Researchers have identified a new strain of bacteria A12 that can help neutralize acid and kill Streptococcus mutans, a harmful type of streptococcal bacteria. This discovery may lead to the development of a probiotic supplement to prevent cavities.
Researchers have discovered a new class of drugs that specifically induce apoptosis in B cell malignancies, such as leukemia and lymphoma. The drugs target the STING protein, which plays a critical role in regulating the immune system, and have been shown to be effective in treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma.
A new study by Boston University researchers found that three state laws - requiring firearm identification, ammunition background checks, and universal background checks - can substantially reduce gun deaths. Implementing these laws nationwide could project a national mortality rate of 0.16 per 100,000 people.
A recent study by Cornell University researchers reveals that climate change attitudes are less politicized among minority groups compared to white respondents. Non-whites were found to care as much about the environment as whites, yet are underrepresented in addressing the issue due to social barriers and socioeconomic realities.
A new study by SWOG found that negative cancer trials have a significant impact on cancer research, despite initial skepticism. The study analyzed 94 randomized Phase III cancer trials and found that the scientific impact of negative trials was similar to that of positive trials over time.
Researchers at UCL have made significant discoveries about the brain's role in imagination and navigation. Grid cell activity has been observed in healthy volunteers imagining moving through an environment, suggesting a potential link between grid cells and Alzheimer's disease.
A University of Illinois expert argues that investing in public higher education yields significant economic benefits, including tax revenues and lower welfare costs. The state's underinvestment in education could have serious implications for its fiscal health and human capital.
Scientists have reconstructed an early human landscape in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, providing insights into the lives of our ancestors. The site, which dated back 1.8 million years, showed a mix of woodland, grasslands, and wetlands, with hominins competing for food with carnivores.
Organs-on-chips reconstitute functional interfaces between living tissues, enabling complex organ-level functions and insights into human pathophysiology. Researchers use these devices to study communication in biology and develop personalized medicine.
Research reveals that people with anxiety have a hard time distinguishing between emotionally charged experiences and neutral stimuli, exhibiting a behavioral phenomenon known as over-generalization.
Researchers at the University of Missouri found that surgery can greatly increase a man's chance of survival when traditional radiation therapy has failed. A complex procedure to remove the prostate achieves excellent long-term survival for men after radiation therapy has failed.
Breast cancer is more aggressive and common in obese women due to peritumoral fat facilitating the expansion of cancer stem cells. Researchers found that interactions between tumor cells and immature adipocytes increase cytokine secretion, leading to increased CSCs and metastasis.
Scientists have discovered that newly generated brain cells, also known as adult neurogenesis, are required for memory formation and pattern separation. The study found that these cells exhibit unique activity patterns, which help distinguish between different environments.
The UMass Amherst entomologist is documenting the spread of the insect in Mexico to assess its impact on native plant diversity. The cycad aulacaspis scale threatens Mexico's 55 species of cycads, which are culturally important and vulnerable to extinction.
Researchers at Duke University have identified a potential drug target in the skin for treating short-term itch. By targeting a specific ion channel protein called TRPV4, scientists hope to develop topical treatments that can suppress itch and inflammation.
Automatic Ship Identification Systems (AIS) have vast potential to provide valuable marine data and inform international marine policies. However, inconsistent use of this technology and data falsification by users must be addressed.
Researchers found that lead exposure during gestation and lactation altered the gut microbiota of adult mice, leading to increased body weight. The study suggests a potential link between early life lead exposure and obesity in adulthood.
The new system, VGOS, enables precise measurements of the Earth's shape with improved sensitivity and data rates. The system uses broadband antennas to conduct observations in four bands, reducing interference and increasing data rates.
Researchers found that humans can recognize objects in partial- or low-resolution images, with a
Researchers found that strategic tree planting on floodplains can reduce peak flood height by 6-20% by slowing down rainwater arrival. Extensive forest and river restoration resulted in larger reductions, with mature forests reducing flood risk by up to 100 years post-planting.
Scientists at the University of Nottingham have developed a process to create hyperpolarized krypton gas for MRI scanning of the lungs, offering a clearer picture of lung disease. This technology uses clean energy combustion to retain the hyperpolarized state of krypton during preparation.
The €7 million Tools for Assessment and Planning of Aquaculture Sustainability (TAPAS) project will create cost-efficient management tools to investigate sustainability in European aquaculture. The study aims to enhance environment sustainability, aquatic food security, and support transparent and efficient licensing.
A new study reveals that European honeybees are being poisoned with up to 57 different pesticides, posing a threat to bee populations worldwide. The researchers developed a method for analyzing 200 pesticides simultaneously, providing critical information on the toxic mix and its impact on honeybee health.
A new study published in the Lancet found that sunitinib and sorafenib, widely used targeted therapy drugs for metastatic kidney cancer, have no effect on preventing return of the disease to increase life spans of patients suffering from advanced kidney cancer after surgery. The study involved 1,943 patients treated with one year of so...
A research team using ALMA detected the faintest millimeter-wave source ever observed and found that they are responsible for 100% of the enigmatic infrared background light. 60% of these objects are faint galaxies, while the rest remain unknown.
A new study found that a specific gene variant can speed up the metabolism of drugs in cancer patients, leading to poorer outcomes. This variant affects the CYP3A7 enzyme, which breaks down hormones and medications, potentially reducing their effectiveness.
A European-funded study found that a nutritional drink can help conserve memory and reduce brain shrinkage in people with prodromal Alzheimer's disease. While the primary endpoint was not met, significant differences were observed for hippocampal and whole-brain atrophy, as well as improvements in CDR Sum of Boxes and episodic memory.
Researchers are developing personalized assessment tools to predict and prevent radiation-induced cancers in astronauts and on Earth. High-energy ions, like those used in cancer treatments, pose a risk of new tumors and more aggressive cancer types.
A new study aims to identify individuals at highest risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma by analyzing DNA methylation patterns. The research team will use a two-year project to develop a screening test that can detect Barrett's esophagus patients who should start getting frequent endoscopies.
Researchers tested a low-dose dopamine-1 receptor agonist for treating cognitive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, but found no significant improvements. The study suggests that higher doses of the medication may be more effective in counteracting these symptoms.
A study published in Respirology found that mothers who smoke are more likely to have children with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adulthood. The risk is particularly pronounced when children exposed to maternal cigarette smoke take up smoking later in life.
Researchers found that maslinic acid induces extrinsic cellular death pathway in Caco-2 cells without protein p53, leading to early apoptosis. The study suggests natural antitumoral agents with dual apoptotic pathways could be effective in treating colon cancer.
Overdose deaths in PA rose 14-fold between 1979 and 2014, with highest rates among young women and white men. The analysis suggests potential targets for public health intervention and law enforcement efforts.
In high-density populations, slow-exploring great tits have a higher chance of survival compared to fast-exploring individuals. However, the birds are unable to adapt their exploratory behavior to changing density, which may explain why selection favors a mix of personality types.
Researchers have identified a new molecular mechanism underlying neurodegeneration, which may lead to new diagnostics or therapeutic approaches for ALS. Cells construct protein clumps to protect against neurodegenerative diseases.
A recent UCR study found that biomass burning of polluted forest fuels exacerbates poor air quality and related health concerns in heavily polluted areas. The research showed that emissions from polluted fuels released more nitrogen oxides and small fine particles, posing respiratory health risks.
The comet's passage threw Mars' magnetic field into chaos, with effects seen in real-time during the flyby and even hours after. The findings suggest a temporary surge in gas escaping from Mars' upper atmosphere, similar to a strong solar storm.
A recent study found that African Americans have a higher risk of hypertension, diabetes, and kidney failure compared to whites, even after adjusting for genetic variants. Most blacks with the high-risk APOL1 gene variant experienced similar decline in kidney function as those without the variant.
A team of researchers is developing a new mooring system for floating offshore wind turbines that uses an integrated network of anchors and lines to hold dozens or even hundreds of turbines in place. This proposed system aims to save money and require fewer anchors and geotechnical site investigations.
