The Mexican rice borer infestation causes significant crop loss, with potential losses of over $200 million annually in Louisiana. A new article provides information on the pest's biology and life cycle, as well as management suggestions.
Case Western Reserve University researchers have discovered the full-length structure of the TRPV2 protein, a potential target for pharmaceutical research in treating chronic pain and cancer. The study reveals TRPV2's molecular mechanism in neurite growth and its involvement in malignant cancer cells.
A recent mouse study found that antioxidants in certain antidiabetic medications can accelerate the spread of colon and liver cancer. The findings suggest that these medications, which are commonly used to treat diabetes, may not be safe for diabetic patients with cancer.
A new study provides science-based recommendations for setback distances between animal agriculture practices and fresh produce, aiming to improve food safety. The research found that produce fields should be set back at least 160 meters from areas of manure application to lower the risk of foodborne illness.
A study led by QUT researchers has shown that pindolol, a drug already approved by the FDA, can reduce ethanol consumption and is a promising treatment option for alcohol use disorders. The preclinical study suggests that pindolol could be an inexpensive and effective approach to treating alcohol dependence.
A USC study found that improved air quality in the Los Angeles region has led to a significant reduction in respiratory symptoms among children, including bronchitic symptoms. The study tracked 4,602 children over 20 years and found a 16-32% decrease in these symptoms, even among those without asthma.
A study published in JAMA found that a multifaceted quality improvement intervention involving daily checklists and clinician prompting did not reduce in-hospital mortality among critically ill patients in ICUs. The intervention improved adherence to guidelines, reduced infections, and clinical outcomes, but its impact on mortality was...
Scientists have discovered a predictable trend in the evolution of bird shape among island birds, with flying birds adapting smaller flight muscles and longer legs. This adaptation is driven by relief from predators, rather than genetic divergence.
Researchers have used powerful computers to analyze the decay of calcium-48, a rare isotope that could reveal the mass of neutrinos. The study suggests the decay may be half as long as previously thought, improving chances of detection in underground labs and potentially confirming Majorana particles.
The AGS Annual Scientific Meeting presented numerous high-profile sessions and symposia focusing on de-prescribing medication in older adults, improving interprofessional team communication, and strategies to reduce cardiovascular outcomes in skilled nursing facilities. Bench research findings from 2015 will be applied to bedside care ...
A Finnish group found that vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) can increase the density of adipose tissue vasculature, reducing inflammation and improving insulin function. Blocking the VEGFR1 receptor enhances the treatment effect by stimulating catabolic processes in adipose tissue.
Scientists have discovered a nuclear receptor protein, estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ), that enables the maturation of human beta cells in vitro. This breakthrough overcomes a major challenge in diabetes research and holds promise for creating functional insulin-producing cells at will.
The Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies will conduct a five-year study in Dutchess County, New York, to reduce Lyme disease risk. Researchers will target feeding and questing ticks using commercially available products, aiming to make neighborhoods safer.
A four-year study found substantial differences between fetal and newborn dolphins in the Gulf of Mexico affected by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The researchers identified lung abnormalities and small size among stranded perinatal dolphins, suggesting they died in the womb or shortly after birth due to exposure to petroleum products.
A new study by Giorgi Chaladze uses a computational model to explain the persistence of male homosexuality throughout history and cultures. The research suggests that many heterosexual men carry genes predisposing them to homosexuality, which helps maintain its stability within populations.
Researchers in China have developed a portable laboratory and topography meter to measure the frequency of random landslides on the steep slopes of the Loess Plateau. The system allows for site-specific tests, such as simulated rainfall, and can digitally reconstruct the slope's behavior under erosion conditions.
A new biotherapy has been developed to stimulate the creation of new lymphatic vessels in the heart, reducing oedema and inflammation. This innovative approach has shown significant promise in improving cardiac function following a myocardial infarction.
A doctor warns that many Europeans are denied access to healthcare, with two-thirds of migrants having no access and four in five unable to see a GP. The doctor calls for governments to honour their humanitarian obligations and provide care to those in need.
A recent study published in The BMJ found that replacing saturated fats with vegetable oils rich in linoleic acid does not curb heart disease risk or help people live longer. Despite lowering cholesterol levels, participants who had greater reductions in blood cholesterol actually had higher risks of death.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine are establishing an interdisciplinary center to define the systems biology of antibiotic resistance, a pressing global medical challenge. The program aims to develop new strategies for treating antibiotic-resistant infections by combining experimental and computational methods.
