A study published in Nutrition & Diabetes has found that overeating reduces levels of the hormone uroguanylin, which signals feelings of fullness in the brain. When mice were overfed, their small intestines stopped producing this hormone, leading to increased eating behavior.
Research at UC Davis Health System identified a mechanism by which antibiotics alter gut microbiota, increasing nutrients that benefit pathogen growth. The study found that oral antibiotic treatment increases the synthesis of an enzyme generating nitric oxide radicals, which oxidize sugars and promote Salmonella growth.
A study published in BMJ found that consuming seven servings of whole grains daily lower risk for all cardiovascular diseases and mortality from cancer, diabetes, and respiratory diseases. The researchers also showed a significant reduction in risk for coronary heart disease, stroke, and other health conditions.
Researchers identified a small-molecule inhibitor that disrupted the recruitment of Mastermind-like protein 1 to the Notch transcription complex, inhibiting cancer cell growth and supressing tumor growth in mouse xenograft studies. This discovery represents a new paradigm for Notch-based anticancer therapeutics.
New studies show antibiotics can delay infant microbiome development, reduce bacterial diversity, and lead to temporary antibiotic resistance gene presence. The findings suggest a need for further research on long-term consequences of gut microbiome disturbances linked to obesity, diabetes, and allergies.
Researchers developed a 'blocking' layer of porous carbon from loofah sponges to stabilize cathodes and improve lithium-sulfur, selenium, and iodine batteries. The new material helped prevent cathode dissolution over 500 to 5,000 cycles.
Researchers from IDIBELL-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute have found that combining a positive emotional component with a given stimulus promotes memory for future stimuli of the same type. This effect is observed until after 24 hours of sleep, when memory consolidation is maximized.
Researchers at the University of Bristol have developed a new generation of high-efficiency solar thermal absorbers using a tri-layer metasurface absorber. The system uses amorphous carbon as an interlayer between thin gold films, strongly absorbing light across the solar spectrum while minimizing emission of thermal radiation.
The study establishes a phase diagram of dry olivine up to 6.4 GPa, linking temperature and melting behavior. This relationship enables the comparison of the strength of the upper mantle with different thermal states and olivine composition.
Researchers found that wearing a compression collar around the neck may prevent or reduce the effects of head collisions in sports. The Q-Collar device increases brain blood volume, reducing energy absorbed by the brain during collisions.
A male-killing bacterium has been identified as the cause of female-biased sex ratios in green lacewings. The bacterium is closely related to plant pathogens and may have jumped hosts to infect lacewings. Further research is needed to investigate possible host suppressors against male-killing.
Research reveals that giant sequoia leaves respond to environmental conditions, with upper crown leaves having more fibers and transfusion tissue. These traits enable the trees to store more carbon and water, promoting growth and resilience in drought conditions.
A new study found that adolescents who get insufficient sleep experience increased variability in sadness, anger, and energy levels. Healthy teens who restrict their sleep have worse moods the next day, while those with higher daily mood scores predict poor sleep quality the following night.
Researchers found that approximately one-third of patients with low flow AS treated with TAVR continue to suffer persistent low flow AS. These patients have a 60% higher rate of mortality at one year due to poor blood flow, emphasizing the need for improved treatment and monitoring.
A new study analyzing Medicare data identifies four patterns of end-of-life spending, revealing that nearly half of older Americans' high spending was already in motion a year before death. The 'High Persistent' group had the highest spending, while the 'Late Rise' group had very low spending until their final months.
Astrophysicists at Northwestern University predict that LIGO's first detection of merging black holes could have been formed through dynamic interactions in the star-dense core of an old globular cluster. The theory, known as dynamical formation, is one of two recognized main channels for forming binary black holes detected by LIGO.
Researchers have found that the human amygdala can detect threats in the visual environment at extremely fast time scales, even before receiving precise visual input from the neocortex. This discovery has implications for our understanding of pathologies such as phobias and anxiety, where the amygdala plays a key role.
A new study by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging shows that PET/CT imaging using prostate-specific membrane antigen leads to highly accurate tumor detection and delineation, with a 67% accuracy rate.
A study by Colorado State University researchers reveals that tropical mayflies have a higher number of distinct species than their temperate-zone counterparts. The distinctions between these species consist of subtle, genetic differences that aren't readily visible to the naked eye.
Research at University of Plymouth investigates potential therapy for dementia with Lewy bodies, a condition caused by alpha-synuclein protein deposits in nerve cells. The project aims to understand mitochondrial damage and its impact on DLB, potentially leading to new treatments.
