Low Zika risk for travelers to Olympics in Brazil, study finds
Researchers at Yale University found that only a small percentage of Olympic athletes, spectators, and visitors will bring the Zika virus back to their home countries.
Science News for July 25, 2016
Trolls often waive their anonymity online
A study by University of Zurich researchers found that individuals posting hate speech who used their full name were more common than anonymous trolls. Online anonymity is not a deterrent for hate speech, as it can actually increase credibility and popularity among trolls.
Hot desert storms increase risk of bacterial meningitis in Africa
A new study by the University of Liverpool's Institute of Infection and Global Health found that exposure to airborne dust and high temperatures significantly increase the risk of bacterial meningitis. Climate surveillance alongside simple control measures could predict and minimize future outbreaks in Africa's meningitis belt.
Effectiveness of the WHO cancer pain relief guidelines published by Dove Medical Press
The review highlights the effectiveness of WHO cancer pain relief guidelines in promoting cancer pain relief. The guidelines have been widely adopted despite initial release in 1986, making them a valuable resource for healthcare providers.
Researchers make new projections for spread of the Zika virus
Researchers project up to 93 million people at risk of Zika infection, including 1.6 million childbearing women, due to herd immunity. The projections highlight the potential scale of the epidemic and emphasize the importance of addressing it before it spreads too far.
WSU researchers get unprecedented look at DNA damage
Researchers at Washington State University have developed a technique to visualize DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiation, shedding light on its impact on skin cancer. The study provides clues on how sunlight triggers mutations and cancer, with implications for future therapies.
SourceWashington State University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJul 25, 2016
Patients with low risk prostate cancer on active surveillance experience good quality of life
Researchers found that patients on active surveillance for low risk prostate cancer experienced similar health-related quality of life as men without the disease. The study suggests that conservative management can be a safe option, allowing clinicians to counsel patients effectively about potential outcomes.
National Academy of Medicine and FDA select 4 individuals for 2016-2017 Tobacco Regulatory Science Fellows
Four individuals selected for a 12-month fellowship at the FDA Center for Tobacco Products, working on tobacco-product regulation and public health strategies. The program aims to enrich fellows' understanding of tobacco products and their regulatory activities.
Climate disasters increase risk of armed conflict in multi-ethnic countries
A recent study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences has found that climate disasters like heat-waves or droughts enhance the risk of armed conflicts in countries with high ethnic diversity. The research analyzed data from the international reinsurance market leader Munich Re and a conflict dataset establishe...
SourcePotsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJul 25, 2016
Measure of age in soil nitrogen could help precision agriculture
Engineers developed a numerical model to calculate nitrogen's age in corn and soybean fields, potentially improving fertilizer application techniques. The research found that nitrogen topsoil has a relatively high average age compared to water, with ammonium accumulating in the upper layers.
SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau·JournalWater Resources Research·DateJul 25, 2016
Chemical etching method helps transistors stand tall
University of Illinois researchers have developed a way to etch very tall, narrow finFETs, a type of transistor that forms a tall semiconductor 'fin' for the current to travel over. The new method addresses problems in creating 3-D devices by stacking layers or carving out structures from a thicker semiconductor wafer.
SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau·JournalIEEE Electron Device Letters·DateJul 25, 2016
Marijuana exposure in kids rose after recreational use legalized in Colorado
A study found a significant increase in hospital visits and pediatric marijuana exposure cases in Colorado after recreational use was legalized. The authors reported an average rate of 2.3 marijuana-related visits per 100,000 population and a 34% increase in regional poison center cases.
Common diabetes drug may help prevent preterm birth
Researchers found that metformin reversed early cellular aging, causing increased sestrin 2 levels and AMPK activity, which led to full-term births in mice. The study provides new clues into the molecular pathway of preterm birth and suggests a potential safer alternative to rapamycin for preventing premature birth.
SourceCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·DateJul 25, 2016
Preparing to interview for your dream job? Better go in person
A new study published in Personnel Assessment and Decisions found that in-person interviews outperformed technology-mediated interviews in terms of company and candidate ratings. The research suggests that face-to-face interactions provide a more favorable impression, while video interviews received the most negative rankings.
The exception and its rules
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology and colleagues around the world have discovered exceptional points in wave physics, where complex frequencies emerge. By steering a system around these points, they have observed surprising effects, including asymmetric mode switching.
Ultra-flat circuits will have unique properties
Researchers at Rice University have found that ultra-flat circuits made from 2D materials exhibit distinct electronic characteristics compared to traditional components. The discovery has significant implications for the development of new electronics designs, including photovoltaic applications and transistors.
Changes in teenage brain structure provide clues to onset of mental health problems
Researchers mapped brain structure changes in teenagers to understand the onset of mental health problems. The study found that myelin levels increase within the cortex during adolescence, potentially linking it to schizophrenia risk genes.
SourceUniversity of Cambridge·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJul 25, 2016
Excessive daily TV watching may increase risk of death
A study by Japanese researchers found that watching TV for 2.5-4.9 hours daily increased pulmonary embolism deaths by 70%, with even more hours increasing the risk further. The risk is likely higher due to underreporting of deaths from this condition.
Sibling competition helped guide dispersal in pre-industrial populations
Research from Finland found that same-sex elder siblings increased dispersal probability, while women with elder sisters dispersed to secure a wealthy husband. Younger brothers' dispersal was linked to land resource availability.
NASA spies major Hurricane Georgette
Hurricane Georgette is a powerful storm with a clear eye visible on NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite image. The storm strengthened to a category 4 hurricane before weakening and becoming a remnant low in about 3 days.
New lightweight shape-shifting alloy shows potential for a variety of applications
Researchers at Tohoku University discovered a new shape memory alloy with superelastic effect, raising potential for various industries. The alloy exhibits shape recovery upon heating, making it suitable for self-deployable space habitat frames and damping devices.
Protein insights to help find heart disease cure
Researchers at Australian National University have identified over 1,000 RNA-binding proteins in the heart that could lead to a cure for heart disease. These proteins interact with RNA and play a crucial role in regulating genome function.
WSU researchers 'watch' crystal structure change in real time
Researchers at Washington State University have successfully watched a material's crystal structure change in real time, using a new facility at the Argonne National Laboratory. This breakthrough method allows for actual measurement of physical changes and validation of computer simulations.
Three Minnesota organizations receive funding to improve diabetes care
The University of Minnesota, Medica Research Institute, and HealthPartners Institute will study the impact of the Patient Centered Medical Home model on diabetes care in Minnesota. The research aims to identify specific changes in primary care offices that have improved health outcomes for patients with diabetes.
Less fertilizer good news for the Great Barrier Reef
Researchers at James Cook University have developed a more efficient fertilizer that reduces nitrogen loss by up to half. The new technology allows for improved balance between plant growth and environmental protection. Testing on a North Queensland dairy farm showed promising results, with significant reductions in pollution.
National survey says many, not all, open to doctors talking about guns
A national survey of 3,914 adults found that two-thirds are open to healthcare providers discussing firearms at home, while 66% support talking about seatbelts. Women were more likely than men to support gun discussions, and gun owners with children or suicide risk factors also endorsed the idea.
SourceUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus·JournalAnnals of Internal Medicine·DateJul 25, 2016
Happy hormone's calcium connection may make cows and humans healthier
A study by University of Wisconsin-Madison professor Laura Hernandez found that increased serotonin levels lead to increased calcium levels in dairy cows, which could help treat milk fever. However, this effect may also cause bone loss in lactating women who take selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) while breastfeeding.
Risk factors identified in patient-to-patient transmission of resistant bacteria
Researchers found that contact with infected patients, mechanical ventilation, and infections with multidrug-resistant organisms increase the risk of acquiring CP-CRE. Cephalosporin antibiotic use may also reduce the risk of transmission compared to other antibiotics.
SourceSociety for Healthcare Epidemiology of America·JournalInfection Control and Hospital Epidemiology·DateJul 25, 2016
Living on borrowed time
A study published in Nature Communications suggests that timely conservation action can slow extinction rates and save species. The research found similar patterns of species loss following habitat disruption across various taxonomic groups, including birds, mammals, plants, reptiles, and invertebrates.
PPPL and Princeton join high-performance software project
The PPPL and Princeton University are participating in a high-performance computing project with the Intel Parallel Computing Center Program. The goal is to modernize the GTC-P code, which was originally developed for fusion research applications.
Nottingham researchers show novel technique that can 'taste' DNA
Nottingham researchers demonstrate highly selective DNA sequencing method called Read Until, reducing time needed to analyze biological samples. The technique uses real-time nanopore sequencing and enables analysis of specific DNA strands with pre-determined signatures.
