A team from Washington University in St. Louis has developed a new method to produce biofuels in E. coli bacteria, boosting BCFA manufacture to 80 percent of all fuel products, and opening up potential applications for pharmaceuticals and other useful products.
A recent study from Aarhus University found that Danes' knowledge of shelf life labels has improved, with 70% correctly identifying the difference between labels. However, many consumers throw away food after the 'best before' date without checking its edibility, highlighting a need for greater awareness and education.
This study found that traumatic dental injuries are a significant concern in Canada, particularly among young athletes engaged in violent sports like ice hockey. The research highlights the need for effective dental care strategies to mitigate future trauma and promote oral health.
A new study found that Arctic methane seeps have a strong localized influence on benthic organism abundance and diversity. The total biomass at seepage sites was significantly higher than nearby non-seepage sites, but with lower species diversity due to the presence of a few highly tolerant or specially adapted species.
RIT students design and deploy telescope and camera to orient rocket payload based on star images, testing new CMOS detector technology operable at cryogenic temperatures. The Cryogenic Star Tracking Attitude Regulation System will launch in December on a suborbital sounding rocket.
Researchers developed a new language called Simit that automatically switches between low-level and high-level descriptions of physical systems, reducing simulation time and code complexity. The language has applications in various fields, including machine learning, data analytics, and robotics.
A clinical trial found that oral immunotherapy is safe and effective for peanut-allergic preschool children, with over 80% successfully introducing peanut into their diets. The treatment involved gradually increasing amounts of peanut protein daily and was comparable in effectiveness between low-dose and high-dose regimens.
Researchers found that infants selectively paid attention to native speakers of their language, even when the information was not transmitted through verbal speech. This behavior was replicated with 5-month-old infants and suggests that children use native speakers as a way to efficiently learn relevant cultural knowledge.
Researchers found a time-resolved supernova signal in biogenically produced crystals from Pacific Ocean sediment cores, indicating the solar system spent 1 million years transiting through a supernova's debris. The signal was first detectable at 2.7 million years ago and ended around 1.7 million years ago.
Climate change contributes to severe algal blooms in the Chesapeake Bay through increased precipitation variability. Nitrogen-rich agricultural runoff, exacerbated by changing weather patterns, leads to toxic algae growth and hypoxia, harming humans, marine life, and fisheries.
Researchers discovered that oral microbes like fusobacteria travel through the bloodstream to reach colorectal tumors, where they proliferate and accelerate cancer. The study sheds light on how these bacteria home in on tumors using a protein called Fap2.
Researchers found that naturally infected chimpanzees developed antibodies able to neutralize multiple AAV serotypes, a hurdle for gene therapy. The study provides insights into the immune response to natural AAV infection and its implications for gene delivery strategies.
Researchers identified a new gene, NAF1, associated with pulmonary fibrosis-emphysema in people with abnormally short telomeres. The mutation affects telomerase RNA stability, leading to decreased telomerase levels and increased risk of lung disease.
Pancreatic cancer cells use stellate cells to scavenge for energy, increasing mitochondrial metabolism and tumor cell growth. Alanine is the key fuel source that promotes tumor proliferation.
A new study finds that humans have the highest number of cortical neurons among primates, but the prefrontal region's size is similar to non-human primates. Cooking allowed early humans to overcome energetic barriers, enabling brain growth and development.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that thymectomy significantly improves disease status measures, reduces need for corticosteroids, and decreases hospitalization needs in MG patients without a chest tumor. This confirms the early use of thymectomy as an effective treatment option for MG.
Researchers create technique to identify pairs of short DNA sequences from beef, buffalo, and pork in hot dogs, providing a more reliable approach than existing methods. The study found that all 'beef' hot dogs contained buffalo meat, highlighting the need for accurate food testing.
Researchers at Hokkaido University analyzed footage of goblin sharks capturing prey using a high-speed jaw projection, called 'slingshot feeding', which propels the jaws at speeds of up to 3.1 meters per second. This adaptation allows the shark to compensate for its slow swimming speed in deep-sea environments where food is scarce.
A gene signature in healthy brains predicts the spread of Alzheimer's disease and identifies vulnerable brain regions. The discovery may lead to preventative treatments for at-risk individuals.
Researchers created a neurodevelopmental model of Williams syndrome to study the underlying neurobiology of the human social brain. The study found that WS individuals have reduced cortex surface area and unique neuronal morphology, which may underlie their hyper-social predisposition.