A 1917 glass plate from the Carnegie Observatories' collection shows the first-ever evidence of a planetary system beyond our own Sun. The plate's spectrum revealed heavier elements, such as calcium and iron, which were expected to have disappeared into the star's interior due to their weight.
A recent study by Lund University researchers found a clear connection between global economic development and increased greenhouse gas emissions. The study analyzed data from 138 countries and discovered that as countries become wealthier, their environmental sustainability decreases.
Researchers have developed a new model of molecular transport using synthetic nanomotors on biopolymer filaments, effectively delivering substances such as anti-cancer drugs. The study's findings suggest that even small motors can operate efficiently without tumbling and losing direction.
Research from Georgia State University suggests that international college students, particularly females, are less at risk for violent victimization due to lifestyle choices and activities. Female international students were found to be significantly less likely to be victims of violent, non-sexual crimes.
The Brain & Behavior Research Foundation has awarded $3.9 million in NARSAD grants to 40 mid-career scientists from 30 institutions worldwide to support basic research, new technologies, and next-generation therapies for schizophrenia, major affective disorders, and other serious mental illnesses.
A new malaria vaccine, RTS,S/AS01, has been developed to combat the disease. Despite waning efficacy in infants and young children, researchers argue that the vaccine could still be used in targeted strategies to interrupt transmission in low-endemic areas.
Research by Michigan State University found that large-scale swine farms in China and the US are breeding ground for multidrug-resistant bacteria. Partner genes, which can confer resistance to multiple antibiotics, were discovered in Chinese soils and manure, highlighting the need for prudent agricultural antibiotic use.
A new University of Iowa study shows that telehealth can help parents with children on the autism spectrum address challenging behavior at a lower cost. Specialists can train parents in applied behavior analysis via computer, reducing travel expenses and staff hours.
Researchers at Helmholtz Zentrum München have identified two variants of the protein MALT1, which are regulated by posttranscriptional splicing and affect the immune response. The study found that stronger activation of T cells is associated with the MALT1A variant, while the MALT1B variant results in a weaker response.
Dr. Peter Adamson, a pediatric oncologist at CHOP, joins the Blue Ribbon Panel of scientific experts advising the VP's initiative on cancer research goals and approaches.
A research team captured unique video of thousands of red crabs swarming in low-oxygen waters just above the seafloor off Panama. The crabs were identified as Pleuroncodes planipes and represent a new southernmost range for the species.
Researchers are often hesitant to discuss shame, using terms like ostracism instead, according to UC Santa Barbara researcher Thomas Scheff. Scheff argues that conventional thoughts about shame see it as an emotion triggered by a particular stimulus, but he believes humans are built around shame and it's time to reclaim the term.
Researchers from ITMO University have developed a novel approach to constructing quantum communication systems, enabling the transmission of single-photon quantum signals across distances of up to 250 kilometers. The system uses side frequencies to simplify device architecture and increase pass-through capacity, making it comparable to...
A collaborative collection development platform called Cobweb is proposed to support comprehensive web archiving by coordinating independent activities of the web archiving community. The platform will leverage existing tools and sources of archival information to retrieve holdings data from over 3,500 collections across 350 institutions.
Human ancestors adapted to fire-prone environments by exploiting its foraging benefits, improving search and handling efficiency. This scenario provides a solution to the mismatch between fossil and archaeological records.
The Institute for In Vitro Sciences (IIVS) hosted a unique 2.5-day workshop on in vitro exposure systems and dosimetry assessment tools for inhaled tobacco products. Attendees gained a deeper understanding of the issues involving aerosol exposure to cells and tissues in culture.
Researchers have identified a range of neurological and psychiatric symptoms in Ebola survivors, including vision complications and joint pain. The study's findings highlight the need for improved treatment options for those affected by post-Ebola syndrome.
A study found that only 37 countries provide low-risk drinking guidelines, with inconsistent standards and varying definitions of a standard drink. The size of a standard drink varies by 250%, from 8g in Iceland to 20g in Austria.
Researchers analyzed previously unpublished data from a large controlled trial and found that using vegetable oils high in linoleic acid may not decrease the risk of heart disease. In contrast, using butter did lower cholesterol levels without affecting heart attacks or deaths.