Moderate physical activity lowers heart disease risk in young women
A new study found that spending 2.5 hours per week on recreational physical activity can lower the risk of coronary heart disease in women under 50 by 25%. The benefits of physical activity for cardiovascular health have been shown in previous studies, but this research focused on younger women.
Induced labor not associated with risk for ASDs
A recent study published in JAMA Pediatrics found no association between induced labor and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in offspring. The study analyzed Swedish birth registry data, comparing siblings discordant for labor induction, and found no increased risk of ASDs among offspring born via induced labor.
DNA sequencing uncovers latent risk for developing cystic fibrosis
A study suggests that adding DNA sequencing to current newborn screenings can predict the risk of developing CF earlier and improve outcomes. The researchers found that babies with a 5T allele may develop CF later in life, highlighting the need for additional screening.
SourceChildren's Hospital Los Angeles·JournalGenetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers·DateJul 25, 2016
Novel statistical method captures long-term health burden of pediatric cancer cures
Researchers developed a measurement called cumulative burden to capture chronic disease in childhood cancer survivors, showing that Hodgkin lymphoma patients have more cardiovascular conditions and severe heart problems than adults without childhood cancer. This method should aid efforts to reduce and better manage late effects of canc...
Enhancing molecular imaging with light
A new platform called spectroscopic photon localization microscopy (SPLM) increases the resolution of molecular imaging by fourfold, making it faster and simpler. This breakthrough can be applied to various fields like materials science and life sciences to study nanoscale environments.
Medical students using electronic health records to track former patients
A survey of medical students found that nearly all reported tracking former patients in electronic health records to confirm diagnoses and follow up on progress. However, many expressed ethical concerns about accessing patient records without institutional direction.
Statins improve birth outcomes for mothers with an autoimmune disorder
A new study found that all babies of mothers treated with a specific type of statin survived compared to the standard treatment group, while maternal health also improved. The statin treatment lowered blood pressure and prevented premature birth in women with antiphospholipid syndrome.
Shops openly flouting tobacco sales ban near schools in China
Researchers found that nearly all schools had at least one shop selling tobacco within a 100m radius, and marketing strategies targeting children were pervasive. Enforcement of the ban is needed to protect youth, and point-of-sale displays and advertising are urgently required in China.
Are primary stroke centers associated with lower fatality?
A study analyzed Medicare beneficiaries and found that admission to primary stroke centers (PSCs) was associated with lower seven-day and 30-day death rates. However, longer travel times of at least 90 minutes to PSCs appeared to offset any benefit of care there.
Does a dementia diagnosis have a silver lining? Study suggests it can
A recent study by University of Kentucky researchers found that nearly half of patients with early dementia or mild cognitive impairment reported positive scores on the Silver Lining Questionnaire, indicating improved personal relationships and increased appreciation for life. The results challenge the stereotype of depression and desp...
Flu vaccine may reduce risk of death for type 2 diabetes patients
A new study from Imperial College London found that the flu vaccine may significantly reduce the likelihood of hospitalization with stroke and heart failure in people with type 2 diabetes. Patients who received the influenza vaccination had a 24% lower death rate compared to those who weren't vaccinated.
Do lengthy travel times to Primary Stroke Centers offset benefits of specialized care?
A new study found that receiving treatment at Primary Stroke Centers (PSCs) led to significantly better survival rates for patients traveling less than 90 minutes. However, the benefit was nullified when travel time exceeded 90 minutes. The study used a cohort of Medicare beneficiaries with acute stroke admitted between 2010 and 2013.
SourceThe Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice·JournalJAMA Internal Medicine·DateJul 25, 2016
Clinical advances in gene therapy for central nervous system disorders
Researchers describe expanding scope of gene therapy targeting CNS diseases, including Alzheimer's and ALS. The article highlights rapid progress in viral vector development and delivery strategies for treating these conditions.
NASA scans Tropical Storm Frank's winds
RapidScat detected wind speeds of up to 65 mph near Tropical Storm Frank, with stronger gusts reported south of the center. The storm is generating life-threatening surf and rip currents along Mexico's southern coast.
Liquid biopsies for identification of EGFR mutations and prediction of recurrence
Researchers developed liquid biopsies to detect EGFR mutations in urine, plasma, and blood samples. The tests showed high sensitivity and specificity for identifying patients suitable for targeted treatment and predicting cancer recurrence.
