Researchers have successfully fabricated a millimeter-sized chip capable of splitting a beam of X-rays. The chip features fork-shaped channels that efficiently transport and split the beam, producing interference patterns similar to those in classical Young's double-slit experiments.
Researchers found a correlation between Pacific sea level changes and global surface temperatures, with steeper tilts in the western Pacific linked to cooler temperatures. The study uses sea level data from 1993 to 2016 to estimate global surface temperature increases by the end of 2016.
The National Science Foundation has awarded Vikas Khanna a $259,582 grant to investigate the impact of declining insect-mediated pollination on the US economy. The three-year project aims to expand previous research and explore the economic value of pollination services attributable to managed honeybees and wild insects.
Researchers developed a method to identify impoverished areas using high-resolution satellite imagery and machine learning. The approach outperformed existing methods and could be used to map poverty worldwide at low cost.
The study found that implementing a telephone postoperative clinic reduced in-person clinic visits by 44% while maintaining satisfactory patient outcomes. The clinic also increased access to care for patients with long travel distances, improving their overall experience.
Researchers suggest that 'leaky gut' syndrome could be the cause of Olympic stomach upsets. The study found that zinc carnosine, taken alone or with bovine colostrum, may improve the performance of the mucosal barrier of the gut.
A new study suggests that genomic sequencing research may be missing key mutations in different racial and ethnic groups due to a lack of tumor samples from minorities. This could lead to unequal treatment opportunities and worsen disparities in cancer care.
A study led by UNC researcher Joseph D. Tucker recommends reforms to improve patient-physician trust in China, including medical humanities training and policy changes to address health systems and legal issues. The initiative aims to rebuild trust following violent attacks on healthcare professionals.
A TSRI study found that a compound blocking the activity of brain-cell receptors can reverse signs of cocaine dependency in rodents, supporting a new therapeutic strategy against addiction. The treatment reduced behavioral measures of cocaine use and dependency, accompanied by normal TrkB signaling activity.
A Yale study reveals how the Zika virus crosses the maternal-fetal barrier, affecting infant brain development. Researchers found that specific placenta cells are susceptible to infection, potentially leading to fetal brain damage.
Researchers found that men had greater pain relief from smoking marijuana after analyzing data from 42 recreational marijuana smokers. Women reported a small increase in pain tolerance but no significant decrease in pain sensitivity.
Researchers at RMIT University found that green laser pointers were most dangerous, with one model 127 times over the Australian safety limit. The team calls for stricter testing and quality control measures to protect public health.
A team of researchers at the University of Warsaw has developed a bioinspired micro-robot capable of mimicking caterpillar gaits in natural scale. The robot harvests energy from green light and can travel on flat surfaces, climb slopes, squeeze through narrow slits, and transport loads.
Scientists have discovered how ALS-linked protein mutations affect TDP-43's normal function, causing it to aggregate and lead to disease. The study found that specific regions of the protein play a crucial role in its concentration and processing.
Researchers found that colorectal tumors have different regions with varying levels of epigenetic changes, which relate to the tumor's growth rate and aggressiveness. This heterogeneity can be used to predict prognosis and treatment resistance.
A recent study by the University of Liverpool has found that a potentially fatal tick-borne disease called canine babesiosis in the UK appears to be under control. The study analyzed data from 2015 and found a low background level of Babesia infection in the UK, with most cases linked to overseas travel.
Rates of early prostate cancer have continued to drop since the USPSTF recommendation, with localized/regional-stage incidence rates declining by 6-19% from 2011 to 2013. The decrease is attributed to changes in PSA testing rates and potentially unknown risk factors.
Researchers discover Zika virus kills off neural stem cells in adult mice, raising concerns about its impact on the adult brain. The study found a 4- to 10-fold drop in adult stem cell proliferation, which could have implications for learning and memory.
Researchers found that swimming was as beneficial as walking in reducing pain intensity and improving quality of life for patients with fibromyalgia. Both swimming and walking improved scores on clinically validated questionnaires, indicating significant improvements in physical function and mental health.
A new study by the University of Kent found that schedule control increases overtime hours and income for both men and women, but men reap the greatest benefit. The research suggests that this may lead to a widening of the gender pay gap, even when controlling for factors such as occupation and ambition.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab create a nanoscale display case to reveal new structural details for challenging molecules, including complex compounds and potential drugs. The new technique stabilizes molecules in sturdy structures, enabling precise X-ray views of their atomic structure.
