Researchers identified a link between Huntington's disease and dysfunction of the subthalamic nucleus, leading to progressive loss of nerve cells and debilitating symptoms. The study suggests that early problems in the subthalamic nucleus contribute to the development of the disease.
Researchers have developed small proteins called peptides that selectively block a certain type of G-protein signaling. These peptides will be used to study this process in cells and develop potential drugs for diseases involving abnormal G-protein signaling, including melanoma.
Grasping actions have been shown to accelerate the brain's comprehension process, allowing for a faster interpretation of words. This new method could be used in therapies for aphasia, a language disorder affecting stroke patients, by utilizing motor training through grip movements to strengthen word recognition.
Scientists have discovered a new species of coral-reef fish, Tosanoides obama, that lives exclusively within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. The fish is special because it is the only known species of coral-reef fish endemic to the Monument.
Researchers found rotator cuff tendon overuse leads to degeneration of the shoulder tendon and osteoarthritis-like changes to neighboring cartilage. The study may help clinicians determine optimal treatment for tendon overuse injuries, reducing further damage.
Researchers at Emory University School of Medicine have engineered a live attenuated RSV vaccine candidate that is highly effective in mice and cotton rats. The vaccine, called OE4, induces high levels of antibody production while maintaining its immunogenicity, making it a promising candidate for further clinical investigation.
A study by Stacey Sigmon found that an Interim Buprenorphine Treatment regimen significantly reduced illicit opioid use and psychological symptoms in waitlisted adults. The treatment involved daily monitoring calls and bi-weekly clinic visits, resulting in excellent adherence rates.
MSU scientists engineer molecular Velcro into cyanobacteria, enhancing their biofuel potential and ability to form artificial microbial communities. The technology may improve the efficiency of harvesting algae and reduce production costs for sustainable biofuels.
The DFG is funding 12 projects to develop new instrumentation technologies for basic research. A new X-ray system will be built at the Technical University of Kaiserslautern, enabling researchers to analyze reinforced concrete components in unprecedented detail.
A groundbreaking study has shown that baby reef fish possess an internal magnetic 'compass' that enables them to swim towards their home reef at night. The researchers, led by Professor Mike Kingsford, found that the tiny Cardinal fish can use their magnetic senses to orient themselves in total darkness.
Researchers discovered unusual phenomena in a single cerium hexaboride crystal, exceeding theoretical expectations and sparking new research directions. The study offers a way to test the validity of accepted scientific theories, emphasizing the importance of recognizing fundamental results over practical applications.
A new study suggests that reduced neural adaptation in people with dyslexia may underlie their difficulty learning to read. This reduced plasticity affects not only reading but also other perceptual tasks, indicating a broader impact on the brain.
Researchers studied data from Ashley Madison to identify key characteristics of its users. Income proved to be a significant factor, indicating the service behaves like a luxury good. Religiosity also showed a notable correlation with user spending rates, decreasing by 18% for every additional religious congregation per 1,000 people.
Tropical Cyclone Yvette formed in the Indian Ocean with intense thunderstorms and heavy rainfall rates of over 127 mm per hour. The GPM satellite revealed the 3D structure of precipitation in storms near the center of circulation, with some storm tops reaching altitudes above 17 km.
Researchers found that food withdrawal leads to the accumulation of p53 protein in liver cells, playing a crucial role in metabolic adaptation to starvation. This discovery may pave the way for new treatments for patients with metabolic or cancer-related disorders.
A new study published in The New England Journal of Medicine found that a shortened five-day antimicrobial treatment regimen for middle ear infections in young children is less effective than the standard 10-day regimen. The study also failed to show a significant reduction in antibiotic resistance threat.
Researchers at Binghamton University have created a bacteria-powered battery on a single sheet of paper that can power disposable electronics. The device is self-sustained and requires minimal fabrication time and cost.
Research suggests that climate change affects microbial biodiversity most strongly in natural environments and those with high nutrient levels. The study found that warming temperatures lead to a decline in biodiversity as enrichment increases.
A UCLA study found high rates of moderate-to-high drug use in East Los Angeles (19.4%) and Tijuana (5.7%). Screening could steer people away from risky drug use with just a few minutes of counseling.