A new study reveals that fusobacteria use a special sugar-binding protein to stick to developing colorectal polyps and cancers. This mechanism may inform ways of blocking fusobacteria from homing in on tumors, and could potentially prevent colorectal cancer progression.
Researchers found that collective intelligence is more accurate than individual diagnoses when doctors have similar levels of accuracy. The study suggests that assembling groups with similar diagnostic abilities can lead to better medical outcomes.
A new Concordia study reveals that climate change may be one of the biggest emerging threats to primates, with 419 species expected to experience 10% more warming than the global average. The researchers identified hotspots of primate vulnerability in Central America, the Amazon, and Southeast Asia.
A new study by TSRI and NIH scientists found that hypocretin levels may contribute to cocaine addiction. Blocking hypocretin activity reduced compulsive drug-seeking behavior in rat models. The research suggests a potential role for the hypocretin system as a pharmacological target for treating cocaine addiction.
Researchers at Nationwide Children's Hospital identified approximately 12 genes associated with fear and aggression in dogs, distinct from those found in humans. The study has potential implications for veterinary behavioral medicine and human anxiety disorders.
A study by Trinity College Dublin found that home births are associated with higher breastfeeding rates due to midwife-led care, skin-to-skin contact, and reduced stress. In contrast, hospital births have been linked to lower breastfeeding rates due to interventions, pain-relieving medications, and formula supplementation.
Researchers found that a cancer drug called etoposide can damage the development of mouse ovary tissue, potentially affecting future fertility. The study suggests that women who take etoposide during pregnancy may have reduced fertility in their daughters.
Research reveals that 8-month-old infants are more likely to reach for distant toys when an adult is present, indicating they understand the social context and plan their actions. The study suggests that babies perceive adults as expanding their ability to act in the world.
A new study led by the Northeast Climate Science Center at UMass Amherst offers a framework for conserving areas naturally buffered from climate change. The researchers provide specific steps for identifying and managing climate change refugia, which can serve as short-term sanctuaries for species of conservation concern.
A study of 1,508 infertile women with PCOS found that frozen embryo transfers had lower rates of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and pregnancy complications compared to fresh embryo transfers. Women with PCOS who received frozen embryos also had higher rates of live births and better birth weights.
Researchers discovered a link between slow walking speeds, weak grip strength, and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and stroke in individuals over 65. These simple tests may help identify high-risk patients, providing hope for early detection and prevention.
Scott Friedman calls on the next president to boost NIH funding, invest in physician-scientists, and promote disease prevention and access to medical care. He advocates for public-private partnerships, clinical trials with repurposed drugs, and democratizing access to clinical trials.
A study published in Psychology of Popular Media Culture found that violent video game use was associated with increased civic behaviors, such as volunteering, among youth. The relationship was small and correlational in nature, suggesting that violent games may not be a significant contributor to problem behaviors.
A recent study by Cynthia Levine suggests that people who fit better with their culture have healthier eating habits. In the US, independent behavior predicts a healthy diet, while in Japan, interdependence is linked to healthier eating.
A new USGS study identifies specific steps to manage climate refugia for plants, animals, and fishes. These 'refugia' are areas that will remain relatively stable due to climate change, providing temporary sanctuaries for species of conservation concern.
Linguistic anthropologist Piers Kelly argues that the Philippines' 'golden age' war treasure myth is rooted in local folklore, not WWII-era plunder. The tale of hidden riches thrives during times of crisis to boost morale and challenge economic inequality.
A new medical device that combines laser spectroscopy and precise flow measurement has shown promise in improving care for shock patients. The device, which fits into a standard ventilation tube, allows doctors to monitor oxygen consumption in real-time, potentially leading to more effective treatment.
Researchers found that sex worker outreach was associated with increased clinic visits for testing and treatment of HIV, AIDS, and other STIs. Contact with outreach workers speeded up diagnosis and treatment, leading to expected drops in disease rates.
Researchers found that adding small amounts of milk and meat to the diet dramatically improves nutrient levels, including protein, calcium, zinc, iron, and vitamins A and D. Plant-based supplemented diets can also improve nutrition, but with limitations.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health won Zika challenge grants for groundbreaking ideas on mosquito control and behavior change strategies. The grants aim to develop custom fragrances to bait mosquito traps and improve disease prevention.