A new cell therapy product called DUOC-01 promotes faster axon remyelination in mice treated with a demyelinating chemical agent. The treatment also enhances the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, suggesting potential for neuronal repair and remyelination in patients with demyelinating diseases.
Researchers have identified a gene associated with age-related hearing loss in mice, which could lead to investigations into the equivalent human gene and potential screening programs to predict susceptibility. This discovery may ultimately inform treatment development or timing of interventions.
Researchers found that neural stem cells in the hippocampus use the Drosha protein to regulate their differentiation into specific cell types. The discovery challenges the long-held view that stem cell differentiation is controlled solely by the local environment.
A new study reveals that controlling invasive mammal populations can prevent as much as 75 percent of predicted island-level extinctions for globally threatened vertebrates. The research identifies specific islands where conservation efforts will have the greatest impact, providing valuable guidance for conservation interventions.
A research program at Rice University aims to create software that uses students' highlights to improve their comprehension and knowledge retention. The team plans to analyze volunteers' highlights for clues about their understanding of the text and conduct laboratory experiments to develop new software.
A team of researchers found that 81% of spherical stone objects from South Africa's Cave of Hearths site were optimal for hitting a target at a 25-meter distance. The stones were likely used as projectile weapons for hunting and defense due to their throwing affordance.
Proposed laws and constitutional amendments in Brazil aim to gut environmental licensing, posing major risks to development projects such as dams and highways. This could lead to devastating environmental and social impacts, including deforestation and loss of biodiversity.
A new fruit fly model mimics HPV-induced cancer, allowing scientists to understand the underlying mechanism and identify potential drug targets. The model reveals essential roles for Magi and the insulin receptor in E6-driven malignancy.
Researchers at Florida Atlantic University have discovered a natural compound, leiodermatolide, that inhibits cancer cell growth and blocks division using low concentrations. The compound has shown significant tumor reduction in a mouse model of metastatic pancreatic cancer.
The Blue Cut Fire in California is a rapidly growing wildfire that poses an imminent threat to public safety, rail traffic, and structures in several areas. The fire has already affected over 82,000 people and damaged an estimated number of structures, with firefighters battling hot, dry, and breezy conditions.
Researchers have found that common cold coronaviruses originate from camels, similar to the MERS virus. The study suggests a potential scenario for MERS emergence and highlights the need for a vaccine against MERS.
The University of Geneva team tested a scenario proposed by Anthony Leggett, finding it contradicts experimental results. The study reveals the importance of chemical doping in understanding high Tc superconductivity.
Researchers found that Hawaiian drosophilids had plural continental ancestors, independently migrating to Hawaii at different times. The team discovered 11 non-Hawaiian Scaptomyza species and reconstructed their phylogeny, estimating ancestral distributions and divergence times.
A new study suggests that high-fat, high-sugar diets during pregnancy may be associated with symptoms of ADHD in children who exhibit early conduct problems. Higher IGF2 methylation was linked to increased ADHD symptoms in these children.
A study of 300 children with mild, persistent asthma found that acetaminophen was not associated with worsening asthma symptoms compared to ibuprofen. The results suggest that acetaminophen can be used safely in children with this condition.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center found that the protein IRE-1 can react to ROS molecules, triggering an antioxidant response that increases cell resistance to stress. This discovery highlights the need to consider ROS molecules as links in cell pathways, not just as damaging agents.
Patients who initially screened negative for lung cancer but developed the disease one to two years later had more aggressive disease, according to a new study by researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center. The study highlights the importance of continued lung cancer screening in high-risk patients.
Scientists have discovered a possible explanation for the high prevalence of Russian tuberculosis strains by analyzing their protein and genome features. The study found that these strains produce more proteins producing long-chain fatty acids and less proteins destroying them, making them more effective at evading the immune system.
A team of neuroscientists and engineers will use a special microscope to reconnect neural communication between brain parts severed by injury or disease. If successful, this could improve conditions for those with Parkinson's, stroke, or neurological problems.
