The NIH has launched a Phase 3 clinical trial to test the efficacy and safety of a long-acting injectable drug, cabotegravir, for HIV prevention. The study aims to compare the effectiveness of injectable cabotegravir with daily oral Truvada in protecting against HIV infection.
Swansea University researchers have conducted the first precision study of antihydrogen, a key step towards understanding why matter and antimatter exist. By measuring the spectrum of light emitted from excited antihydrogen atoms, they hope to shed light on the Big Bang's central question: what led to the creation of our universe.
A study of 2,394 adults aged 77-101 found that poor vision worsened over time, leading to decreased physical activity and mental stimulation. The researchers suggest that preventing vision loss may also help delay physical and cognitive decline.
Researchers found that waffles baked on steel plates at a high temperature for a short amount of time minimize sticking and reduce product loss. The study also identified the optimal baking temperature and type of release agent to achieve this result.
Researchers have shown that weak attraction forces between proteins can greatly impact diffusion in densely concentrated protein molecules, similar to those found in living cells. This phenomenon has significant implications for understanding biological processes and their regulation.
The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry report finds that ECLS is becoming more widely available and frequently used globally. Adults with respiratory failure are the fastest-growing group of ECLS patients, while rates of survival to hospital discharge have improved for this age group. In contrast, newborns with re...
Researchers at Forschungszentrum Jülich have developed a simpler method to characterize magnetic nanovortices, also known as skyrmions. This new technique uses X-rays to identify suitable materials with the topological charge necessary for these tiny structures.
A research team has discovered that soil microbial diversity is lower than previously estimated due to the presence of relic DNA. However, thousands of species of microbes still exist in one gram of soil, making it comparable to a 'poor man's rainforest'.
A study published in Journal of Psychiatric Research found that homeless adults with mental illness and a history of traumatic brain injury are more likely to experience adverse health conditions, increased use of emergency departments, and suicidal risk. The research highlights the need for specialized services such as clinical treatm...
Researchers found evidence of stabilizing selection that maintains functional characteristics in ant populations. The study revealed significant genetic differences and limited gene flow among ant populations, suggesting that natural selection acts on important traits while less critical traits diversify over time.
Researchers discovered that sexually produced offspring were more than twice as resistant to infectious disease as their clonal sisters. The study used the waterflea, an organism that can reproduce both ways, and found that sex has large-scale benefits that make a difference to the next generation.
Researchers developed an artificial neural network using spintronic devices, demonstrating associative memory operation with learning ability, similar to human brain. The technology enables fast-processing capabilities and ultralow-power consumption, opening new horizons in AI technology.
A study found that pritelivir reduced genital herpes virus shedding and lesions compared to valacyclovir, with fewer pain episodes in the pritelivir group. The new medication showed significant improvements in virus quantity shed and reduced frequency of pain.
Male bumblebees perform characteristic learning flights to find flowers but neglect their nest's location. Unlike females, males don't return to the nest after leaving and instead travel far to avoid breeding with relatives.
Researchers employ a new 'stop-action' technique using laser pulses to measure complex electron interactions in materials. They discovered an unusual form of efficient energy loss at a specific energy level, which may play a role in superconductivity.
A new study reveals that dialect unfamiliarity and prejudice against AAVE and other non-standard dialects can lead to mishearing and misjudgment in courtrooms. The authors argue that vernacular varieties should matter more, and linguists can play a bigger role in explaining them.
Researchers at Michigan Tech created a new way to synthesize sodium-embedded carbon nanowalls, which have two orders of magnitude higher conductivity than three-dimensional graphene. The material also retains high capacity after 5,000 charge/discharge cycles, making it ideal for supercapacitors and energy devices.
A new epidemiological model reveals that climate change and the 'Godzilla' El Niño of 2015 fueled the Zika outbreak in South America. The researchers predict a potential seasonal transmission risk for Zika virus in southern US, China, and Europe during summer.
Researchers attribute graphene's high conductivity to accelerating effect of electrons interacting with photons in a weak magnetic field. The study uses pseudo-quantum electrodynamics to model electron-photon interactions across space-time dimensions.
A multi-state project will establish a nationally coordinated consortium to increase wheat yields through genetic advancements and breeding programs. Wheat geneticist Dr. Shuyu Liu and breeders Dr. Amir Ibrahim and Dr. Jackie Rudd will contribute to the major effort to improve wheat yields dramatically over the next decade.
