Researchers have discovered a novel role for CD40 antibodies in re-educating macrophages to break down the tumor microenvironment, allowing chemotherapy to target pancreatic cancer more effectively. The optimal timing of delivery is critical, with chemotherapy being most effective when administered five days after CD40 treatment.
A new study from The Ottawa Hospital and the University of Ottawa shows that men with slow-growing prostate tumors are increasingly adopting active surveillance, a monitoring approach that avoids unnecessary treatment. After five years of follow-up, about 59% of patients under active surveillance were still managed that way.
A new study by researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center suggests that precision oncology could be tailor-made for metastatic prostate cancer. A single metastasis within an individual patient provides consistent molecular information to guide therapy, and patients benefit from individualized treatment.
Researchers at Syracuse University have developed a new energy transfer system that combines nanomaterials and biomaterials to produce bioluminescence. The system, demonstrated in ACS Nano, has high-efficient energy transfer between semiconductor quantum rods and luciferase enzymes.
Researchers estimate that e-cigarettes helped 16K-22K long-term quitters in England in 2014. The use of e-cigarettes increased the chances of success by around 50% compared to traditional nicotine products.
A new study reveals that algal blooms like 'red tides' are home to a complex war between microscopic organisms, with the dominant species changing daily. The research sheds light on the ocean's role in carbon fixation and climate change.
A study published in PLOS ONE suggests that cannabis users have difficulty recognizing and empathizing with human emotions like happiness, sadness, and anger. However, the brain may be able to compensate for these effects when explicitly detecting emotions.
Brown University engineers developed a new technique to understand how cells move through complex tissues, building on mean deformation theory. The algorithm analyzed images of human neutrophils moving through collagen matrices, revealing differences in contractility and rotation between healthy and sepsis models.
A five-year $1-million grant aims to teach people how to protect their brains through exercise, with a focus on African-Americans at elevated dementia risk. The program will include dance-based exercise and lifestyle education, and gather data on brain circuitry, aging, and stress levels.
A study of 1140 pregnant women and their children found that eczema, rhinitis, pet ownership, and age at introducing solid food are associated with different types of food hypersensitivity. A healthy diet was also found to be protective against both IgE-mediated and non-IgE mediated reactions.
Researchers discovered a gene associated with CHARGE syndrome disrupts molecular pathways controlling myelin sheath formation in nerves and bones. The study suggests a potential molecular framework for identifying therapeutic targets to promote myelin regeneration.
Researchers discovered the organic cation transporter CarT is necessary for maintaining histamine levels in fruit fly brains, ensuring normal vision. Disrupting this process led to impaired vision and behavioral abnormalities in flies.
Researchers have discovered a 520-million-year-old fossilized nervous system, providing the most detailed example yet found. The fossil, from southern China, has revealed individual nerves visible for the first time in a fossil of this age.
A GW chemistry professor is leading a team of researchers to identify enzyme inhibitors as possible medications for devastating diseases like malaria and tuberculosis. The five-year, $2.6 million grant will focus on designing small molecule inhibitors that can stop the production of key enzymes necessary for pathogen survival.
A study published in PLOS ONE found a mutation in the APC gene, linked to colon cancer, in an 18th-century Hungarian mummy. The researchers believe that a genetic predisposition to cancer may have already existed in the pre-modern era.
Researchers at the University of Exeter have created a vaccine that offers high-level protection against melioidosis, a bacterial infection that causes pneumonia and sepsis. The new vaccine, which has been tested on mice, holds promise for preventing a disease that affects thousands in tropical regions and is often misdiagnosed.
A study published in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization found that an estimated 312.9 million surgeries took place globally in 2012, with only 30% of operations occurring in low-income countries representing 71% of the global population.
Researchers develop a novel microfluidic device called the 'IVF chip' that enables high-resolution imaging of the initial steps of fertilization. The device allows scientists to observe the fusion of sperm and egg, membrane remodeling, and sperm DNA incorporation into the egg.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology have developed a device fingerprinting technique to identify legitimate signals in electrical grid control networks. The approach uses unique physical properties of devices to differentiate between genuine and spoofed signals, improving the security of critical infrastructure networks.
Researchers convert tarantula toxins into painkillers by targeting neural receptors, providing an alternative to current treatments with limited pain relief and side effects. The study reveals the importance of cell membranes in peptide toxin activity and opens opportunities for designing new drugs.