A landmark trial found that shortened antibiotic courses for ear infections in young children (9-23 months) resulted in more treatment failures and adverse events without reducing antibiotic resistance. The study showed a significantly higher risk of recurrent infections when residual fluid was present after treatment.
A University of Florida study found that discrimination interacts with certain genetic variants to alter blood pressure and increase the risk of hypertension. Vicarious unfair treatment, or experiencing discrimination through close friends and family, also had a significant impact on stress levels.
MIT engineers analyzed a simple vehicle-platooning scenario and found that relatively simple scheduling policies can save fuel and minimize delays for autonomous vehicle fleets. The findings may also apply to conventional long-distance trucking and ride-sharing services.
Researchers at Penn have identified a mechanism by which mitochondria can drive changes in nuclear gene expression associated with tumor progression. The epigenetic process involves a protein triggered by mitochondrial oxidative or metabolic stress, leading to reduced cancer gene expression when blocked.
A new imaging genetics study has linked dopamine genes to music's impact on mood and emotions. The study found that a functional variation in the DRD2 gene affects how music influences mood states and brain activity.
Researchers at the University of Nevada, Reno have modeled how a colloidal droplet evaporates and found a previously overlooked mechanism that determines particle deposition dynamics. The discovery builds on existing work, allowing scientists to manipulate solute particles by altering surface tension.
A Norwegian ground-breaking study reveals that the mouth and anus do not originate from a common blastopore as previously thought. The research suggests that the formation of either organ is a consequence of how each embryo is organized during early development.
A study led by the University of Pittsburgh found that teenage girls in urban settings took significantly fewer steps per day than their suburban counterparts, averaging only about 5% of the recommended daily activity level. This disparity puts them at risk for poor quality of life and chronic diseases.
A new study found that consuming gelatin supplements combined with intense exercise can improve collagen synthesis and strengthen engineered lab-grown ligaments. The research suggests a potential role for gelatin and vitamin C in injury prevention and tissue repair.
A new approach to prevent burn injury infections was developed by UTSW researchers, which targets the bacteria's ability to bind to host cells rather than killing them. The method, using an engineered adhesion inhibitor molecule, substantially decreased bacterial levels and prevented infection for three days.
A special issue of Cancer Epidemiology shows that cancer registries in Kenya, Uganda, Colombia, India, and Barbados can provide valuable data for policy-making on cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment. The low cost of registration per person and economies of scale make them a viable option for resource-constrained countries.
Researchers from Charles University capture first living golden jackal in the Czech Republic, setting a precedent for the species' expansion into central Europe. The animal's long-term persistence in its habitat suggests that climate change and human activities may be facilitating its spread.
Researchers developed an efficient process to rapidly discover new 'enediyne natural products' from soil microbes that could be further developed into extremely potent anticancer drugs. The study highlights microbial natural products as abundant sources of new drug leads, saving time and resources compared to traditional approaches.
A study published in mBio found that fecal microbiota transplantation was effective in treating recurrent C. difficile infection, with cure rates over 90%. The researchers identified specific microorganisms, such as Clostridium Xia clade and Holdemania, which are key for a successful transplant.
Adolescents with autism face significant stress as they transition to adulthood, with difficulties in accessing services and adapting to change being major concerns. Social workers can play a vital role in supporting families by coordinating essential services such as medical treatment and independent living.
A pilot study at Nationwide Children's Hospital demonstrates that a local learning health system can improve clinical quality while reducing healthcare costs. The study implemented an electronic health record and robust care coordination system, resulting in significant reductions in hospital days, admissions, and urgent care visits, a...
Scientists at SISSA have developed a method to stimulate genes to work twice as hard to compensate for missing genes, potentially treating diseases like Rett's syndrome by leveraging the gene's natural endogenous regulation
A new breast cancer model developed by Kaiser Permanente researcher Matthew P. Banegas accurately predicts breast cancer risk in Hispanic patients based on data from Hispanic women. The model, added to the National Cancer Institute's online tool, corrects underestimation of breast cancer risk in Hispanic women.
Grapes are the third most common cause of food-related choking after hot dogs and sweets in young children. The small airways, lack of teeth, and easily distracted nature make them prone to choking hazards.
A recent study found that fragmented forest edges in New England absorb more carbon than expected due to increased growth rates, but also experience more heat stress. This mixed outcome suggests that while forests may be valuable carbon sinks, they are also sensitive to climate change.