The University of Missouri team will investigate drought resistance in corn, which could help sustain the estimated 9 billion global population by 2050. The four-year project will build upon years of interdisciplinary research and contribute to increased food security and stability.
BMJ Best Practice features a continuing medical education (CME/CPD) tracking tool, allowing doctors to earn credits while using the platform as part of their working day. The new tool collates time spent learning and enables users to reflect on their impact on practice, supporting appraisal and revalidation.
A new process for making brain tissue transparent has been developed at RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, allowing for the creation of super-resolution 3-D images of delicate structures deep in the brain. This breakthrough enables researchers to visualize synaptic changes and neural structures with unprecedented detail.
A new study by neuroscientists at Duke University found that even practiced movements are imperfect due to brain noise, which can affect our responding movements. The research team discovered a correlation between the activity of individual neurons and the size of eye movement delays.
Researchers at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution discover that phytoplankton, microscopic plant-like organisms, produce massive amounts of methanol in the ocean, rivaling or exceeding land-based production. This finding challenges previous thinking on oceanic methanol sources and has implications for biofuel applications.
Researchers identified novel gene locations associated with childhood body mass index (BMI) through a meta-analysis of over 47,000 children. The study's findings suggest that genetic variants may not exert their effects only in childhood, but have different effects at different ages.
Researchers found that brain swelling in mice with experimental cerebral malaria starts in the olfactory bulb and spreads along a specific path called the rostral migratory stream. This path is used by immature nerve cells and immune cells, allowing the progression of inflammation into the central nervous system.
A new study of over 18,000 adults found that most people's happiness is not affected by changes in income, but those who experience an income loss are more likely to feel unhappy. The research suggests that financial stability, rather than continual income growth, is key to achieving happiness and well-being.
Researchers at Uppsala University quantify selective forces shaping bacterial genomes, discovering that small changes in fitness can be selected against. They find that changing even a single codon reduces the fitness of bacteria by 0.01 procent per generation.
Researchers found that a global methane plateau between 1999 and 2006 was caused by lower industrial emissions, but ended when biogenic sources, such as agriculture, increased. The study suggests that agricultural activity may be a key contributor to the resumed increases in atmospheric methane levels.
New research finds that overlooked electrical resistance in organic field-effect transistors can lead to overestimates of charge-carrier mobility. The study's findings challenge conventional wisdom and highlight the need for accurate measurement methods to benchmark organic semiconductor performance.
The Allen Institute will reconstruct over 1,000 brain connections using electron microscopes and machine learning algorithms. The project aims to advance artificial intelligence by reverse-engineering the brain's algorithms.
A UCSB biologist and colleagues used satellite data on fishing to help protect ocean biodiversity. They analyzed billions of vessel data points to assess the effectiveness of new marine parks in stopping illegal fishing. The researchers also created a global map of human use of high seas, paving the way for more effective management of...
The proposed platform, amanuens.is, integrates ContentMine and Hypothes.is prototypes to mine critical facts from scientific documents and make them publicly available. By combining machines and humans, it aims to reduce costs, increase transparency, and facilitate collaboration in biomedical research.
Researchers found that individuals with more brown fat had smaller fluctuations in blood sugar levels. Brown fat may act as a 'glucose buffer', lessening the variation in blood glucose and potentially diminishing metabolic stresses that could increase the risk of diabetes.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have found that Nit1, a gene previously thought to be a tumor suppressor, actually promotes cancer growth. The study suggests that Nit1 may represent a new target for drug therapy, offering hope for treating aggressive non-small cell lung cancer.
Researchers have created a robust method for comparing metagenome-coupled DNA sequences from all organisms in a sample, allowing for more effective and quick comparison of samples. This approach, based on k-mer frequencies, can detect previously unknown segments of DNA and improve the analysis of intestinal bacteria.
Researchers developed an algorithm that sorts and edits video footage into picturesque highlights for a vacation reel. The approach analyzes images with ideal artistic properties, considering factors like geolocation, composition, symmetry, and color vibrancy.
The NIFA-NSF Joint Plant-Biotics Interactions program supports research on plant-biotic interactions, focusing on fundamental mechanisms and translational efforts. Funding is available for projects addressing agriculture and relevance to plant health, with applications due in June and April.
Researchers created accurate 'maps' of gene networks across 400 human cell types, describing hundreds of thousands of regulatory interactions. This global view provides new insights into disease mechanisms, pinpointing affected genes and tissues in complex diseases.
Recent study confirms wave-particle duality in quantum mechanics by recreating John Archibald Wheeler's 'great smoky dragon' thought experiment. The research demonstrates that the nature of light is not fixed until observed, with implications for quantum cryptography and computing.
A Rutgers study found that free-form gesture passwords are easier to use and remember than traditional text passwords, keeping devices more secure. Participants spent 22% less time logging in and 42% less time creating passwords with gesture passwords.
New research analyzed data from over 68,000 women with breast cancer registered in England between 2006-2013. The study found that average age at diagnosis was lower in both South Asian and Black women than in White women. Ethnic minority women may still face larger tumours and more aggressive features despite younger age.
A study published in JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery found that septorhinoplasty revision rates were low at 3.3%, but certain patient characteristics, such as younger age and history of anxiety or autoimmune disease, were associated with increased revision rates. The authors analyzed data from over 175,000 patients undergoing septorhinopla...
Researchers have created a statistical model to forecast extreme waves, which are large and spontaneous ocean waves that can be deadly. The model uses joint statistics of multiple points in time or space to capture wave heights and turbulent air flows, greatly reducing complexity and obeying the Fokker-Planck equation.
The IBS team developed a graphene-semiconductor catalytic nanodiode that enables the detection of hot electrons on platinum nanoparticles in real time. This breakthrough allows researchers to study the electronic effect on catalytic activity and potentially design improved catalytic materials with lower costs.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a new method for synthesizing the potent anti-cancer agent trioxacarcin, which damages DNA and disrupts cancer cell replication. This breakthrough allows for more efficient production of these valuable molecules, enabling their study as potential new medications.
A clinical trial found that approximately a quarter of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who received combination treatment experienced significant tumor shrinkage or disappearance within 11 days. This discovery offers the possibility of tailoring treatment for each woman, potentially reducing the need for chemotherapy.
A new study found that low expression of SMARCA4/BRG1 gene in lung tumors may indicate patients who will benefit from certain chemotherapy regimens. The findings suggest an alternative therapy for these patients to spare them from cisplatin's side effects and allow them to try a different treatment sooner.
A nationwide study found that universal background checks for guns and ammunition can substantially reduce firearm deaths in the USA. Implementing these laws could halve national gun death rates, cutting overall gun deaths to 1.99 per 100000 (81% decrease).
Researchers developed Chalkboarding, a graphical user interface that enables users to quickly retrieve basketball plays from a database by sketching what they seek. The approach outperformed keyword-based searches in user testing, offering a more efficient and effective way to access sports analytics data.
Researchers found that HIV-infected adolescent males had increased levels of sCD14, a marker of macrophage activation, leading to lower bone mass and density. This is due to the protective effects of estrogen in females, which represses macrophage function.
A study published in Genome Biology and Evolution sequenced the genome of Metaseiulus occidentalis, a predatory mite widely used to control plant pests. The research revealed completely atomized Hox genes and superdynamic intron evolution, highlighting the unique biology of this agriculturally important predator.
The Royal College of General Practitioners has accredited BMJ Best Practice, a healthcare knowledge provider that offers high-quality clinical decision support to GPs. The tool features continuing professional development tracking and accreditation, allowing GPs to earn credits while using it in their working day.
The US Department of Energy has awarded PNNL $625,000 to advance three small business projects in hydropower, energy efficiency and bio-based chemicals. The projects aim to reduce costs, increase sustainability and improve production processes for these technologies.
Researchers found that pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) aids wound healing by promoting the development of new blood vessels at the wound site. PKM2 treatment aided early wound closure and promoted higher levels of vessel growth, suggesting its functional role in the wound healing process.