A new study reveals a mechanism involved in lymphangiogenesis, specifically in corneal transplants and infectious eye disease, by inhibiting the overgrowth of lymphatic vessels. Galectin-8 promotes pathological lymphangiogenesis, increasing the risk of organ rejection and cancer metastasis.
Researchers found that depression combined with metabolic risk factors significantly increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The study suggests a vicious cycle where depression and metabolic symptoms exacerbate each other, making integrated treatment crucial for prevention.
A study found that older black women are less likely to receive trastuzumab, a targeted drug improving survival by nearly 40%, than white women. Approximately half of women in the study did not receive any therapy, highlighting disparities in access to proven yet expensive treatment.
Researchers analyzed data and samples from 364 patients with acute skin rash, detecting ZIKV RNA in 119 blood samples. The study found the virus was introduced to Brazil from Asia, with at least some cases transmitted locally through mosquito bites or person-to-person contact.
Researchers discovered a superfast wing muscle in tropical birds, which can move at speeds of over 60 Hz, faster than any animal with a backbone. This adaptation allows birds to perform extravagant courtship displays without sacrificing flying ability.
Scientists propose a two-stage model of consciousness processing, where the brain analyzes features continuously and unconsciously before rendering them conscious. The process lasts up to 400 milliseconds, with no consciousness in between.
A recent study found that seniors use Facebook primarily for social bonding and curiosity, with a desire to stay connected to family and friends. The researchers suggest that simple and convenient interface tools are essential for attracting older adult users and motivating them to use the site longer.
A large study of 43,313 women found that infertility and hormone treatment may be linked to higher breast density, a known risk factor for breast cancer. The association was strongest among women who had undergone controlled ovarian stimulation (COS), a common fertility treatment.
Gloria Heppner's 1984 article "Tumor Heterogeneity" has stood the test of time, cited more than any other article in Cancer Research history. The article's longevity is attributed to its clarity and interpretation of data, making it a landmark in cancer research.
Research suggests that children of older mothers are healthier, taller, and more educated than those born to younger mothers. Despite the risks associated with advanced maternal age, the benefits of delaying childbearing may outweigh these risks due to improvements in public health and social conditions over time.
Researchers found that concussions in young children can lead to a decline in their social interactions with parents. The study aimed to assess the quality of parent-child relationships six months after injury.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have identified specific neural systems used to encode new scientific concepts. The study shows that the brain repurposes existing neural structures to form new knowledge, enabling humans to learn abstract ideas.
A study in Southern California found significant reductions in bronchitic symptoms among children due to decreases in air pollution levels. The analysis of 4,602 children aged 5-18 years revealed a proportional association between improved air quality and decreased respiratory issues, particularly among those with asthma.
A study by KU Leuven researchers found that more than 70% of cloud-based security providers' DNS redirection strategies can be bypassed, exposing websites to DDoS attacks. To mitigate this risk, website owners can adjust their firewall settings or change their IP address once the contract with the provider is initiated.
Scientists at Oxford University have identified biomarkers that could indicate TB risk and provide clues to assess the effectiveness of potential new vaccines. The discovery was made using immune correlates, also known as biomarkers, which can be measured in the blood.
Researchers from Duke University demonstrate that oxygen levels in coal ash disposal sites greatly impact the leaching of toxic selenium and arsenic. The study suggests that ignoring oxygen conditions when closing ash ponds may not be a solution to the problem, and highlights the importance of considering this factor for safe disposal.
Researchers found that users need different workstation components when standing at a computer workstation compared to sitting down. The final standing workstation setups were significantly different from seated workstation setups, with lower desks and monitors, and closer mouse and keyboard positions.
A research team confirms that 97% of climate scientists agree human-caused climate change, with expertise being the primary factor in this consensus. The study drew from seven independent consensus studies and found a consistent picture with high levels of scientific agreement among climate experts.
A new study published in Nature Communications proposes that the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and peer pressure drove the emergence of social norms favoring monogamy. As populations grew, STI prevalence increased among polygamist networks, making monogamous mating more advantageous.
Research from Oregon State University shows that toddlers with mobility disabilities spend less time engaging in play and physical activity compared to their peers. Modified ride-on toy cars can help increase interaction with peers and objects, providing essential developmental benefits.
A new study simulates climate change effects on Rocky Mountain stream systems, finding that warmer temperatures have a greater impact on streamflow than changes in precipitation type. This can lead to reduced streamflow and altered groundwater recharge patterns.