Astronomers have observed dramatic moments in star and planet formation using the Subaru 8-meter Telescope. The team discovered four young stars experiencing FU Ori outbursts, characterized by chaotic environments and unusual structures around them.
A study found that only 27% of actors are from working-class backgrounds, while 73% come from middle-class origins. This disparity affects not only income but also opportunities for auditions and roles. Many working-class actors reported struggling with accents and stereotypes, highlighting the need for greater diversity in the industry.
A team of scientists identified a fast radio burst and pinpointed its location, confirming the current cosmological model of the universe's distribution of matter. The discovery measured the density of material between the FRB source and Earth, allowing for a more accurate understanding of the universe's composition.
Researchers at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute have discovered a new combination of birinapant and p38 inhibitors that shows promise as a treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The combination has been shown to be more effective than either agent alone, with fewer toxic side effects.
A multi-disciplinary team from James Cook University has developed a roadmap for sustainable fishing tourism in Papua New Guinea. The project aims to benefit local communities while promoting conservation of the Papuan Black Bass, one of the world's toughest sportfish.
Researchers found that cancerous mutations are linked to stiff tissues, where cells experience more nucleus deformation and damage. This constricted migration causes molecular damage, leading to genomic instability and increased mutation rates.
A new study by the University of Sheffield reveals that hazardous tropical cyclones in the Philippines are increasing in intensity, leading to devastating consequences. The research suggests that rising sea-surface temperatures since the 1970s may be contributing to this trend.
A new method quantifies monetary losses from coastal floods under sea-level rise, showing that damage costs consistently increase at a higher rate. The study provides estimates of average annual costs of sea-level rise over longer time periods, helping policymakers assess adaptation measures.
A two-year clinical trial found that Eylea (aflibercept) performed better than Avastin (bevacizumab) in participants with moderate or worse vision loss, while Lucentis (ranibizumab) yielded similar gains. The study confirmed the effectiveness of all three drugs for diabetic macular edema treatment.
A new study compared four types of abdominal flaps used in breast reconstruction, revealing that muscle-sparing techniques like DIEP and msf-TRAM reduce hernia risks and improve patient satisfaction. The study found these methods to have lower rates of fat necrosis and abdominal morbidity compared to traditional flaps.
New advances in plastic and reconstructive surgery are being made possible by the integration of 3D analysis and CAD/CAM techniques. These technologies enable surgeons to enhance efficiency, accuracy, and creativity in aesthetic and craniomaxillofacial plastic surgery.
Researchers have developed a new method to determine the structures of nanocrystalline pharmaceuticals, reducing radiation damage and allowing for study at room temperature. The approach uses low-dose electron diffraction with a high-sensitivity detector, enabling the collection of high-quality data for direct crystallography methods.
A study found that over 60% of newly diagnosed men in Rhode Island who have sex with men reported meeting sexual partners online. The researchers propose partnering with companies producing hookup websites and apps to share public health messages about the risks of sexual encounters arranged online.
A new study found that doses of deltamethrin can interfere with the development of malaria parasites in mosquitoes, reducing transmission. Insecticide-treated nets remain a vital tool in preventing malaria, even in areas with resistant mosquito populations.
Researchers tested a Plasmodium vivax malaria vaccine candidate in 30 volunteers and found that it significantly delayed parasitemia in 59% of vaccinated subjects. The study also identified limitations to primaquine treatment, highlighting the need for improved vaccines.
The hospital will facilitate collaborations among researchers and make genomic data available to accelerate discovery of the genetic mechanisms of congenital heart defects. The goal is to uncover genetic mutations that affect both heart and brain development in children with severe heart defects.
Researchers found an association between high BMI and poorer performance on a test of episodic memory in young adults. The study suggests that obesity may be linked to changes in brain structure and function, potentially affecting memory and decision-making abilities.
Tropical Cyclone Yalo has weakened significantly due to strong vertical wind shear from an approaching low-pressure trough. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center issued their final bulletin on Feb. 26, reporting a maximum sustained wind speed of 35 knots (40 mph).
A new study uses IBEX data to determine the strength and direction of the interstellar magnetic field beyond the solar system, providing insight into the galaxy's magnetic forces. The findings are based on simulations that correctly predict the locations of neutral ribbon particles and agree with Voyager 1 measurements.
A new study published in the International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection found no evidence that the WikiLeaks list was a target list for terrorists. The study analyzed over 40,000 terrorism incidents and compared them with the facilities listed on the WikiLeaks memo.
A team of researchers from Marburg and Karlsruhe has studied the stepwise formation of metal clusters, finding that a transition metal plays a key role in cluster growth. The study provides knowledge for customized optoelectronic and magnetic properties.
Researchers at Cornell University found that fairy-wren pairs who sing duets are less likely to mate with other males, resulting in higher rates of their own genetic offspring. The strong duet-singing response also reduces cuckoldry in these pairs.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that light reflectance spectroscopy can differentiate between malignant and benign prostate tissue with 85% accuracy. This technology aims to improve surgical decision-making and reduce the amount of healthy tissue removed during prostate cancer surgery.
A team of researchers led by Prof. Nicolau has created a model bio-supercomputer that processes information quickly and accurately using parallel networks, powered by proteins present in all living cells. The device uses much less energy than traditional electronic supercomputers, making it more sustainable.
A pooled analysis of 13 studies covering 33,571 subjects found a significant association between pre-labor cesarean delivery and an increased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. The study suggests that the stress response in the fetus caused by labor may be involved in this correlation.
Rachel Harding, a University of Toronto researcher, is making her lab notes publicly available to accelerate research into Huntington's disease. By sharing raw data and detailed updates, she aims to speed up the process and encourage collaboration among scientists.
Scientists discovered that scale-eating cichlids gradually acquire lateralized behavior as they learn to eat scales from one side of their mouth. The study found a correlation between mouth asymmetry and the direction of attack on prey, with older fish having more skewed mouths that ate more scales.
Research shows carbon footprint labels influence consumer choice, with usage-related emissions being most important factor. Consumers value recycling and prefer manufacturers to offset emissions, rather than taking direct action.
A global study estimates that 101.2 million people suffer from moderate to severe visual impairment due to uncorrected refractive error (URE), while seven million are blind. The study, published in Optometry and Vision Science, suggests that providing access to affordable glasses could improve the burden of vision loss.
Researchers at UCSF discovered that homeless individuals aged 50+ often experience difficulties with daily activities such as bathing, dressing, and medication management. Cognitive and visual impairments are also common, with rates comparable to those of people in their 80s.
Researchers have discovered alternative protein versions, known as proteoforms, which are stable and tightly regulated, challenging the single gene-single protein theory. This study adds an extra dimension to the human protein landscape, potentially affecting gene editing techniques.
A new study published in BMJ Global Health found a 36% increase in the number of men smoking tobacco in India between 1998 and 2015. Cigarettes are replacing traditional bidis due to higher income and population growth, posing significant health risks.
Researchers identified genetic pathways exacerbating severe canine compulsive disorder in Doberman pinschers, sharing behavioral hallmarks with human OCD. The discovery could lead to better therapies for obsessive compulsive disorder in people, as serotonin receptor genes and stress tolerance loci were found to be strongly correlated.
Researchers have captured a snapshot of how coronaviruses enter cells using high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy. The atomic model suggests specific vaccine strategies against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. A fusion peptide on the outer edge of the spike protein may be an ideal target for neutralizing coronaviruses.
A study from the University of Leicester found that women who feel more at risk of crime tend to be attracted to physically dominant men. The researchers suggest that this attraction is not based on a desire for protection, but rather a psychological mechanism related to feelings of vulnerability.
Scientists at Kyushu University developed a strategy to widely vary the emission color and efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes based on exciplexes by changing the distance between key molecules. This technique could lead to new kinds of electronic devices with switching behavior or light emission that reacts to external factors.
A new study by the University of Washington found that transgender children who are socially transitioned and supported by their families have similar rates of depression and anxiety as non-transgender children. The research challenges long-held assumptions about the mental health of transgender youth.
Researchers have discovered a new biomarker, guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), that triggers hyperactivity in proteins fueling cancer growth and spread. Elevated GEF expression is associated with shorter progression-free survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
Researchers at the University of Bonn have developed a new model that simulates the behavior of neurons in the brain during extreme events, such as epileptic seizures. The model reveals how small-world networks can exhibit spontaneous changes, shedding light on the conditions under which these events develop.
Researchers develop integrase-defective lentiviral vector to deliver chemotherapy-sensitizing gene to pancreatic tumor cells, reducing risk of insertional mutagenesis. The system enables high efficacy delivery of the gene that encodes for DCK protein to cancer cells, making them more sensitive to chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine.