Researchers have developed a new model to study the phenomenon of secondary bacterial pneumonia caused by S. aureus and influenza A virus. The model, which simulates the natural pathogenesis of infection, reveals that viral infection induces bacteria to disseminate to the lungs.
Researchers have identified key proteins involved in regulating gene expression in blood cells, which could lead to the development of more effective breast cancer treatments. The study's findings may also help explain how existing drugs work inside human cells.
A growing number of scientists argue that sex hormones and other variables affect how therapeutics behave, necessitating male and female inclusion in trials. Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle can significantly impact research, making it essential to consider these differences when testing drugs or transplant tolerance.
A new study found that positive teacher-student relationships around age 10-11 can influence prosocial behaviors such as cooperation and altruism, reducing problem classroom behaviors like aggression. The beneficial effects lingered for up to four years.
Researchers found that brain activity of people who dream during NREM sleep is closer to awake brain activity than those who do not dream. The study used TMS-EEG measurements, which showed that the longer a person's dream story was, the more similar their EEG resembled that of an awake person.
A laboratory study reveals that rising water temperatures have a more significant impact on copepods than ocean acidification, affecting their body size and fatty acid content. The study suggests that food webs will deteriorate due to decreased food quality.
A study of US adults with diabetes found that overall diabetic kidney disease prevalence remained stable from 1988 to 2014, while albuminuria declined and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) increased. The prevalence of reduced eGFR was higher among younger and non-Hispanic white populations.
A recent study published in Cell Metabolism has discovered that a compound called NAD can reverse muscle degeneration in mice with tissue aging. The research, led by the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, found that NAD supplementation improved muscle function and reduced inflammation in aged mice.
A solar storm in May 1967 jammed radar and radio communications at the height of the Cold War, prompting a potential military conflict. However, thanks to the U.S. Air Force's space weather forecasting efforts, the military action was prevented, and the nation avoided a disastrous nuclear exchange.
Research found no significant differences in post-operative complications or mortality between African American and white patients treated in a universally insured military health system. In contrast, uninsured or Medicaid-receiving African Americans experienced significantly higher odds of mortality, complications, and readmission aft...
Researchers suggest that analyzing and countering terrorist narratives can be an effective way to reduce recruitment. By understanding the processes used by terrorists to persuade people to join their groups, experts can craft counter-narratives that contradict these themes and promote alternative messages.
Researchers at NREL and Shanghai Jiao Tong University develop a method to treat perovskite films with MABr solution, repairing defects and improving efficiency. The new approach boosts the efficiency of perovskite solar cells to up to 19% and demonstrates improved reproducibility.
A study found that nearly half of US adults consume sugar-sweetened beverages daily, and two-thirds eat discretionary foods like cookies and candy. Despite supermarket access, these unhealthy choices persist, suggesting a need to address junk food marketing and nutrition education.
High-precision optical clocks in Europe are connected via a 1400 km optical fibre link, confirming excellent quality of the connection. The connection allows for ultrastable high-precision optical reference signals to be disseminated to various users.
Researchers identified GALNT2 gene as a regulator of HDL-C levels through its effects on phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) function. The study found that humans, mice, and rats lacking GALNT2 had low HDL levels compared to models with normal GALNT2 function.
The NIDA grant will fund a new center combining behavioral neuroscientists, computational biologists, and geneticists to study addiction mechanisms. Researchers will analyze mouse populations with high genetic variation to identify predisposing traits, correlating them with human genomes.
A new study analyzes breast tumors before and after hormone-reduction therapy, revealing the genetic complexity of these tumors and their varying responses to estrogen-deprivation treatments. The findings suggest that analyzing a single sample is insufficient for understanding how a patient should be treated.
A study published in American Journal of Kidney Diseases found that following a DASH-style diet can lower the risk of developing chronic kidney disease over two decades. The diet, which emphasizes whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy, was also shown to reduce blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk.
Researchers used advanced computational methods to demystify complex catalytic chemistry in fuel cells, bringing cost-effective alternatives closer to reality. The study reveals that water plays a huge role in dictating which hydrogen atom breaks free from methanol first.
The US government aims to cut greenhouse gas emissions from light-duty vehicles by 80% by 2050, but current approaches may not be enough. NREL research suggests that a combination of electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, vehicle connectivity, and automation could significantly reduce emissions.
Breast milk from women who give premature birth differs in macro and micro nutrients, with higher levels of certain nutrients to compensate for the baby's underdevelopment. The new method offers a possibility to customize milk for premature infants.
A new study by UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers found that nearly 20% of hospitalized adults are discharged with one or more vital sign instabilities. Patients who had vital sign abnormalities on the day of discharge had higher rates of hospital readmission and death within 30 days.
A research team from Penn Nursing, University of Michigan School of Nursing and Emory's School of Public Health is awarded a $9 million grant to test an HIV prevention intervention for adolescent men who have sex with men. The iCON intervention offers life skills training and community-based resources through an online app.
The study compared seven ventilation strategies and found that LISA, a non-invasive ventilation strategy, was the most effective in preventing death and/or chronic lung disease in preterm infants. On average, LISA resulted in 164 fewer preterm babies dying or having long-term breathing problems.
Researchers from USF College of Marine Science and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission expect no major red tide blooms along Florida's west coast this year. Nutrient levels in the Gulf of Mexico favor non-toxic algae, suppressing red tide bloom development.
A study found an association between Zika virus infection and arthrogryposis, a joint deformity condition at birth. Children with arthrogryposis and congenital Zika virus syndrome showed signs of brain calcification.
A study by GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel reveals that climate change and eutrophication could lead to a decline in bladder wrack, a crucial species in the Baltic Sea ecosystem. Rising temperatures and increased nutrient supply have negative effects on the seaweed's biomass, while smaller species of algae benefit from ...
A study by Markus Paulus found that preschoolers (3-5 years) expect reciprocity in social interactions, even before it's explicitly taught. This strategic behavior is rooted in the understanding of relative amounts of social capital they build with others.
Research by University of North Texas historian Constance Hilliard reveals that West African women living in regions without dairy farming have a lower rate of postmenopausal hip fractures caused by osteoporosis than their East African peers. This paradox is due to genetic adaptation to low-calcium diets, which disadvantage bone strength.
A new trap using human odor has reduced malaria mosquito populations by 70% and malaria cases by 30% on the Kenyan island of Rusinga. The combination of the odour-baited trap with nets, anti-malaria drugs, and social strategies effectively combats malaria and improves living conditions.
A study by Harvard researchers found unsafe levels of toxic chemicals PFASs in public drinking water supplies for six million people in the US. The highest levels were detected near industrial sites, military fire training areas, and wastewater treatment plants.
A new device replicates the crucial interface between endothelial cells and circulating blood, enabling the diagnosis of blood clotting disorders and monitoring of anti-platelet therapy. The device uses chemically fixed human endothelial cells to mimic cellular and vascular flow conditions, increasing robustness and diagnostic accuracy.
Researchers found that treating human breast cancer tumors with estrogen-deprivation therapy changes the spectrum of mutations in the tumor population. This suggests using this information to improve cancer treatment. The study also discovered 'collision tumors' - separate tumors of different origin growing closely together, undiagnose...
Researchers identified new mechanisms controlling stem cell properties in flatworms, including alternative splicing processes that operate only in stem cells. The study also reveals a previously unknown interaction between proteins MBNL and CELF, which may have implications for human regenerative medicine.
This study explores the structural features of quercetin derivatives that inhibit EGFR protein in NSCLC cells. The researchers developed a pharmacophore model that identified key features, such as hydrogen bond acceptors and aromatic rings, which are associated with effective inhibition.
Researchers at Duke University used single-molecule force-spectroscopy to study Protein S, a large protein found in nature. They discovered a previously unknown stable conformation made possible by the interaction between two domains, which may help explain why some proteins are more stable than others.
A study found that individuals with smaller hippocampi are more likely to have a combination of genetic risk factors associated with an increased risk of psychosis. This discovery may lead to the development of personalized treatment strategies for schizophrenia.
A Mediterranean diet has been shown to improve cognitive function and slow down cognitive decline. The diet's focus on plant-based foods, low dairy intake, and olive oil as a primary source of fat may contribute to its benefits.
Researchers at Clemson University are launching a new study using their developed 'microcosm' method to investigate how solvents degrade in rock, which could help determine the need for costly cleanups. The study aims to simulate groundwater flow and test how much solvent is released from rock cores at different sites.
Researchers at Australian National University predict that a warmer climate could lead to a decrease in dengue transmission in certain regions, such as northeast Australia. This finding is relevant to other mosquito-borne viruses like Zika, and highlights the need for continued monitoring of global health impacts.
