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Science News for February 4, 2016


Health-care disparities contribute to delayed testicular cancer diagnosis in a transgender woman

A 28-year-old transgender woman experienced a delay in testicular cancer diagnosis due to inadequate access to insurance coverage and transportation challenges. The case study emphasizes the importance of addressing biopsychosocial needs and creating venues for medical providers to learn appropriate care for transgender patients.

Diagnosis of rare bleeding disorder improved with super-resolution microscopy

A proof-of-concept study demonstrates a new method using super-resolution microscopy can accurately diagnose rare platelet disorders, offering an alternative to costly and resource-intensive electron microscopy. This innovative approach provides personalized treatment options, saving the NHS money and improving patient outcomes.

SourceUniversity College London·JournalJournal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis·DateFeb 4, 2016

Removing race from human genetic research

A team of scientists, including Michael Yudell, Dorothy Roberts, and Sarah Tishkoff, recommend phasing out race from genetic research due to its lack of clear-cut genetic boundaries. Instead, they propose using terms like 'ancestry' or 'population' to describe grouping for studies.

SourceDrexel University·JournalScience·DateFeb 4, 2016

C. diff study provides insight into antibiotic resistance and risks for infection

Exposure to specific antibiotics is linked to the development of antibiotic-resistant C. difficile , one of the fastest growing bacteria superbugs. The study found that fluoroquinolone and macrolide exposure was more frequent in patients with a highly resistant strain, supporting targeted antibiotic stewardship monitoring programs.

SourceLoyola Medicine·JournalAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·DateFeb 4, 2016

AGS guidance on diversity proves 'seeing' older patients is about more than seeing age

As the US welcomes its largest and most diverse group of older residents, AGS sheds light on health disparities and the importance of culturally effective care. The new guidance outlines present health disparities and the need for sensitivity to culture and health literacy when working with older individuals.

SourceAmerican Geriatrics Society·JournalJournal of the American Geriatrics Society·DateFeb 4, 2016

Team calls for integrated field research network in Midwest to address climate adaptation

A team of researchers is urging increased spending on agricultural research in the Midwest to address climate change impacts. The proposed network would gather data on crop performance and management practices across the region to improve crops' adaptation to high temperatures, carbon dioxide, ozone, pests, and disease.

The odor of stones

Researchers discovered that diatoms are attracted to the smell of silicate minerals and move actively to areas with high concentrations. This ability allows them to colonize specific regions and is a key factor in their survival. Understanding this process could lead to the development of new materials resistant to algal colonization.

SourceFriedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena·JournalNature Communications·DateFeb 4, 2016

Graphical display of nutrition information helps keep health-conscious eaters on target

A new study found that graphical displays of fiber and protein per calorie values can encourage consumers to purchase healthier menu items. The researchers observed a significant reduction in calories purchased from entrees and an increase in protein per calorie when nutrition information was displayed graphically.

For pregnant women with flu, the earlier the better for antiviral treatment

A new study published in The Journal of Infectious Diseases found that early treatment with the influenza antiviral drug oseltamivir can shorten the time a pregnant woman spends in the hospital, especially for those with severe illness. Annual flu vaccination is also crucial to prevent complications and protect the newborn baby.

SourceInfectious Diseases Society of America·JournalThe Journal of Infectious Diseases·DateFeb 4, 2016

Light signals from living cells

Researchers from Goethe University and MIT have developed a new method to deliver protein markers with nanometre precision into living cells. The technique, called cell squeezing, uses high pressure to incorporate fluorescent probes with an efficiency rate greater than 80 percent.

SourceGoethe University Frankfurt·JournalNature Communications·DateFeb 4, 2016

How gut inflammation sparks colon cancer

Researchers at Duke University have discovered that gut inflammation sparks colon cancer, with microRNA miR-34a playing a crucial role in controlling stem cell division. Elevated levels of miR-34a may serve as an early warning system for colon cancer, and its expression could be used to treat late-stage cancer.