Researchers found that juvenile IGF-1 concentrations predict heavier weight, greater survival to reproductive maturity and earlier birth, but also shorter adult lifespans. Measuring IGF-1 during the first year of life can be used to predict later-life traits in wild mammals.
Physicist Tyrone Daulton reviews Younger Dryas sediments for nanodiamonds and finds none, contradicting the impact hypothesis. He attributes this to misidentification of similar carbon structures, such as graphene and graphane.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago have developed a graphene system that can differentiate between cancerous and normal brain cells, detecting hyperactivity in single interfaced cells. This technique uses Raman spectroscopy to pinpoint changes in atomic vibration energy, allowing for early cancer diagnosis.
A new study found that ring-tailed lemur populations have declined significantly due to habitat destruction and hunting, with only three sites containing more than 200 individuals. The species is ecologically adaptable but many other lemurs in Madagascar are also in dire straits.
New clinical practice guidelines recommend surgical ablation for treating atrial fibrillation, showing improved heart rhythm, quality of life, and stroke reduction. Surgical ablation is an effective treatment option for Afib, with significant improvements in long-term outcomes.
Rare type 2 innate lymphocytes found in meninges around the brain may play a critical role in battling Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, and other neurological diseases. The discovery suggests these cells could be the missing link between the brain and gut microbiota.
A recent review by Renguang Wu examines the relationship between Indian and East Asian summer monsoons, highlighting a weakening of historically strong correlations. The study focuses on two pathways connecting Indian summer monsoon anomalies to East Asian rainfall fluctuations.
Researchers observed 'traffic jams' in the Rutford Ice Stream in Antarctica, where ocean tides speed up or slow down glacial movement. The study used COSMO-SkyMed radar-imaging satellites to gather near-continuous data for nearly nine months.
Researchers discovered that replacing missing gut bacteria or restoring a key metabolite called inosine could help treat children with IPEX syndrome, an often fatal autoimmune disease. The study found that probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri and A2A receptor agonists inhibited T cell-mediated autoimmunity, extending the animals' life span.
Researchers identified five genes that, when inactivated, protected cells from HIV infection without affecting cellular survival. The genes target human proteins essential for HIV replication and viral entry into CD4 T cells.
A new study by Northwestern Medicine documents poor long-term outcomes of delinquent youth after juvenile detention, highlighting stark racial and ethnic disparities. Females functioned significantly better than males in nearly every domain, despite facing similar problems.
Researchers have found that inflammation plays a role in the development of epilepsy in TSC patients and that targeting this process could be a potential therapy. Studies using a mouse model of TSC found increased levels of inflammatory molecules in brain tissue before seizure onset, which were reversed by anti-inflammatory compounds.
Johns Hopkins Medicine's model focuses on a patient-oriented purpose, aligning stakeholders toward common goals. By continuously studying its own performance, the health system can expand its ability to measure quality, safety, and other important variables.
A new study led by Berkeley Lab researcher Trevor F. Keenan highlights a common practice in plant science that may have underestimated plants' growth and photosynthesis rates. The study suggests updating global plant databases and models to better account for plant responses to full-sun conditions.
Researchers at Uppsala University and Chinese Academy of Sciences estimated the potential distribution of the endangered Rufous-headed Robin, suggesting it might be larger than previously believed. The study also analyzed DNA and found the bird's closest relative is the Rufous-tailed Robin.
A study by Children's National Hospital found that Sirt1 plays a crucial role in regenerating glial cells from endogenous progenitor cells after hypoxia-related brain injury. The protein's activity can be modulated by sirtinol, an off-the-shelf drug, and may help alleviate developmental delays in preterm infants.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital discovered a combination of calcipotriol and fluorouracil can rapidly clear actinic keratosis lesions by activating the immune system, achieving an 88% reduction in facial lesions. The treatment's effectiveness was compared to standard treatments, which elicit unpleasant side effects.
Research reveals that children begin using olfactory information to help evaluate emotionally-expressive faces at around five years of age. The findings advance understanding of how children integrate different types of sensory information to direct their social behavior.
Scientists at Technical University of Munich have discovered an important mechanism in the body's defenses against fungi. Vav proteins play a key role in regulating the innate antifungal immunity pathway, particularly when CARD9 is present.