A Duke University-led study finds that 42% of Southeast Asia's endemic species face a higher risk of extinction from habitat loss than previously thought. Over 200 newly identified species are not currently listed as threatened or endangered by the IUCN.
A study by University of Washington researchers found that the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease has remained relatively stable over 30 years, but its clinical manifestations have changed significantly. Albuminuria rates decreased, while reduced glomerular filtration rate increased.
Researchers successfully combined a heart monitoring device with an existing CEW to detect and store cardiac rhythms, producing both incapacitating charges and interpretable EKG signals. The modified prototype demonstrates the potential for safety measures like cardiac biomonitoring to be incorporated into law enforcement devices.
Researchers at VIB-KU Leuven have unraveled the mechanism by which DYT1 dystonia causes cellular defects, linking it to dysregulation of lipids. The findings may lead to new medical approaches to overcome this poorly understood condition.
Scientists propose a new framework to understand plant extinctions, identifying six thresholds that species cross before becoming extinct. The study highlights the slow pace of plant extinction and the need for urgent action to protect declining native species.
Researchers from the Niels Bohr Institute analyzed thousands of neutrinos in the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole. They could not find any signs of a sterile neutrino, which would help explain dark matter and the imbalance of matter over antimatter in the universe.
Researchers at TU Munich and Weizmann Institute successfully recreated DNA condensation on a biochip, replicating the tightly packed structure found in cell nuclei and viruses. This breakthrough enables better understanding of biological processes and potential applications in artificial cells.
A study published in The BMJ found that higher total physical activity levels are strongly associated with a lower risk of five common chronic diseases. Most health gains occur at a level of 3000-4000 MET minutes a week, suggesting that current recommended minimum levels may not be sufficient to achieve larger reductions in risks.
A research team has developed a method to 'freeze' newly created microbubbles in their tracks, enabling potential applications in medicine, such as ultrasound contrast agents and gas embolotherapy. This breakthrough could also improve the nuclear industry by controlling microbubbles in liquid sodium coolant.
A new study by UCLA researchers found that Bisphenol S (BPS) damages a woman's eggs at lower doses than BPA. The study exposed roundworms to various concentrations of BPA and/or BPS, revealing decreased fertility in those exposed to either chemical.
A study of stud dogs over 26 years found a significant decline in sperm quality, with chemicals in dog food and testes contributing to the issue. This may offer insight into human semen quality decline, as dogs share similar environments and exhibit similar responses to therapies.
A study at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found that obesity prevalence increased from 22% to 32% among cancer survivors between 1997 and 2014. Colorectal and breast cancer survivors, as well as non-Hispanic blacks, were particularly affected.
Researchers have successfully developed three novel approaches to restoring vision in individuals with severe eye injuries. Dr. Rizzo's team aims to bypass the damaged optic nerve, while Dr. Weitz's team focuses on generating precise images without causing inaccurate visual field distortions. Meanwhile, Dr. Kao explores using optical p...
A recent study has uncovered evidence of HIV-related retroviruses dating back 60 million years, challenging previous estimates of their origin. The research, led by Daniel Elleder, analyzed genomic data from the Malayan flying lemur and reconstructed ancient viral genomes.
Researchers suggest that duration of T-cell interactions with dendritic cells may be key to matching immune response to infection severity. Understanding this process could lead to advancements in vaccine development and the study of autoimmune diseases.
Researchers propose that natural selection favors strong anti-cancer protection in small, critical organs like the heart and brain. The study suggests that these organs are more resistant to tumor formation due to their smaller size and importance for human survival.
A study led by University of California, Irvine ecologists found that wild blue mussel numbers have declined by over 60% along the Gulf of Maine coastline. The decline is attributed to warming oceans and increased human harvesting, which heighten physiological stress and mortality rates in the mussels.
Researchers developed an algorithm called JAMMIT that uses advanced mathematics to identify patterns across multiple molecular data types. The algorithm can accurately predict which patients would benefit most from chemotherapy and combining it with immunotherapy, leading to improved clinical outcomes and reduced costs.
A new cerebral protection device has been shown to reduce the number and volume of brain lesions in high-risk patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. The study found significant reductions in brain damage and adverse events, but calls for further research to assess long-term effects.
The study aims to determine the health needs of children within HISD through a three-year analysis of physical, social, and mental health. The researchers will use online questionnaires, focus groups, and community-based participatory research to gather data on 250 schools.