humans by targeting a specific enzyme involved in disease progression.
A new film series by Sarah Betcher explores Alaskan indigenous uses of wild plants for food, medicine and construction materials. The 'Ties to Alaska's Wild Plants' project documents Iñupiat traditions and aims to preserve traditional knowledge in the face of climate change.
A study published in Nature Communications found that visceral fat is strongly linked to metabolic disease and insulin resistance. Researchers identified the regulatory molecule TRIP-Br2 as a key player in this process, which could lead to potential therapeutic agents against obesity.
A gene known as OSMR plays a key role in driving the growth of glioblastoma tumors, according to a new study. Researchers discovered that by disabling OSMR, glioblastoma cells lose their ability to form tumors in mice, suggesting a potential target for treatments.
Tropical forests depend on animals for seed dispersal to store carbon, but this role differs across regions. Large animal losses lead to fewer large trees and increased carbon loss in some forests.
The American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) awarded prizes to the top three winners of its 2016 National DNA Day essay contest. Stella Ma's winning essay described testing for hereditary breast cancer and won her $1000 prize, while Jillian Pesce won $600 with an essay on Huntington disease.
A study using a custom-built 'shark-eye' camera reveals that biofluorescence makes catsharks more visible to neighbors of the same species at depths where they live. The researchers found that the contrast of patterns on the biofluorescent sharks increases with depth, suggesting they may use it to communicate with one another.
Research at Washington University School of Medicine found that children whose mothers were nurturing during the preschool years have more robust growth in brain structures associated with learning, memory and stress response. The study suggests there is a sensitive period when the brain responds more to maternal support.
A recent study published in Nature Climate Change reveals significant greening of a quarter to one-half of the Earth's vegetated lands due to CO2 fertilization. The increase in leaves on plants and trees has the potential to fundamentally change the cycling of water and carbon in the climate system.
A new catheter infection alert system could prevent serious infections in millions of hospital patients and elderly people. The system changes the color of urine to detect bacterial blockages before they cause kidney failure and death.
Scientists propose aerosol generation and exposure tools to predict nanomaterial toxicity in human lungs. These non-animal tools use human lung cells grown in a petri dish, reducing the need for animal testing.
Alexandre Pouget, a renowned expert in neural coding and spatial representations, will receive the prize for his work on probabilistic inference and its applications. Pouget's research focuses on general theories of representation and computation in neural circuits, with a strong emphasis on neural theories of probabilistic inference.