The study found that Varroa mites prefer infesting adult bees at mid-age, or during the nurse phase, which takes care of larvae. This preference significantly affects the mite's reproductive fitness and success later on.
Researchers at Tohoku University have developed a new-structure nonvolatile magnetic memory device that achieves sub-nanosecond operation with minimal current consumption. The device overcomes limitations of existing nonvolatile memories and is expected to enable the creation of high-performance microcontroller units for IoT applications.
By editing just one or two genes, Cornell University researchers have altered the patterns on a butterfly's wings, shedding light on their evolution and potential applications. The study found that the distal-less gene plays a crucial role in shaping multiple body parts, including eyespots.
A new study projects a four percent increase in acres burned by wildfire in the Southeast by 2060, with substantial uncertainties and variations by state and ecoregion. Climate change models and societal changes, including land use and population growth, are key drivers of this projected increase.
Researchers developed approach dynamically changing user's field of view in response to visually perceived motion to reduce VR sickness. The study showed significant reduction in VR sickness experienced by participants without decreasing their sense of presence in the virtual environment.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology calls for community action to develop comprehensive toolkit for assuring cell line quality. A DNA fingerprinting method is proposed to detect mix-ups and contamination, addressing a growing priority among funders and publishers.
Researchers identified 'stop cells' in the brainstem of mice and lampreys that quickly end movement by activating neural networks. The study provides new insights into the neuronal control of movement termination in vertebrates.
Researchers detected propylene oxide, a chiral molecule, in the Sagittarius B2(N) molecular cloud using radio astronomy. The finding sheds light on the origins of life and homochirality, with implications for understanding life elsewhere in the universe.
Researchers found that microRNA-181b targets Card10, a protein that helps activate inflammation. In preclinical studies, the delivery of miR-181b reduced blood clot formation and prolonged time to artery blockage by up to 1.6 fold.
Biologist Juliano Sarmento Cabral's research focuses on understanding island ecosystems' diversity and its connection to the past. He simulates nature in virtual worlds to study how environmental factors affect plants and animals, including the impact of climate change on epiphytes.
A year-long experiment in Peterborough found that targeting crime hot spots with extra PCSO patrols can prevent 86 assaults and save thousands in prison costs. The study, published in the Journal of Experimental Criminology, suggests a five-to-one return on investment for every £10 spent on targeted foot patrols.
A study by Children's Hospital Los Angeles researchers sheds light on the development of appetite regulation in Prader-Willi syndrome. The study found that a gene responsible for PWS, Magel2, affects axonal growth, leading to lifelong metabolic dysregulation.
The new sixth volume of Research on Chrysomelidae features five research articles on the latest findings about the 37,000 leaf beetle species. The studies cover a new species of potentially dangerous legume-feeding pest and provide new information on life cycle, ecological interactions, species richness factors, and taxonomy.
A recent study by University of Illinois ecologists found that garlic mustard populations become less aggressive and produce less sinigrin over time. This is due to a fitness cost associated with producing the chemical, which allows native plants to recover and compete more effectively.
A new equation has been developed to predict happiness based on an individual's own experiences and the fortunes of those around them. The study found that people are less happy if others get more or less than them, but this varies from person to person.
Researchers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center found significant changes in total brain gray matter volume and specific brain regions in teenagers with type 2 diabetes. These changes are associated with reduced cognitive abilities, particularly in pronunciation and language skills.
A study published in Frontiers in Physiology found that accentuated eccentric loading training can lead to greater strength gains compared to traditional isoinertial loads. After five weeks, experienced strength-trainers showed improvements in force production, work capacity, and muscle activation.
Entamoeba histolytica is a parasitic infection causing 50 million cases of amoebic dysentery each year and killing 50,000-100,000. Researchers aim to accelerate understanding of the parasite's metabolism by studying unusual enzymes that enable its survival.
PharmaMar announces the start of a multicenter study evaluating plitidepsin's efficacy in patients with relapsed and refractory angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. The primary endpoint is overall response rate, while secondary endpoints include duration of response, progression-free survival, and pharmacokinetic characteristics.
A new study has identified a connection between a cancer gene and the metabolic processes that fuel the rapid growth and movement of aggressive cancer cells. Researchers discovered that the RhoC gene regulates cell metabolism and energy production, driving cancer cells to move faster than normal.