Karlsruhe researchers created a new piggyback structure for metal-organic frameworks that enables photon upconversion, transforming low-energy photons into high-energy photons. This process has potential applications in solar cells and LEDs, increasing efficiency and reducing limitations.
Cancer cells use DR6 to kill endothelial cells, allowing them to slip through the vascular wall and form metastases. This process is known as necroptosis, which enables cancer cells to overcome an endothelial cell layer in the laboratory and in living organisms.
A recent survey of 1145 marine users found strong public support for citizen science projects, highlighting room for growth in this field. The study's findings have implications for both researchers and the general public, emphasizing the need for further research on citizen science's effectiveness.
Researchers used ancient DNA to investigate the ecosystem of an ice-free corridor, concluding that it was biologically unviable until around 12,600 years ago. This challenges the established theory on human migration to America, suggesting that early inhabitants likely took a different route.
Upsalite's pore size control allows for tuning of amorphous phase stabilization and release rate of poorly soluble drugs like itraconazole. This breakthrough simplifies the synthesis of mesoporous materials, enabling industrial up-scaling.
Researchers found that daytime bright light exposure reduces the negative impact of evening blue light screen use on sleep. The study, published in Sleep Medicine, involved young adults who used self-luminous tablets for two hours after a day of outdoor activities or office lighting.
A study by Michigan State University found that incivility spreads through condescending comments and put-downs, reducing employees' self-control and leading to uncivil behavior. Workplace incivility has a significant impact on employees and companies, with an estimated $14,000 annual loss per employee.
The new guidelines provide a more precise definition of documented prenatal alcohol exposure and offer guidance on evaluating facial and physical deformities characteristic of FASD. The updated criteria aim to improve the accuracy of diagnoses and lead to early intervention for affected children.
Researchers have identified two new species of bioluminescent deep-sea fish by analyzing pigment patterns and mitochondrial genomes of preserved specimens. The study suggests that the organisms use light emission for communication and counter-illumination to camouflage, showcasing their mastery in controlling light emission.
Researchers introduce two approaches to stabilize itinerant ferromagnetic state in quantum gases, allowing for experimental detection and study of this elusive physical state. By imposing moderate optical lattices or studying cloud evolution, the methods reduce three-body recombination rates, enabling longer-lived ferromagnetic domains.
A meta-analysis of 54 studies finds engineered hard shorelines reduce species diversity by 23% and overall organism abundance by 45%. Shoreline hardening, including seawalls, can sever habitat connections and alter sediment transport.
A Danish nationwide register study found hospitalization with infection was associated with a 42% higher risk of suicide death. Individuals with hepatitis and HIV or AIDS had the highest risk, highlighting potential biological factors contributing to suicidal behavior.
Scientists have discovered a key component of the HIV virus that it uses to infect cells while avoiding detection by the immune system. They identified iris-like pores in the capsid shell that suck in nucleotides needed for replication, explaining why HIV is successful at evading the immune system.
Researchers at LMU Munich have sequenced mitochondrial DNA from museum specimens of rare deer species, refining the evolutionary history of cervids. The study identifies novel relationships among species, including confirmation of a second muntjac species in Borneo and polyphyletic genera in New World deer.
Researchers found that pulsed electric field treatment reduced scar size by 58% and improved skin properties after burn injuries in rats. The technology works on a cellular level, targeting specific cells to promote tissue growth and repair.
The University of Texas at Arlington has received a $343,104 Navy grant to test the performance of batteries in full shipboard systems. With the OPAL-RT Hardware in the Loop platform, researchers will simulate battery behavior and predict its integration with shipboard systems.
Researchers found that ancient turtles' shells evolved from broadened ribs for burrowing, not protection, in a study published in Current Biology. The discovery sheds light on the earliest beginnings of the turtle shell's unique structure.
The NSF has awarded $12 million to develop systems that use photons in pre-determined quantum states for encrypting data. Researchers will engineer a quantum communication system on a chip, which could operate at room temperature with low energy.
A new study by University of Toronto researchers found that increased Gαq/11 signaling inhibits the anabolic response to PTH and exercise in mice. This suggests that suppressing Gαq/11 signaling could be a promising target for treating bone loss.
A team of researchers has found that the temperature can cause significant volume changes and micro-cracking in cement paste due to water physics. This is because water freezes or evaporates from the smallest pores, causing stresses and expanding the material.