A new study finds that despite having higher levels of wealth, African Americans are still more likely to be incarcerated than whites and Hispanics. The study also shows that as the wealth of black women grows, their chances of being incarcerated decline.
A study by the University of the Basque Country found that larger pitches and more players per team increase physical and physiological demands on young footballers. The research suggests adapting competition models to match the physiological development of participants, particularly for the U12 age group.
A new study found that Hispanic women who identify as White have better functional health and lower rates of poverty compared to those who identify as Black or other races. U.S.-born Hispanic women who identify as Black have a higher rate of functional limitations, with over 25% living below the poverty line.
Scientists have developed a modified form of CRISPR that can silence genes in stem cells more efficiently and precisely than the original CRISPR-Cas9 system. This new technology allows for flexible gene suppression and reversal, enabling versatile investigations into genetic diseases.
Dr. Bianca Russell has been awarded the David L. Rimoin Inspiring Excellence Award for her groundbreaking research on a novel skeletal dysplasia caused by homozygous mutations in BMPR1A. This achievement recognizes her dedication to advancing medical genetics and genomics.
Researchers accurately measured the rotational rate of an 18 billion solar mass supermassive black hole, one-third of the maximum spin rate allowed in General Relativity. The binary black hole model reveals a smaller companion orbiting around it, affecting accretion disk behavior.
Researchers from Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology discovered that stick insects have enzymes capable of degrading complex plant cell wall components, including xyloglucan. This discovery marks the first known xyloglucanase of any kind to be found in multicellular animals.
Researchers at Lomonosov Moscow State University discovered the key trigger of Alzheimer's disease development, involving zinc ions and peptide aggregation. They propose a mechanism for transforming healthy peptides into toxic ones, paving the way for new medicine to block beta-amyloid peptide aggregation.
A study by Pavel Kovarik and his team at the University of Vienna reveals that type I interferons play a crucial role in regulating IL-1β levels, preventing excessive inflammation and balance in the immune system.
A team of researchers from INRS has successfully generated multiphoton entangled quantum states using on-chip optical frequency combs. This breakthrough paves the way for practical applications of quantum computing, enabling secure data transfer and superfast processing.
A new study from Mount Sinai found that light exposure therapy can decrease depressive symptoms among cancer survivors. Participants who received bright white light therapy showed improvement, while those with dim red light therapy experienced no change.
A new study by UC Santa Barbara researchers finds that excess nutrient input leads to imbalances in mutualistic species interactions. This can have far-reaching implications for ecosystems, including decreased growth of fungal partners and increased growth of plant partners.
A new species of narrow-mouthed frog, Microhyla laterite, has been discovered in laterite rock formations of southwest India. The frog, which is distinct from closely related species, is classified as Endangered due to its narrow geographic range and fragile habitat.
A new study suggests that a child's age at school entry may affect ADHD diagnosis. Children born in August were more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD and/or receive medication compared to those born in September. This finding implies that as children get older, the impact of birth month on ADHD diagnoses decreases.
Emerging evidence on schizophrenia's development, prodromal characteristics, and long-term course provides reasons for optimism. New insights into neurobiology, early treatment, and more highlight key areas of progress toward understanding the complex disorder.
Scientists have identified a new bacterium that can break down polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using just two enzymes. The unique enzymes, ISF6_4831 and ISF6_0224, work together to degrade PET into its simpler building blocks, offering a potential solution to the plastic waste problem.
Heavy rainfall and strong storms affected the southern U.S. on March 9, with over a foot of rain falling in Texas to Arkansas. The GPM satellite measured extreme precipitation rates, including 148 mm in one powerful storm.
Researchers have successfully increased water electrolysis efficiency by applying a copper layer to platinum electrodes. This innovation boosts the reaction's activity and extends electrode lifespan. The breakthrough could lead to large-scale implementation of climate-friendly energy conversion using surplus electricity.