SourceInternational Association for the Study of Lung Cancer·JournalJournal of Thoracic Oncology·DateJul 25, 2016
Rat fathers' diets may affect offspring's breast cancer risk
A study found that the dietary habits of rat fathers can influence their daughters' breast cancer risk, with high-fat diets increasing risk and vegetable fats reducing it. The researchers also discovered changes in microRNA and protein expression in male rats and their female offspring.
Bio-engineered molecule shows promise for quick control of bleeding
Researchers have developed a novel genetically engineered clotting factor that can rapidly reverse bleeding in animal models. The factor, FXaI16L, safely restores blood-clotting ability and significantly reduces bleeding when infused before or during an active bleed.
Study finds induced labor not associated with risk for autism spectrum disorders
A large study found no association between induced labor and increased risk of autism spectrum disorders in children. The research suggests that concern about autism risk should not factor into clinical decisions about inducing labor.
Distant volcanic eruptions foster saguaro cacti baby booms
Climate effects of major eruptions deliver 'just right' conditions for vulnerable saguaro seedlings. A study by biogeographer Taly Drezner found that distant volcanic paroxysms fostered population growth in the Sonoran Desert.
Transcriptome differences in prostate cancer highlight racial disparities and vitamin D
A study found significant differences in gene expression between African American and European American men with prostate cancer, highlighting racial disparities. Vitamin D supplementation reduced these disparities, suggesting a therapeutic potential for addressing racial disparities in prostate cancer outcomes.
New University of Montana study quantifies morel mushroom abundance after wildfire
A recent study published by the University of Montana forest ecology professor Andrew Larson estimated that burned white fir forests in Yosemite alone could produce an average crop of over 1 million morels per year. The research provides concrete data on morel abundance, supporting park rules allowing personal use picking.
Before animals, evolution waited eons to inhale
A new model suggests that oxygen levels in oceans played a crucial role in the emergence of animal evolution, with early life forms surviving in areas with low oxygen concentrations. The research challenges conventional thinking and has implications for estimates of complex life on exoplanets.
SourceGeorgia Institute of Technology·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJul 25, 2016
New movie screen allows for glasses-free 3-D
A new display technology, Cinema 3D, allows viewers to watch 3-D movies without glasses, using a special array of lenses and mirrors. The system enables high-resolution images to be replicated across the theater, offering an immersive cinematic experience from any seat.
Hot news flash! Menopause, insomnia accelerate aging
UCLA studies find that menopause speeds up cellular aging by an average of 6 percent, making women biologically older than their chronological age. Insomnia also accelerates aging, with postmenopausal women experiencing nearly two years more biological aging due to five insomnia symptoms.
SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJul 25, 2016
Hypoxia radiotracer produced automatically in dose-on-demand fashion
Researchers developed an automated system to produce fluorine-18 hypoxia radiotracers, overcoming cost and logistical barriers to PET imaging. The system enables consistent, low-cost production of radiotracers, improving patient access to life-saving diagnostic and therapeutic treatments.
Vast majority of guns recovered by Pittsburgh police not in possession of legal owners
A study analyzing 762 gun recoveries found that nearly 80% of perpetrators carrying a gun were not the lawful owners, indicating significant theft and trafficking issues in the region. The study also found that more than 30% of recovered guns were reported stolen before recovery, with women being underrepresented as victims.
SourceUniversity of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences·JournalSocial Medicine·DateJul 25, 2016
Cities face dramatic increase in water treatment spending when watersheds are developed
A global study found that one-third of large cities spend 50% more on water treatment costs due to damaged watersheds, with a total cost exceeding $100 billion US. Cities can protect their drinking water by planning for sustainable development and investing in urban source watersheds.
SourceWashington State University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJul 25, 2016
Ames Laboratory scientists receive DOE award to help commercialize promising technology
Researchers Iver Anderson and Emma White at Ames Laboratory are awarded a grant to test the performance of Alnico magnets in advanced drive motors. They aim to reduce materials cost, cooling needs, and magnet-processing costs.
Evidence suggests migratory birds are not a reservoir for highly pathogenic flu viruses
A study led by St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that wild ducks and other aquatic birds do not carry highly pathogenic flu viruses, which caused widespread poultry outbreaks in North America. The research suggests that existing immunity in wild birds may explain why these viruses do not persist in their populations.