Researchers found that exposure to malaria's blood stage inhibits the formation of protective immune cells and antibodies. This discovery highlights the need for a vaccine that targets both stages of infection to effectively prevent malaria.
Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center found that sunlight, through a separate mechanism from vitamin D production, increases the movement of T cells. This activation enhances immune response and may have therapeutic potential for boosting immunity.
A study by Boston University professor Robert Kaufmann found that experiencing record high or low temperatures affects people's belief in climate change. Local high and low temperatures can influence whether individuals in the US believe in global warming, with recent record lows promoting skepticism.
Scientists have developed a new material that exhibits both ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism, promising improved computer memory. The material, BiFe1-xCoxO3 (BFCO), can store information in a low-power consumption manner.
A team of Mexican scientists used tennis, chess, golf, poker, and football performances to identify universal features in hierarchical structure creation. They found that ranking hierarchies may be driven by the same underlying generic mechanisms as rank formation, regardless of sport characteristics.
An international team of researchers has spatially mapped molecules produced by an intact, complex microbial community for the first time. They used imaging mass spectrometry to track and plot metabolites made by both bacterial and fungal lichen members.
A Danish study found that mothers of infants with major congenital anomalies were at a higher risk of death from cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and other causes. The study also found an increased risk during the first decade after the child's birth.
Researchers use neutron diffraction to study high-pressure and high-temperature phases of solid carbon dioxide, shedding light on the Earth's carbon cycle and potential for carbon substitution with silicon dioxide. The study provides new insights into the behavior of carbon dioxide under extreme conditions.
Researchers mapped the molecular pathways and signaling circuits of CD8+ T cells responding to infections and cancer. They identified novel biological pathways and discovered highly dynamic processes as these cells develop. The study aims to help advance vaccine development and cancer immunotherapy.
Researchers at the University of Lincoln have secured £300,000 funding to develop an automated social network analysis tool for monitoring zebrafish and rainbow trout welfare.
Researchers developed a model to forecast volcanic eruption impacts, analyzing past Mount Etna's eruption. This will help civil defence agencies prepare for potential UK threats.
The grant will support a new research program focused on 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, an incurable genetic disorder associated with delayed intellectual development and psychiatric conditions. Einstein's IDDRC will also provide critical support for dozens of ongoing studies in intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Rice University scientists studied physical and computer models of heart valves to learn how oxygen feeds them. The study revealed that aortic and mitral valves handle stress differently, with the former prompting angiogenesis and the latter transforming into cartilage-like tissue. Understanding these mechanisms can lead to new ways to...
Preliminary research suggests that using a commercial brand of mouthwash can help kill off gonorrhea bacteria and control its spread. Daily rinsing with the product reduced viable gonorrhoea in the throat by 52% compared to saline solution.
Professor Daniel Zilberman has received a Consolidator Grant from the European Research Council to study epigenetic information transmission in plant generations. This research is crucial for improving human health and nutrition, as well as developing sustainable agriculture practices.
UMass Amherst nursing students are trained in the screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) technique to identify signs of substance abuse and provide early interventions. The program aims to equip healthcare workers with skills to address addictive behaviors and promote holistic approaches to patient care.
A study by Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found that states with medical marijuana laws experienced an 11% reduction in traffic fatalities, with the greatest impact on drivers aged 15-24 and 25-44. Dispensaries were also associated with a significant reduction in traffic fatalities among this age group.
Researchers from Ruhr-University Bochum found that capsaicin, an active ingredient in chilli peppers, inhibits the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells by activating the TRPV1 receptor. The treatment also causes tumour cells to die and reduces their ability to form metastases.
Researchers found that complex reaction time accuracy, or 'brain speed,' is a key factor in determining an older person's ability to recover from a trip or stumble. This measure was shown to be more predictive of fall-related injuries than lower limb strength and perception of motion.
Researchers found that a high-fat, low-sugar diet for 72 hours prior to diagnostic imaging improved the accuracy of diagnosing cardiac sarcoidosis. This technique minimizes indeterminate findings and allows clinicians to better monitor patient progress under treatment.
Scientists used a novel measurement technique to magnify time and study ultrafast intense pulses of light, confirming theoretical predictions. The technique has implications for understanding giant rogue waves on the ocean and extreme events in nature.