A new study has revealed significant biological differences between male and female breast cancers, shedding light on why male patients often receive delayed diagnoses. Researchers hope this knowledge will enable better treatment choices for Male BC patients, including the use of chemotherapy and targeted agents.
A team of researchers discovered 80 young galaxies in the early universe, with at least 54 being spatially resolved. Computer simulations confirmed that many of these galaxies are actually merging pairs, triggering intense star formation activity. This study sheds light on the formation and evolution of compact galaxies.
A new analysis by American University sociology professor Celine-Marie Pascale finds that US news media coverage following the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster minimized health risks to the general population. Only 6% of coverage focused on health risks, framing them as low or uncertain.
Researchers have uncovered evidence of 12 massive explosive eruptions in the Cassia Hills of southern Idaho, which left behind glassy deposits and a deep volcanic basin. These eruptions were hotter and more frequent than those at Yellowstone, and provide insights into ancient volcanic activity west of the famous park.
Researchers observed electrons sinking into crystal depths via special channels, unlike standard materials. The study's results suggest a better understanding of topological materials could lead to faster electronic devices.
The Data Miners team from INRS took second place in the Integra Gold Rush Challenge, a competition that analyzed six terabytes of vintage data to locate the next prospective gold deposit on the Integra property. The team was composed entirely of students and demonstrated the excellence of the training in economic geology offered at INRS.
Researchers discovered that human brown fat cells show circadian fluctuations in glucose consumption, which may act as a glucose buffer and lessen the stress on the pancreas. Individuals with high brown fat abundance showed less variability in glucose levels over time.
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute researchers develop new class of PRMT5 inhibitors to treat cancer and certain blood disorders, leading to a major licensing agreement with Merck. The deal includes an initial payment of $US15 million and paves the way for further research into new treatments.
Andrea Young's grant will support the development of nano-SQUID-on-tip, a device that measures thermal, magnetic, and topographic properties of materials. This tool enables correlation of physical and magnetic structure on relevant length scales, crucial for nanoscale device performance.
A new study has found a strong link between gum disease and increased rates of cognitive decline in people with early stages of Alzheimer's Disease. Periodontitis at baseline was associated with a six-fold increase in the rate of cognitive decline over a six-month follow-up period.
The FDA has cleared Indego exoskeleton for clinical and personal use, allowing people with paralysis to stand up and walk. The device offers advanced features like adjustable robotic assistance and functional electrical stimulation to aid in rehabilitation.
Researchers identified a critical connection between the cancer-related gene Myc and cell-surface molecules that protect tumors from the immune system. The study found that reducing Myc expression led to lower levels of protective proteins CD47 and PD-L1 on tumor cells, enabling them to evade immune detection.
Research reveals gut microbes produce compound TMAO, which encourages over-reactive platelet function, increasing thrombosis risk. Higher TMAO levels linked to heart attacks and strokes in humans.
Researchers identified a genetic cause of elevated HDL-C levels that paradoxically increases heart disease risk, contradicting the long-held notion that high HDL is protective. The study's findings have implications for understanding the complex relationship between HDL function and heart disease.
Research associates outdoor air pollution with dry eye disease, finding decreased humidity and increased ozone levels increase DED risk. PM10 was not associated with DED, possibly due to reflex tearing or low environmental levels.
Scientists have discovered how three key molecules interact to generate blood stem cells, a crucial step in developing new treatments for leukaemia and other blood disorders. The breakthrough could lead to personalised blood therapies and reduce the need for bone marrow transplants.
Researchers found that radiation treatment killed 95% of breast cancer cells when delivered during a peak in p53 production, but only 20% when applied during an oscillatory phase. The study suggests that timing may be crucial in understanding the effectiveness of anticancer treatments.
A new learning procedure developed by Robert Gütig enables neural networks to filter out irrelevant sensory impressions and link them to events occurring after a delay. This breakthrough has significant implications for technological applications like automatic speech recognition.
Researchers at Nagoya University have discovered a key kinase receptor in pollen tubes that allows them to detect LURE peptides produced by ovules, guiding fertilization. This finding may lead to improved efficiency of pollen tube growth and increased success rate of fertilization.