SourceSt. Jude Children's Research Hospital·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJul 25, 2016
Salmonella protein reduces drug resistance in tumors
Researchers at UMass Medical School developed a Salmonella 'nanobug' mimic to deliver the protein SipA, which naturally reduces a well-known drug-resistant molecule found in many types of cancer cells. The nanobug dramatically boosts tumor sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs, shrinking colon and breast cancer tumors in mice.
New theory explains how beta waves arise in the brain
Scientists have developed a specific mechanistic explanation of beta waves, suggesting that excitatory synaptic stimulation from the thalamus drives pyramidal neurons to produce these waves. The theory is supported by computer models and measurements in animal models.
Study finds average 6-year delay between onset and diagnosis of bipolar disorder
A study by University of New South Wales and Italian researchers found a significant delay in diagnosing bipolar disorder, with an average delay of almost six years. This delay can lead to missed opportunities for early intervention and reduced severity of episodes.
Hospital data helps predict risk of pneumonia after heart surgery
A new analysis of hospital data reveals 17 patient characteristics associated with developing postoperative pneumonia after cardiac surgery, including age, race, smoking habits, and white blood cell count. The study identifies proactive measures that can help patients reduce their risk of pneumonia through prehabilitation.
Research shows sharing of cavity-causing bacteria may not be only from mothers to children
A recent study found that 72% of children harbor at least one strain of Streptococcus mutans not found in any cohabiting family members. The research suggests that child-to-child transmission is a significant route of infection, particularly among African-American and low-socioeconomic groups.
Using tau imaging as diagnostic marker for Alzheimer disease
A new study published in JAMA Neurology found that tau imaging using [18F]-AV-1451 PET tracing distinguished participants with Alzheimer's from those who were cognitively normal. Elevated binding was also associated with volume loss in parts of the brain.
Protein in breast milk reduces infection risk in premature infants
Researchers at the University of Missouri discovered that a manufactured form of lactoferrin can help protect premature infants from staph infections. The study found that giving very-low-birth-weight premature infants lactoferrin virtually eliminated germs responsible for staph infection.
Male hormone reverses cell aging in clinical trial
Researchers found that treating patients with a male hormone increased telomere length and improved hemoglobin mass. The study suggests a possible approach to combat diseases caused by telomerase deficiency.
SourceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·DateJul 25, 2016
Low risk of international Zika virus spread due to 2016 Olympics
According to a study published in Annals of Internal Medicine, travelers to Brazil during the 2016 Olympics are at low risk of contracting or spreading Zika virus. The World Health Organization advised that non-pregnant travelers can safely attend events while taking precautions.
Process could make key biodegradable polymer stronger and longer-lasting
Researchers at Brown University have developed a method to induce a new polymer phase in PLA, increasing its strength and prolonging its degradation rate. The new phase can make the material stronger while also making it last longer, potentially leading to improved medical applications.
Scientists test nanoparticle drug delivery in dogs with osteosarcoma
Researchers at University of Illinois successfully tested nanoparticle drug delivery in dogs with naturally occurring bone cancers, which are similar to human bone tumors. The study demonstrated anti-cancer activity and tolerance to high doses without toxicity in the dogs.
SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJul 25, 2016
1 in 3 overweight and 1 in 7 obese in north east China (Jilin Province)
A large study of nearly 21,000 people in Jilin Province found that being overweight or obese was associated with regular meat consumption, having ever been married, and getting less than 7 hours of sleep per night. The prevalence of obesity and overweight was higher among older adults, particularly those aged 55-64 and 65-79.
Predicting the risk for developing pneumonia in older adults
A study developed a prediction score to help healthcare professionals identify older adults at risk of developing pneumonia. The seven critical factors include age, chronic lung disease, smoking, and body mass index. This scoring system may encourage preventive measures such as vaccination and quitting smoking.
SourceAmerican Geriatrics Society·JournalJournal of the American Geriatrics Society·DateJul 25, 2016
Study suggests 1.6 million childbearing women could be at risk of Zika virus infection
Researchers estimate that up to 90 million infections could result from the initial stages of the spread of Zika in Latin America and the Caribbean. The team's projections suggest Brazil is expected to have the largest total number of infections due to its size and suitability for transmission.
New nontoxic process promises larger ultrathin sheets of 2-D nanomaterials
A novel nontoxic process generates larger ultrathin sheets of 2-D nanosheets, increasing the material's surface area by 20 times, which could expand its commercial applications. The controlled gas exfoliation process separates 2D nanomaterials for use in separation and catalysis.
SourceDOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory·JournalAngewandte Chemie International Edition·DateJul 25, 2016
Unusual new zoantharian species is the first described solitary species in over 100 years
A new solitary species of zoantharian was discovered off the coast of Okinawa, Japan. The species, Sphenopus exilis, lacks zooxanthellae and is much smaller than other known species.
£1.2 million for injectable stem-cell carrying microspheres to regenerate bones
Researchers at the University of Nottingham have secured £1.2m to develop injectable stem cell-carrying materials to treat osteoporosis and other bone-thinning diseases. The targeted therapy aims to promote bone regeneration through a quick, easy, and minimally-invasive treatment.
First discovery from 'New Riversleigh' -- a new extinct carnivorous marsupial
A new species of extinct flesh-eating marsupial, Whollydooleya tomnpatrichorum, has been identified from a fossil discovery in New Riversleigh, Queensland. The hypercarnivore is thought to have weighed around 20-25 kilograms and lived during the Late Miocene period, around 5 million years ago.
Texans are no better off in one city versus another for cancer treatment
A study by Rice University and MD Anderson Cancer Center found significant differences in adherence to recommended cancer treatment for elderly patients across 22 Texas hospital referral regions. Regional variations in treatment rates persist despite the presence of treatment specialists and teaching hospitals.
Added bacterial film makes new mortar resistant to water uptake
Researchers at TUM developed a new mortar resistant to water uptake by adding a biofilm produced by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. The hybrid mortar exhibits a high contact angle, similar to Teflon, reducing the likelihood of liquid absorption.
Embryonic gene Nanog reverses aging in adult stem cells
Researchers discovered that introducing the embryonic gene Nanog into aged stem cells can reverse cellular processes associated with age-related disorders, such as weak bones and clogged arteries. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments for conditions like Alzheimer's disease.
Marine carbon sinking rates confirm importance of polar oceans
A University of Washington study reveals that polar oceans export organic carbon to the deep sea more efficiently than other regions, storing it for centuries. This process, known as the biological pump, highlights the importance of the polar ocean in mitigating climate change.
SourceUniversity of Washington·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJul 25, 2016
Delirium in advanced cancer patients often goes undetected in the emergency department
A new study found delirium to be relatively frequent and underdiagnosed among advanced cancer patients visiting the emergency department, regardless of age. The study highlights the need for better assessment and monitoring of delirium in this population.
Optimizing Monday Night Football
Researchers from the University of Iowa's Tippie College of Business developed an optimization model that analyzes years of Monday Night Football viewership. The study identifies factors such as defending Super Bowl champions, high-profile personnel changes, and teams with high-powered offenses as key predictors of high ratings.
SourceUniversity of Iowa·JournalStatistical Analysis and Data Mining The ASA Data Science Journal·DateJul 25, 2016
New genetics clues into motor neuron disease
Researchers have identified three new genes that increase the risk of motor neuron disease (MND), a debilitating condition with no effective treatments. The discovery provides new opportunities for targeted research and potentially improved outcomes for Australian patients, who are expected to benefit from increased genetic discoveries.
Precision medicines to exploit DNA damage as treatments for cancer
Scientists at the University of Sussex are developing new cancer drugs that target DNA damage response pathways to selectively kill cancer cells. These drugs aim to maximize DNA damage or prevent its repair, leading to cancer cell death while minimizing harm to healthy tissues.
Pain of rejection makes us more likely to commit fraud
A recent study published in Frontiers in Psychology found that people are more likely to inflate insurance claims if their original submissions are rejected. The researchers used a mock insurance claim scenario and found that rejection leads to increased feelings of unhappiness and dishonest behavior.
Researchers discover how honey bees 'telescope' their abdomens
Honey bees can manipulate the shape of their abdomens by curling in one direction due to asymmetrical membranes connecting abdominal segments. This unique movement is made possible by a thin, flexible layer of cells called the folded intersegmental membrane (FIM), allowing each segment to slide into the next one.
Hearing test may identify autism risk
Researchers identified an inner ear deficiency in children with Autism that affects speech recognition. The non-invasive test measures otoacoustic emissions to detect cochlear impairment, correlating it with ASD symptom severity.
Osteopathic manipulation can improve pain in postpartum women
A study published in The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association found that osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) helps reduce acute pain in postpartum women, regardless of delivery method. OMT resulted in a 30% decrease in lower back pain, 17% in abdominal pain, and 10% in vaginal pain.