SourceDuke University·JournalCell Stem Cell·DateFeb 4, 2016

Meaningful media may push altruism across bounds of race and age

Researchers found that watching meaningful entertainment can boost altruism, especially towards people from different age and racial groups. The study suggests that this is due to the production of warm, uplifting feelings known as 'elevation', which lead to increased willingness to help others.

SourcePenn State·JournalJournal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media·DateFeb 4, 2016

Mitochondria shown to trigger cell aging

Researchers at Newcastle University have found that eliminating mitochondria from aging cells can rejuvenate them, highlighting the critical role of mitochondria in cellular aging. The study's findings shed light on how mitochondrial biogenesis drives cellular aging and pave the way for targeted therapies to counteract this process.

SourceNewcastle University·JournalThe EMBO Journal·DateFeb 4, 2016

Predicting periodontitis at state and local levels in the United States

Researchers estimate US periodontitis prevalence at state and local levels using a novel SAE method, revealing high risk areas in the southeast and southwest, including Native American reservations. The study informs oral health policy decisions and intervention strategies to increase access to care for populations at higher risk.

The test that reveals cancer sooner

Researchers developed a new test that detected mesothelioma 4-10 years before symptoms appeared, using a specific protein marker. The ONCOblot test detected the ENOX2 protein in serum samples from asbestos-exposed individuals, paving the way for earlier cancer detection and potentially reducing deaths.

SourceONCOblot Labs·JournalClinical Proteomics·DateFeb 4, 2016

New material lights up when detecting explosives

Scientists have created a material that turns fluorescent when detecting explosives in its vicinity. This discovery could lead to improved e.g., airport security measures. The new material consists of molecules held together by weak bonds, which are easily influenced by their surroundings and can be used to detect explosives.

SourceUniversity of Southern Denmark·JournalChemistry - A European Journal·DateFeb 4, 2016

Scientists bridge different materials by design

Researchers at the University of Liverpool have designed and constructed interfaces between materials with different structures, leading to improved physical properties. This breakthrough enables the creation of better batteries, fuel cells, and other devices that rely on well-ordered interfaces between materials.

SourceUniversity of Liverpool·JournalNature Chemistry·DateFeb 4, 2016

Antibiotic's killer strategy revealed

Researchers at Princeton University discovered the mode of action of antibiotic tropodithietic acid (TDA), revealing its ability to kill cancer cells. TDA's unique mechanism involves disrupting cell membrane function, rendering it a potential anticancer agent.

SourcePrinceton University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateFeb 4, 2016

UT study measures impact of removing Planned Parenthood from Texas women's health program

A recent UT study found a decrease in highly effective contraceptive services and an increase in Medicaid-paid childbirths after Planned Parenthood was removed from a Texas women's health program. The researchers also discovered that the removal led to a significant drop in claims for long-acting, reversible contraceptives like implant...

SourceUniversity of Texas at Austin·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·DateFeb 4, 2016

The evolution of Dark-fly

Researchers discovered that Dark-fly has a competitive advantage in reproduction over its wild-type counterpart when bred in the dark. The team sequenced the genome of Dark-fly and identified 28 genetic regions responsible for its unique adaptations, including genes involved in pheromone synthesis and circadian rhythms.

How roots grow

Root shape is determined by a combination of genetic predisposition and the self-organization of cells. The development of secondary roots follows principles of non-deterministic growth and adaptation.

SourceGoethe University Frankfurt·JournalCurrent Biology·DateFeb 4, 2016

New science helps put spotlight on unseen global impacts

A new science framework, telecoupling, is used to examine the often unseen consequences of global transactions on human-nature interactions. The framework, developed by sustainability scholar Jianguo Liu, allows scientists to analyze how distant environmental and socioeconomic actions lead to reactions and feedbacks globally.

SourceMichigan State University·JournalFrontiers in Ecology and the Environment·DateFeb 4, 2016