Researchers found that Zika virus productively infects primary human placenta-specific macrophages, with 10-15% of placental macrophages infected. The study suggests that placental macrophages may play a role in maternal-fetal Zika transmission and warrants further investigation.
Researchers at UTEP have developed a new brain preservation technique that allows for the study of brain tissue in remote locations without specialized laboratory equipment. The technique uses formaldehyde and can be performed with minimal resources, making it accessible to scientists in underdeveloped countries.
The Journal of the European Economic Association will be published by Oxford University Press starting in January 2017. This move is seen as a remarkable achievement, especially considering JEEA's growth in submissions over the last decade.
Researchers have discovered two distinct growth forms of Candida auris, a fungus resistant to multiple antifungal drugs, which can cause fatal infections in hospital patients. The strain's ability to cause disease is surprisingly high, rivaling that of the most invasive Candida species.
Scientists have developed a new method to synthesize mother of pearl, mimicking nature's process using an organic matrix and mineralization. The resulting synthetic nacre has similar mechanical properties to its natural counterpart, making it a promising material for various applications.
MAPseq successfully demonstrates a revolutionary new way of mapping the brain at individual neuron resolution. By using RNA sequencing, researchers can rapidly and inexpensively trace the long-range projections of thousands of neurons in a single experiment.
A new report by the Harvey L. Neiman Health Policy Institute proposes a bundled payment model for breast cancer screening, which could help reduce healthcare costs and improve patient adherence to screening guidelines. The model includes mammography and downstream diagnostic imaging services within a 364-day episode window.
Researchers investigate prenatal infections and their link to developmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. A five-year NIH grant supports studies on the effects of early-life immune responses and sex differences in brain vulnerability.
A large-scale study found that consuming at least 500mg of dietary omega-3 fatty acids daily was associated with a 48% reduced risk of developing sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy. The study, published in JAMA Ophthalmology, involved over 3,500 adults with type 2 diabetes and followed them for six years.
A study published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases suggests that treating cattle with fipronil can significantly reduce visceral leishmaniasis by killing sand flies. The treatment is most effective when applied regularly, but also depends on the timing relative to the sand fly lifecycle.
Researchers created stem cell heart muscle cells that mirror the expression patterns of native heart tissue, enabling prediction of drug-related heart damage and development of personalized therapies. The study validates the use of these cells to test cardiotoxicity and devise new treatments for conditions like cardiomyopathy.
Tropical Storm Fiona is strengthening in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, with maximum sustained winds of near 45 mph. The storm's movement and pressure are expected to continue west-northwest for the next couple of days.
A recent study found that canagliflozin slows the progression of kidney function decline to a greater extent than glimepiride, while having similar blood sugar-lowering effects. The findings suggest that potential kidney protective effects of canagliflozin may be unrelated to glycemic control.
Researchers have successfully modified a living genome by replacing multiple codons with alternatives, paving the way for fully recoded organisms. The study, which reduced the number of codons in E.coli from 64 to 57, provides critical insights into creating functional altered genomes.
Researchers developed a non-invasive MRI-based method to quantify dermal fat, total WAT volume and BAT activation in mice and humans. Studies showed that dWAT thickness was highly variable between subjects and increased in genetically obese mice and those fed high-fat diets.
Researchers at Rockefeller University and La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology found that Zika virus can infect adult brain cells, specifically neural progenitor cells, leading to cell death and reduced neuron generation. This may have implications for cognitive decline and conditions such as depression and Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers have linked a neurodevelopmental disorder to a mutation in the SON gene, which plays a crucial role in essential cellular processes. The discovery provides a new diagnostic tool and offers potential treatment options for patients with this condition.
A study in mice found that recalling 'old' antibodies does not compromise the response against new flu strains. In fact, some 'original antigenic sin' antibodies are highly effective at protecting against secondary encounters with antigenically drifted viral strains.
A new carbon-based membrane demonstrates a potentially disruptive technology in separating xylenes and similar organic compounds. The membrane uses an 'organic solvent reverse osmosis' process, reducing the energy required by conventional separation processes.
Researchers from Mount Sinai and international partners have identified specific genes that contribute to cardiometabolic diseases, such as heart attack and stroke. The study analyzed gene-expression data from patients with coronary artery disease and found genes that regulate blood lipid levels in abdominal fat.