SourceAmerican Osteopathic Association·JournalThe Journal of the American Osteopathic Association·DateJul 25, 2016
Promising new drug could help treat spinal muscular atrophy
Researchers have developed a new molecule that targets the SMN2 gene responsible for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a neurodegenerative disease causing muscles to weaken. The compound effectively 'turns up the volume' on SMN2, allowing it to produce more of the correct SMN protein, which is essential for neuron function.
First diagnosed case of Alzheimer's disease in HIV-positive individual presented at AAIC
Researchers have identified the first case of Alzheimer's disease in an HIV-positive individual, challenging existing knowledge about dementia in people with HIV. The discovery highlights the need for timely diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease in this population.
Sub-set of stem cells found to minimize risks when used to treat damaged hearts
A new study published in PLOS Computational Biology suggests that using a specific sub-type of human mesenchymal stem cells can reduce potential risks associated with this therapy. This finding could lead to improved treatment outcomes for heart failure patients, providing a safer alternative to existing therapies.
Tel Aviv University research opens the 'black box' of malignant melanoma
A new study pinpoints when melanoma cells metastasize to the brain months before they develop into fatal tumors. Researchers discovered that micro-tumor cells hijack astrogliosis to support metastatic growth, leading to potential early detection and intervention.
Scientists develop painless and inexpensive microneedle system to monitor drugs
Researchers at UBC and PSI developed a microneedle system that measures drug levels in patients' bloodstream without drawing blood. The system uses a tiny needle to collect a small sample of fluid beneath the skin, allowing for quick and easy monitoring of vancomycin levels.
Spiders spin unique phononic material
Scientists at Rice University found a phonon band gap in spider silk, enabling the material to block certain frequencies of sound waves. This discovery has implications for creating tunable, dynamic metamaterials with novel sound or thermal insulation properties.
Building a Moebius strip of good vibrations
Researchers at Yale University have created a Moebius strip-like structure by manipulating the shape of connected vibrating springs, demonstrating a new way to control waves. The experiment showcases an extension to the adiabatic theorem, which predicts a robust method for wave manipulation.
Self-healing textiles not only repair themselves, but can neutralize chemicals
Researchers developed self-healing polyelectrolyte coatings that can repair themselves and neutralize chemicals, protecting users from toxic substances and hazardous environments. The coatings are thin, micron-sized and can increase material strength while being reusable and rewearable after laundering.
Visual pigment rhodopsin forms two-molecule complexes in vivo
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have determined the most likely configuration of rhodopsin in a living organism, finding it exists as a dimer, a two-molecule complex. This discovery may help develop future treatments for retinitis pigmentosa, a degenerative eye disease with no known cure.
SourceBaylor College of Medicine·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJul 25, 2016
Racial differences in inpatient procedures after stroke
Research reveals racial differences in stroke care procedures, with minority patients receiving more life-sustaining treatments like gastrostomy and tracheostomy. However, curative procedures such as IVT and carotid revascularization were less common among minority patients, highlighting disparities in stroke care.
Developmental differences in late preterm babies may not emerge until after age 2
Late preterm babies, born between 34 and 36 weeks, were developmentally on track with peers at age two. However, by preschool and kindergarten, they showed less than optimal math and reading scores compared to full-term infants.
Network physicist sheds light on Alzheimer's, schizophrenia
A new study reveals an evolutionary universal brain structure that enables comparisons of cortical networks between species. This common architecture provides insights into brain disorders such as Alzheimer's and schizophrenia.
Penn researchers develop placenta-on-a-chip
The Penn researchers have developed a placenta-on-a-chip that accurately models the transport of nutrients across the placental barrier. This innovation has the potential to revolutionize research on preterm birth by providing a unique capability to mimic and study the function of the human placenta.
Newly found, 'thrifty' genetic variant influences Samoan obesity
A recent study identified a genetic variant associated with higher BMI levels and increased efficiency of fat storage among Samoans. This 'thrifty' variant, found on chromosome 5, is linked to the islands' high obesity rates and may have evolved as an adaptation to food scarcity in ancient times.
How to build a new brand of engineer
A transdisciplinary team at Virginia Tech is developing a new curriculum model that prepares engineering undergraduates with disciplinary depth and flexible learning experiences. The project aims to broaden the diversity of students entering the program and provide them with adaptive skills to address real-world problems.
New gene variants present in 3 percent of all ALS patients
A new study identifies a genetic cause of ALS in 3% of cases, with the NEK1 gene playing a crucial role in neuronal function. The discovery highlights the importance of big data in ALS research and offers new targets for therapy development.