Researchers at the Institute for Basic Science found a new epigenetic mechanism controlling flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants lacking this protein complex bloom earlier, indicating compromised regulation of stem cells activity.
New research from the University of Kent suggests that disgust is a way of communicating moral concerns rather than self-interested motivation. The study found that people who express disgust are perceived as being motivated by impartial, moral concerns, whereas those who express anger are seen as more self-interested.
Researchers propose that visual stimulation with frequencies close to alpha rhythm can interfere with natural brain activity, leading to increased amplitude and epileptic seizures. This phenomenon is linked to the brain's dynamic properties, such as resonance, which can trigger seizures at specific frequencies.
The Journal of Creative Music Systems features research on artificial intelligence in music, including harmonisation and vocal synthesis. The first issue has received an overwhelming response from contributors worldwide.
A new class of drugs targeting a specific protein receptor has shown promising results in improving cognitive function and extending the life-span of terminally ill mice with neurodegeneration. The study provides hope for developing effective treatments to alleviate symptoms and slow disease progression in Alzheimer's patients.
Research at Tokyo Institute of Technology found that draining pore-fluids reduces tremors by lowering megathrust shear strength and facilitating shallow seismicity. The study suggests a correlation between fluid flux from the subducting slab and anti-correlated seismicity in the overlying plate.
A new UCL-led phase III clinical trial found that vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) can effectively kill cancer cells while preserving healthy tissue. Around half of patients treated with VTP went into complete remission, compared to 13.5% in the control group.
Professor J. Calvin Coffey reclassified the mesentery as a single, continuous structure connecting the intestine to the abdomen, leading to potential advances in surgeries and disease diagnosis. Further study of mesenteric science could result in less invasive procedures, faster recovery times, and lower costs.
Researchers developed a cost-effective system to detect biomolecules in real-time using spectrally encoded microgels, enabling accurate measurements of microRNAs in blood samples. The system achieved a detection limit of 202 femtoMolars and demonstrated specificity for multiplex measurement conditions.
Researchers detected lipid residues in unglazed cooking pots from Libyan Sahara sites, dating back over 10,000 years. Over half of the vessels showed plant-based processing, including grains and aquatic plants.
A new analysis published in the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America suggests that a tiny North Korean seismic event in May 2010 was an earthquake, not a nuclear explosion. The study's findings contradict previous reports that claimed it was a small nuclear test.
Research at University of Helsinki finds that noise sensitive individuals' brains process sounds differently, leading to decreased responsiveness to new sounds. This adaptation may help protect against overreacting to noise, suggesting a physiological basis for noise sensitivity.
Scientists discovered that large bumps and mounds on the sea floor can cause sudden slip of tectonic plates, triggering giant earthquakes. The research, published in Nature Geoscience, could lead to more accurate models for forecasting where megathrust earthquakes are likely to occur.
Researchers at UTMB have developed an oral vaccine against salmonella that can be taken by mouth to protect against poisoning. The vaccine was shown to produce strong immunity in mice and holds promise for future use in humans.
A new grant program aims to encourage students to pursue food, agriculture, natural resource, and human science careers through experiential instruction. The University of Tennessee will develop a curriculum and professional development products to teach soilless vegetable growing systems in controlled environments.
Research suggests that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can prevent the recurrence of advanced neoplasia after polyp removal, with ibuprofen showing superior benefits over aspirin or supplements. However, the choice of NSAID should be individualized based on patient risk factors and health considerations.
Researchers used CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology to identify three promising new targets for HIV infection. The study screened human genes essential for HIV replication but not for cellular survival, and identified five genes with potential therapeutic applications.
The ColoCare study, led by Huntsman Cancer Institute, aims to identify elements that impact colorectal cancer patients' survival and recovery. The study analyzes health and lifestyle factors to predict patient outcomes and determine the most effective treatments.
Researchers analyzed 125 major petroleum hydrocarbons from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill to determine their long-term environmental impact. They found that smaller, simpler compounds degrade faster, while larger ones persist longer, and that physical context plays a significant role in this process.
A new species of bird, Tingmiatornis arctica, has been discovered in the Canadian Arctic, dating back to approximately 90 million years ago. The fossil finds reveal a hyper-warm interval during the late Cretaceous period, with conditions allowing large birds to thrive.
A study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that women have a higher survival rate one year after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) than men, despite experiencing more complications. Women were more likely to undergo percutaneous TAVR and had worse health conditions at baseline.