A large-scale study found a slight increase in risk of cutaneous melanoma among men taking PDE5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction, but this was largely explained by greater sun exposure. The study suggests that these drugs are unlikely to be associated with an increased risk of skin cancer.
A study published in JAMA found that firearm injury severity and in-hospital fatality rates have increased over the past two decades. From 2000 to 2013, the number of severe firearm injuries per patient rose significantly, resulting in higher death rates.
A team of Duke researchers has solved the structure of an enzyme required to synthesize trehalose, a chemical cousin to table sugar that pathogenic fungi need to survive in human hosts. The research paves the way for designing new antifungal drugs against three deadly fungi: Cryptococcus, Candida, and Aspergillus.
A new clinical trial shows that drinking 8-ounce glasses of cranberry juice daily reduces recurrent UTI episodes by nearly 40%. Cranberry consumption may help alleviate the burden of antibiotic resistance and improve quality of life for women suffering from recurring UTIs.
A new study found that laws restricting alcohol sales in Texas counties are associated with higher rates of alcohol misuse and liver disease, as well as atrial fibrillation. In contrast, dry counties had lower rates of these conditions, suggesting a potential benefit to alcohol restrictions.
Research suggests poor physical fitness and sedentary behavior are associated with increased pain conditions in children. Introducing pause exercises can prevent the development of pain conditions.
Researchers found that alcohol-dependent individuals experience a peak incidence of suicide in the evening hours and a low at dawn. The study suggests that this circadian pattern may help identify patients at higher risk of completing suicide.
A recent study by Indiana University researchers found that young African-American adults are less susceptible to delirium in the ICU compared to Caucasians of the same age group. The study, which analyzed data from over 2,000 adults, also revealed differences in medication use and disease severity between racial groups.
Despite medical community's understanding of brain function, the double-trauma amnesia cure belief persisted due to anecdotal evidence and flawed theories. A French scientist named Francois Xavier Bichat proposed the idea that a second blow could restore memories in the late 18th century, but his claims were not backed by specific cases.
Scientists have described a new mating position in the Bombay night frog, where males straddle over females' backs to release sperm without physical contact. This behavior is unique among anuran amphibians and has significant implications for understanding reproductive strategies.
A team of researchers has developed a nanoprobe that enables the direct measurement of key proteins within living, cultured cells. The device tracked levels of Alzheimer's-disease-associated proteins amyloid-beta and tau in neurons exposed to an anesthetic, revealing that A-beta generation precedes tau phosphorylation.
Bees that specialize on sunflower pollen have evolved to avoid a common brood-parasitic wasp, Sapyga, which is unable to develop on the pollen provisions of these bees. This study suggests that specialization on sunflower pollen confers anti-parasite benefits.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic have developed a new method to accurately measure GDF11, a circulating factor associated with advanced biological age and chronic disease. Higher levels of GDF11 were found in older adults with frailty, diabetes, or prior cardiac conditions.
A new business model is required to drive antibiotic development, driven by market failures and perverse incentives that hinder conservation efforts. The proposed delinkage of rewards from sales volume could transform the industry and ensure the development of much-needed new treatments.
A new study found that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) can reduce the risk of strokes, heart attacks, and death in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing peritoneal dialysis. The study involved 4,879 patients and showed a 16% lower risk of cardiovascular events with...
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials found that phentermine-topiramate and liraglutide were associated with the highest odds of achieving at least 5% weight loss. The study included nearly 30,000 overweight or obese adults and identified the efficacy of five FDA-approved long-term weight loss agents.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic have identified CD38 as the key enzyme responsible for decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels during aging. This decline is associated with age-related metabolic decline and conditions like obesity and diabetes. Increasing NAD levels may be achieved by inhibiting CD38 function.
Researchers created a nanoscale drum using graphene to manipulate vibrations with high tunability and controllable coupling between modes. This enabled the creation of new notes and amplification of vibrations, opening doors to probing fundamental physics and improving sensor sensitivity.
A novel on-chip microscope made from consumer electronics enables simultaneous measurement of nanometer-thick changes over a large volume in transparent objects. The device utilizes phase-shifting interferometry and offers unprecedented field-of-view and depth-of-field capabilities, making it suitable for point-of-care applications.
The University of Delaware-DuPont team has received an NSF grant to investigate a new approach to manufacturing small-scale structures that are cheaper, lighter and defect-free. The research aims to create ultra-small features using self-assembling macromolecules and block copolymers.