A bioink by any other name: Clarifying definitions in 3-D bioprinting
The article introduces common definitions for 3D bioprinting-related terms, including 3D printing, bioadditive manufacturing, and biomimetic printing. The definitions aim to provide clarity in the rapidly expanding field of 3D bioprinting in medical applications.
Among the oldest adults, poor balance may signal higher risk for dementia
Researchers found a link between poor physical performance tests and increased dementia risk in people aged 90 and older. The study suggests that testing walking and standing balance may help predict dementia risk among the 'oldest-old'.
SourceAmerican Geriatrics Society·JournalJournal of the American Geriatrics Society·DateJul 25, 2016
New lithium-oxygen battery greatly improves energy efficiency, longevity
A new battery concept, called nanolithia cathode battery, promises similar theoretical performance as lithium-air batteries while reducing heat waste and improving charging speed. The new design could overcome issues with volume changes and auxiliary components, enabling faster charging and longer lifetimes.
Ancient eye in the sky
Astronomers have discovered a rare gravitational lensing system dubbed the Eye of Horus, which offers a unique opportunity to probe the fundamental physics of galaxies. The system, consisting of two distinct background galaxies behind a foreground galaxy, provides valuable insights into galaxy interactions and cosmology.
SourceNational Institutes of Natural Sciences·JournalThe Astrophysical Journal Letters·DateJul 25, 2016
Flu vaccine reduces risk of hospital stay for stroke, heart failure for diabetes patients
A new study found that flu vaccination in people with type 2 diabetes is associated with reduced rates of hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The vaccine was linked to a 19% reduction in heart attacks, 30% lower risk of stroke, and 22% decrease in heart failure hospitalizations.
SourceCanadian Medical Association Journal·JournalCanadian Medical Association Journal·DateJul 25, 2016
NASA calculated Tropical Storm Darby's rainfall rates over Hawaii
Tropical Storm Darby brought heavy rainfall and strong winds to the Hawaiian Islands, with rainfall rates reaching up to 5.4 inches per hour. The Global Precipitation Measurement mission detected intense storms southeast of the Big Island, causing widespread flooding and prompting evacuation warnings.
NASA sees formation of Tropical Depression 05W in infrared
Tropical Depression 05W formed on July 25, 2016, with cloud tops reaching -63.6F and sea surface temperatures of 87.8F, ideal conditions for intensification. It was moving west-northwest at 12 knots towards Hainan Island, China.
BRCA1 mutations in breast and ovarian cancer can predict treatment resistance
Researchers have identified BRCA1 mutations that predict treatment resistance in breast and ovarian cancers. Studies found that tumors with these mutations express a RING-deficient BRCA1 protein, leading to poor treatment responses.
US police killed or injured more than 55,000 people during 'legal interventions' in 2012
According to research published in Injury Prevention, black Americans were more likely to be stopped and arrested than whites, yet no more likely to be injured or killed. The study found that excess death rates among blacks and youth reflect exposure to excessive police force.
Researchers 'solve' key Zika virus protein structure
Scientists have discovered the molecular structure of a key Zika virus protein, shedding light on its role in viral reproduction and immune system interaction. The study provides new insights into the NS1 protein's functions and potential targets for vaccine development.
Human 'super predator' more terrifying than bears, wolves and dogs
A new study by Western University found that smaller carnivores like European badgers fear humans more than their traditional enemies, leading to altered ecosystem processes. This discovery highlights the impact of human activity on wildlife and conservation efforts.
Patch delivers drug, gene, and light-based therapy to tumor sites
A new adhesive patch has been developed by MIT researchers to deliver a triple-combination of drug, gene, and photo therapy directly to tumor sites. The patch destroys colorectal tumors and prevents recurrence after surgery.
DNA analyses reveal genetic identities of world's first farmers
A Harvard-led research team conducted the first large-scale genome-wide analysis of ancient human remains from the Near East, illuminating population dynamics and genetic identities of world's first farmers. The study reveals three genetically distinct farming populations living in the Near East at the dawn of agriculture.
Best-selling lipid for skin and hair also holds promise for Alzheimer's
A new study suggests that a long version of waxy ceramide, often found in skin creams and shampoos, plays a critical role in supporting brain cells called astrocytes. The researchers aim to understand how this lipid regulates cilia on brain cells and prevent neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease.