A new study published in The Journal of Pediatrics found that maternal involvement is the greatest contributor to long-term neurobehavioral development in preterm infants, with a single-family room NICU allowing for greater and most immediate opportunities for maternal involvement.
The gut microbiome plays a complex role in cognitive and psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Researchers are exploring synthetic biology to develop engineered bacteria that can remodel the gut microbiota and treat these conditions.
Recent neutrino discoveries by T2K and NOvA experiments at Colorado State University provide evidence of oscillations between neutrinos and antineutrinos, violating a longstanding physics principle. The findings hint at the universe's matter-antimatter imbalance and offer opportunities to study the weak nuclear force.
Researchers found that platelets must undergo a process called mitochondrial necrosis, where they release calcium and reactive oxygen species, causing the cell to collapse. This programmed death allows platelets to transition into super-activated states, which accelerate blood clotting.
A team of Danish researchers has developed a new method for creating artificial proteins by combining oligonucleotides and peptides. This breakthrough could lead to better treatments for diseases like cancer and diabetes, as well as improved control over protein properties.
A new graduate education program at the University of Missouri is receiving $700,000 to train psychology doctoral candidates in integrated primary care settings. The goal is to enhance healthcare for underserved populations with mental health and physical disorders.
A weakness in Linux operating systems allows attackers to track users' online activity, terminate connections, and inject false material into their communications. Researchers identified the vulnerability and have alerted Linux about it, resulting in patches applied to the latest Linux version.
Research identifies ACMSD enzyme as key player in regulating inflammation and its byproducts, which may contribute to depression and suicidal tendencies. The study found reduced activity of the enzyme in patients who have attempted suicide, suggesting a potential biomarker for identifying individuals at risk.
Scientists from Russia and Australia have developed a simple new way to count microscopic particles in optical materials using laser diffraction. This method allows for the structure and shape of any optical material to be determined without expensive electron or atomic-force microscopy.
Researchers from MIT and Indiana University developed a new system to protect genomic database privacy through differential privacy. The system adds noise to query results, making it difficult for attackers to extract private information.
Researchers found no increase in emergency department visits in states that expanded Medicaid compared to those that didn't. However, Medicaid expansion led to a 27% increase in Medicaid-paid emergency department visits and a 31% decrease in uninsured visits.
Experimental psychologists at Oxford University found that 32% of people were convinced they saw an object disappear, even though none was shown. The study suggests people confuse expectations with sensory experiences, leading to misperception.
Researchers investigate relationship between hydration heat and concrete strength, establishing a preliminary hydration heat model to predict heat release in later-age concrete. The study finds that increasing concrete strength reduces hydration heat, improving pipe cooling effects and controlling temperature peaks.
The project, which maps personal relationships among historical figures, will be improved and expanded with the grant. The team plans to connect the network with other digital resources and work on preserving it.
Hurricane Earl caused extreme rain in southern Mexico, with some areas receiving up to 43.3 inches of rain. The remnants of the storm interacted with another weather system, forming Tropical Storm Javier.
Researchers at Whitehead Institute have identified the pre-mouth array, a region of the developing face that
The USPSTF found inadequate evidence to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for lipid disorders in children. Short-term trials have shown reductions in LDL-C levels with pharmacotherapy, but long-term effects are unclear.
The RIT/NTID information and computing studies department has launched a new associate degree program in mobile application development with funding from the National Science Foundation. The program is based on the Xamarin cross-platform approach to mobile app development.
A Japanese research group has determined the crystal structure of the JUNO protein, an essential egg surface protein for fertilization. The study found that a specific amino acid residue, W62, is critical for sperm-egg interaction, providing new insights into the fertilization mechanism.
A team of University of Houston researchers has identified novel regulators of heart formation, including microRNAs, which can convert human fibroblasts into heart muscles. These findings hold promise for treating human heart attack and subsequent heart failure within the next five to 10 years.
Researchers found a molecular switch that flips between different versions of genes, enabling stem cells to regenerate and differentiate across all animals. This discovery suggests an ancient mechanism critical for animal stem cell properties.
A study published in eLife found no significant difference in the rate of mutations leading to drug resistance between HIV-positive and negative TB patients. HIV co-infection accelerates the development of active TB but does not increase the evolution of multidrug-resistant strains.
Tropical Storm Conson is facing strong southwesterly wind shear, pushing clouds and showers to the northeast of its center. The storm is expected to intensify into a typhoon over open waters on August 12 before weakening commences.
A new approach using metabolic imaging could help determine a patient's response to targeted therapies much earlier and with greater precision than traditional tumor shrinkage. This method recognizes a drug's ability to stop cancer cells' energy overuse, allowing for more accurate assessments of treatment success.
Research from the University of Southampton found that financial difficulties worsen symptoms of anxiety and depression among university students. The study suggests a 'vicious cycle' where financial struggles exacerbate mental health issues, which in turn increase financial stress.
A study published in JAMA found that only 34% of patients with stable INR values while taking warfarin remained stable over the subsequent year, indicating that predicting stability is difficult. Non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants may offer improved safety and efficacy but are more costly.
African-American adolescent girls prefer straightened hair and avoid sweating during exercise due to concerns about ruining their hairstyle. The study explores the impact of cultural pressure on physical activity among black teens, finding a consistent theme across three states.
A study published by Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center reveals the molecular pathways responsible for heart anomalies in sickle cell anemia. The research opens a path to non-invasive diagnosis and development of new targeted therapies, aiming to improve quality of life and reduce mortality among SCA patients.
Stowaway frogs being stopped by border security reduces the risk of introduction of new diseases by up to 50%. Biosecurity measures are crucial in preventing the spread of emerging diseases that have devastated native frog populations worldwide.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology created a boron carrier system that uses albumin to target tumors, improving the delivery of boron in cancer treatment. The new system was tested on mice and showed promising results, with high concentrations of boron in tumors and low levels in healthy cells.
A multi-disciplinary team analyzed the Piltdown specimens using DNA and 3D X-ray imaging, revealing that an orang-utan specimen was used to create the fakes. The forgeries were created using a consistent method, suggesting the perpetrator acted alone, with some researchers now accusing Charles Dawson of being the 'lone forger'.
Researchers describe distinct stages of prion disease in the mouse retina and define a model to test therapeutic approaches. They found that misfolded prion protein accumulation and inflammatory responses occur at specific time points, allowing for potential therapy evaluation.
Researchers found that certain immune cells can recognize cancerous changes before a human tumor is clinically recognizable. However, these T cells are quickly silenced by the tumor, making them non-functional. The study's findings highlight potential strategies to rescue and improve immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors.
Pokémon Go has been linked to increased physical activity and social connections, with players walking longer distances and interacting with strangers in public spaces. However, the game also carries risks, such as accidents and thefts, that have sparked concerns about its impact on mental health.
Tropical Depression 08W has improved convective structure and deep formative banding, indicating potential intensification. The storm is expected to reach typhoon strength by Aug. 11 as it moves west-northwest through the Northwestern Pacific Ocean.
A recent study by Princeton University and Simons Foundation researchers has identified over 2,500 candidate genes that may contribute to autism spectrum disorder. The machine-learning program analyzed the human genome to predict which genes are at risk of causing the condition.
SayVU, a Ben-Gurion University startup, has been deployed at the Rio Olympics to provide a distress signal feature, enabling users to quickly alert emergency services. The technology also provides real-time event and emergency reporting to authorities.
A new study found that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARB) have similar results in reducing cardiovascular events in patients on peritoneal dialysis. The researchers surveyed records of Medicare Part D patients and found no significant difference between the two medication classes.
Researchers create functional coatings with microorganism-resistance, self-cleaning and anti-reflecting properties. The new materials have potential for various applications, including seagoing vessels, mobile phone screens and spectacle lenses.
Researchers from MIT and Lincoln Laboratory have developed a prototype chip that can trap ions in an electric field with built-in optics, enabling the miniaturization of qubit technology. This breakthrough could lead to practical quantum computers by scaling up trapped-ion quantum information processing.
Research published in Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience found that seasonal allergies can lead to increased neuron production in the hippocampus, a region responsible for forming new memories. This discovery raises questions about the long-term consequences of allergies on brain development and function.
A new study published in Nature Medicine found that over 90% of latent HIV 'provirus' genomes are genetic duds, unable to replicate and cause disease. This challenges the current methods for measuring the size of the reservoir, highlighting a need for more accurate counting methods.
Researchers found that babies born to mothers on high-fat diets had distinct gut microbiomes with fewer Bacteroides microbes, affecting energy extraction and immune system development. The study suggests a potential link between maternal diet and infant microbiome, emphasizing the importance of considering fat intake in prenatal care.
Researchers at Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences developed a large-scale screening process to identify new OLED materials. The team discovered a large set of high-performing blue OLED materials using machine learning and cheminformatics, which could improve the efficiency and stability of OLED displays.
Researchers found that tiger sharks prefer to scavenge on dead and dying green turtles, avoiding hundreds of healthy individuals. This behavior is similar to terrestrial carnivores, such as hyenas and polar bears, which selectively scavenge when the opportunity arises.
Researchers discovered that microglia brain immune cells play a major role in the initiation and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Targeting these cells within a few days after nerve injury can greatly reduce chronic pain in animals. This breakthrough could lead to more effective painkillers with fewer side effects.
Researchers discovered that ambling horses first appeared in Medieval England, where they were bred by Vikings and later distributed globally. The genetic study found a specific variant of the DMRT3 gene associated with gaitedness in ancient horse remains.
Researchers found high levels of pesticides and contaminants in California condors near the coast compared to inland birds. The study suggests that feeding on marine mammal carcasses could complicate condor recovery due to potential harm from toxic substances.
A Binghamton University study explores how societal expectations of masculinity impact experiences of living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. Participants who met traditional notions of masculinity reported less stigma, while those who did not fared worse.
A large study of British adults found that volunteering in middle and older age is associated with good mental health, while no such link was seen before the age of 40. Volunteering at certain points of the life course may be more meaningful and have protective effects on health status.
Researchers from IceCube Neutrino Observatory find no evidence of sterile neutrino in two independent analyses of data, suggesting the hypothesized particle may not be real. This discovery could help resolve puzzles related to dark matter and neutrino mass.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center report a novel compound, tetraaryl cyclobutane (CB), that blocks testosterone from fueling prostate tumor growth in mice. The compound has a unique mechanism of action and may be effective against prostate tumors resistant to current anti-androgen drugs.
Researchers found that cricket populations have innate social rules, resulting in stable networks that form year after year. The study, published in BMC Evolutionary Biology, suggests that these networks are conserved over evolutionary time, influenced more by population size than environmental changes.
A study led by Daniel Kelly identified MondoA as a regulator of key pathways controlling glucose uptake and fat accumulation in muscle cells. Deactivation of MondoA resulted in enhanced glucose uptake and insulin signaling in mice, indicating potential therapeutic targets for preventing and treating obesity-related insulin resistance.
Australian researchers have discovered a new class of anti-cancer agents targeting MCL-1, which may be effective in treating multiple myeloma. The majority of myelomas rely on MCL-1 to stay alive, and inhibiting it has shown potential as a treatment approach for the majority of patients.
Scientists have successfully decoded the DNA of Okinawa mozuku, a valuable seaweed species with unique properties. The study provides a platform for future research on its cultivation, growth, and health benefits, aiming to restore production levels and promote sustainable farming practices.
Researchers found that inactivating mutations in STAG2 or STAG3 can reactivate the MAPK cell-growth pathway, leading to treatment resistance. Knockdown of these proteins reduced sensitivity to BRAF inhibition, while increasing their expression increased treatment effectiveness.
A study published in Frontiers in Microbiology found that pesticides applied to hives to control Varroa mites can damage the gut microbiome of honeybees, impacting their ability to metabolize sugars and peptides. The research suggests that these chemicals can specifically harm the microbes crucial for honey bee nutrition and health.
The study found that despite progress toward universal coverage, citizens still reported gaps in primary care organization, financing, and delivery in six Latin American and Caribbean countries. People with better experiences at the primary care level were less likely to say their health system needed major reforms.
The BMC Ecology Image Competition 2016 featured a diverse range of images showcasing biodiversity, natural beauty, and biological interactions. Davide Gaglio's silhouette of antelope grazing against the sunrise in the Kalahari Desert won the top prize.