The EU has awarded a €1.2 million project to the University of Huddersfield, led by Professor Grigoris Antoniou, to tackle the challenge of reasoning in legal informatics. This research will enable companies to ensure compliance with regulations and make informed decisions.
A recent study published in Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior found that nearly half of adolescents consume caffeinated beverages one to six times a week. Researchers believe that further education could lead to better decision-making regarding caffeine intake and mitigate potential health risks.
Researchers at LSU create non-permanent adhesive using urea and urease, exhibiting promising properties for biomedical applications. The adhesive's degradation rate can be adjusted, making it suitable for various biomedical uses.
Researchers at Princeton University discovered how a synthetic protein called SynSerB promotes cell growth in serine-depleted E. coli cells. By inducing overexpression of a protein called HisB, SynSerB enables the production of essential amino acid serine, allowing cells to survive.
Researchers at Indiana University and Virginia Tech develop a method to assess the validity of the principle of detailed balance, widely used in models for environmental projects. The study confirms that the principle applies in systems where rates of forward and reverse processes are balanced.
Researchers from Umea University presented findings on mosquito control and Dengue prevention at the EU-funded DengueTools conference in Sri Lanka. Controlling Aedes aegypti mosquitoes is key to preventing dengue fever, yellow fever, and other diseases.
Researchers found Eastern US forests are changing, with drought-sensitive tree species dominating and fire-resistant ones declining. This shift, known as mesophication, makes forests more vulnerable to future climate change and droughts.
A new study developed a validated clinical prediction score to help health providers and researchers predict the duration of pediatric concussion symptoms. The score, based on nine clinical variables, was proven significantly better than physicians' predictions in predicting persistent post-concussion symptoms.
Researchers found that varnish increases damping throughout the wood surface, leading to a more isotropic sound radiation. The type of varnish used can also affect the sound, with German master violin makers' varnishes producing a louder tone.
The 2016 Protein Society Awards recognized Dr. Gary Pielak, Dr. Rachel Klevit, Dr. H. Eric Xu, and Dr. Andreas Plückthun for their groundbreaking contributions to protein science. The winners received prestigious awards sponsored by Rigaku Corporation, Genentech, The Neurath Foundation, and The Protein Society.
Researchers tracked individual cells in Hydra to reveal the mechanism behind its mouth opening, which involves dramatic elastic deformations of epithelial cells. The findings solve a long-standing puzzle on how Hydra feeds and offer insights into tissue formation and patterning in simple organisms.
A study by Columbia University found that high video game usage is associated with higher intellectual functioning and better overall school competence in children. No significant associations were found with mental health problems or relationship issues.
A Swedish cohort study found that surgeons need to perform at least 15 operations to obtain stable survival results during the first months after oesophagectomy. The learning curve for achieving optimal long-term survival takes 60 operations, highlighting the importance of proper mentorship and training programs.
The OSIRIS-REx spacecraft is being tested in a thermal vacuum chamber to evaluate its performance under extreme conditions. The 22-day test will assess the spacecraft's instruments and systems, ensuring they can withstand the harsh environment of space.
Researchers found that Japanese great tits use specific rules to combine calls and convey compound messages, demonstrating non-human syntax. The study suggests that syntax may be a general adaptation to social complexity in communication systems.
Recent measurements from the LOFAR radio telescope have provided new insights into the properties of cosmic rays, including a surprisingly high number of light particles at high energies. The KIT simulation code CoREAS has enabled precise analysis and interpretation of these signals.
A Rutgers-led study published in Nature Communications found a dynamic ocean process responsible for cooling coastal waters ahead of land-falling hurricanes. This process weakened Hurricane Irene as it neared New Jersey in 2011, improving forecasts and reducing losses linked to inaccuracies.
Researchers developed a nanoparticle technology called Salipro to stabilize membrane proteins in a lipid environment, allowing for high-resolution studies of their structure and function. This enables the discovery of new drugs, therapeutic antibodies, and vaccines targeting these proteins.
Researchers uncovered a group of retroviruses called ERV-Fc that affected 28 out of 50 modern mammal ancestors, spreading across every continent except Antarctica and Australia. The study also reveals patterns of evolutionary change and gene exchange between these viruses and other pathogens.
Researchers found neurons in a color-recognizing region of the brain that can infer gravity direction from visual cues. These cells provide critical information for object physics, balance, and posture., The study suggests these cells help humans orient themselves and predict object behavior.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 37 intervention trials found no consistent evidence that partially or extensively hydrolysed milk formula prevents allergic or autoimmune diseases in infants. Current guidelines recommending these formulas may be misguided, experts say.
A study of 413 patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis found that vitamin D supplementation did not slow cartilage loss or reduce knee pain over 2 years. Vitamin D levels increased, but no significant benefits were seen.
Researchers discovered Japanese great tits have developed syntactic rules, combining calls like 'ABC' and 'D' to convey specific meanings. These birds use these rules to deter predators and attract partners, demonstrating a complex form of communication.
The NAI Conference featured presentations on the importance of invention in academic institutions and its impact on everyday life. The Special Section includes articles on the discovery of Lyrica and the commercialization process, while a new T&I feature profiles Nobel Laureate Steven Chu.
Researchers found that a person's preconceived ideas, shaped by socialization and politics, influence their views on climate protection. Economic justifications and personal aspects like health do not sway skeptics, highlighting the need for comprehensive communication strategies.
A new study estimates that 1.9 billion people, or 28% of the world's total population, live closer than 100 km from the coast in areas less than 100 meters above the present sea level. By 2050, this number is predicted to increase to 2.4 billion, with 500 million people living lower than 5 meters above current sea level.
A Cornell University-led initiative, GREAT, aims to create more inclusive agricultural systems by addressing priorities of both women and men researchers. The project will train over 200 researchers across sub-Saharan Africa on gender-responsive research.
The NREC has been selected for four major federal research projects totaling over $11 million, focusing on topics such as automated stress testing and transformative wheel technology. The center anticipates hiring additional staff to augment its existing team of around 100 researchers.
A study published in Biophysical Journal illustrates the biomechanics of Hydra's mouth opening process, revealing that cells stretch and deform to accommodate the widening of its mouth. The researchers found that radially oriented fibers contract to stretch the cells apart, similar to muscle contraction.
A clinical risk score developed among children presenting to an emergency department with a concussion was significantly better than physician judgment in predicting future persistent postconcussion symptoms. The study found that approximately 33% of children experience ongoing symptoms, which can have serious adverse effects.
Researchers at Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience used electrophysiological and optical approaches to visualize and manipulate neuronal activity in individual neurons of the somatosensory cortex. They found that the formation of functional microcircuits was determined by specific settings and the number of neurons stimulated...
A review of 130 studies across 10 countries found that firearm-related laws led to declines in firearm homicide and suicide rates. Laws regulating background checks and storage also showed specific reductions in certain types of gun deaths.
A new study found that a substantial proportion of women globally do not stay in health facilities long enough after giving birth, resulting in inadequate postnatal care. The average length of stay varies greatly across countries, with some women staying as little as 0.5 days or as long as 6.2 days.
A study by Pamela Norum found that millennials are more likely to donate clothing rather than throwing it away, with 65% donating at least some clothing to charity. Older adults were less likely to recycle textiles, instead sending clothes to landfills.
The naltrexone-bupropion treatment combination reduced weight in phase 3 clinical trials but lacked demonstration of cardiovascular benefits. A trial with 8,910 patients was terminated early due to premature release of interim data, casting doubt on the treatment's safety profile.
Researchers have identified a genetic mutation associated with a high risk of breast cancer in the Chinese ethnic population. The RECQL mutation was found to be present in 0.54% of Southern Chinese women, suggesting it may be an important factor in genetic screening for women with a family history of breast cancer.
A new Pacific-Rim Trade Agreement may limit access to medicines for patients with diabetes. Research suggests that Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) blockers can have similar effects on cardiovascular and renal outcomes as other treatments.
A study by University of Iowa researchers found that children with higher body mass indices were more impatient, impulsive, and prone to collisions while crossing the street. They were also less likely to select the safest route, a risk factor for pedestrian injuries.
A University of Florida study found that less than one-quarter of patients with prediabetes received treatment from their primary care physician. Prediabetes is a common condition that increases the risk of vascular problems and diabetes, yet many people remain undiagnosed or untreated.
Researchers find that companies with women on their boards are valued more highly by stock markets, but only because the best women have worked harder to get there. The study suggests that firms should apply equal standards for both men and women to select board members.
Researchers discovered that changes in gut bacteria are strongly associated with PCOS-related obesity and signs of diabetes. Modifying the gut microbiome may be a potential treatment option for women with PCOS.
Ioannis Schizas is creating a sensing environment that uses simple devices to process data previously requiring a supercomputer. The network can be applied to surveillance, defense, healthcare, and environmental monitoring applications.
Researchers found that participants who assembled their own robots experienced a higher sense of accomplishment and ownership. However, those who faced difficulties during assembly lowered their ratings. The study suggests that manufacturers should balance positive and negative aspects of self-assembly when designing robots.
Lomonosov Moscow State University scientists discovered that skin cancer basal cell carcinoma contains gene mutations linked to other cancer types, including melanoma. The study found that 85% of BCC cases contain Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway gene mutations, which resist anticancer therapy.
A young patient infected with Zika virus presented with motor deficiency, intense pain, and urinary retention. Researchers detected high concentrations of the virus in cerebrospinal fluid and treated the patient with methylprednisolone, leading to improved neurological conditions.
New research reveals that ichthyosaurs, highly diverse during their reign, were negatively affected by global changes leading to their extinction. A two-phase event suppressed ecological diversity and wiped out the group at the beginning of the Late Cretaceous period.
Researchers identified key proteins connecting genetic material to cell structures, enabling accurate DNA distribution during cell division. The findings resolve a longstanding puzzle in cell division and may provide insight into cancer susceptibility.
In a climate game experiment, researchers found that 40% of participants chose representatives with extortionate strategies. However, these strategies ultimately led to successful outcomes due to the benefit for all parties involved. The results suggest that such strategies could be beneficial in avoiding dangerous climate change.
A University College London study suggests that lupus patients' B cells are getting signaled to become pro-inflammatory cells instead of regulating inflammation. This imbalance is linked to the lack of regulatory B cells and an overproduction of IFN-?, causing antibody-producing B cells to increase.
A recent study by MGHfC found that positive attitudes tend to dominate within modern-day families who have members with Down syndrome. In fact, 87% of families reported feeling love for their family member and being proud of them, despite some small minorities reporting negative attitudes.
Researchers have demonstrated a unique optical trapping system that can efficiently couple high-power laser light into hollow-core fibers. The system uses a self-aligning method to trap tiny tapered glass fiber inside the hollow core, with potential applications in laser cutting and basic physics research.
A UBC study reveals people on welfare are seen as less moral if they choose expensive ethical products, while wealthy shoppers are viewed as more virtuous. The researchers found a double standard in judging morality based on spending habits.
A study by the BMJ found that shorter height and higher BMI are associated with lower levels of education, job status, and income, particularly among men and women. The research suggests that taller stature is linked to higher social position, while being overweight or short can lead to socioeconomic disadvantages.
The APLU task force suggests that universities consider the value of technology transfer activities in tenure and promotion decisions, with a focus on merit-based recognition rather than requirement. The task force recommends flexibility in evaluating technology transfer work, weighing impact, quality, and societal benefit.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed new augmented creativity apps that combine virtual elements with real-life environments, enhancing children's creativity and social skills. The interactive colouring book and collaborative games in 3D showcase the potential of augmented reality to transform public spaces into engaging experiences.
A socially active lifestyle is associated with higher late-life satisfaction and less severe declines in well-being. Valuing social goals boosts feelings of competence and belonging.
Scientists discovered the chemical circuits and mechanisms in the brain that separate food consumption from cravings. The study found that dopamine is involved in the approach or craving phase, while orexin-A is linked to consumption. These findings could lead to more specific and effective treatments for overeating and drug addiction
A study published in the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada found that less invasive hysterectomies resulted in quicker recoveries, fewer complications, and cost savings for The Ottawa Hospital. The research showed a significant increase in minimally invasive surgeries from 40% to 74% between 2005 and 2012.
Researchers at Mount Sinai identified precursor cells in mice embryos that can be matured into hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) using reprogramming technology. This breakthrough could lead to the development of patient-specific HSPCs for cell-replacement therapy and alleviate the need for transplantable stem cells.
Researchers at the University of Oklahoma have identified a gene target called GCNT3 that may offer promise in improving the treatment of pancreatic cancer. By targeting this gene, they theorized that multiple mucins could be shut down simultaneously, breaking down cancer's protective barrier.
A team of scientists has created a composite material that can selectively separate oxygen from other gases, potentially revolutionizing energy applications such as fuel cells. The new material, made by combining a MOF with a helper molecule, shows promise for being inexpensive, reusable, and easy to prepare.
A new study reveals that kids expect parents to follow strict household technology rules, including no texting while driving and no oversharing on social media. The researchers found that families who developed collective rules and lived by them were more successful in enforcing these rules.
Research from University at Buffalo finds that antidepressant use increases the odds of dental implant failure by four times. The study highlights the importance of weighing benefits against side effects for patients using these medications.
A new large fish species, Myloplus zorroi, has been discovered in the Amazonia region of Brazil. The fish is characterized by its distinctive teeth, specialized to crush seeds, and a reddish silver color with darker markings. It grows up to 47.5 cm in length and dwells in moderately to rapidly flowing clear rivers.
A University of Kansas researcher is questioning traditional methods for defining species by studying the genetic basis for species differences in lizards. He found that variation in dewlap colors and patterns, previously used to separate subspecies, were not a reliable sign of underlying genetic differences.
Researchers at University of Oregon discovered a connection between brain activity in nematode worms and human sleep disorders, finding similar fragmentation patterns. This study provides a framework to understand genetic and physiological underpinnings of neural circuitry involved in sleep.
Recent study finds that brain activity related to automatic emotional responses is greater for helping scenes, while slower processing is more involved when viewing harming scenes. Moral behavior in children appears to depend on controlled reflection rather than immediate emotions.
Researchers found that asparagus rhizome traits, specifically water content and metabolite levels, are key indicators of freezing tolerance. The study tested three cultivars, with Guelph Millennium proving to be the most tolerant, suggesting that adapting to colder climates may depend on optimizing rhizome characteristics.
The NIST Internet Time Service serves much of the world, receiving 316 million unique IP address requests from 20 servers in one month. This represents at least 8.5 percent of devices on the entire internet, highlighting its importance as a reliable source of time.
A recent study published in Race and Social Problems found that black young adults have significantly more student loan debt than their white counterparts, due to disparities in parental wealth, family background, and college choices. The study suggests that the racial gap in student loan debt may be exacerbated by limited access to fi...
A new study found that treatment using Gamma Knife radiosurgery is often safer than leaving untreated AVMs, particularly for patients with a high life expectancy. The research suggests that younger patients are more likely to benefit from treatment, with a 10-year life expectancy of 50 years or more.
Researchers have developed a computer program that predicts pharmaceutical side effects, outperforming earlier software in accuracy. The system assesses drug molecules and identifies potential side effects using an ensemble approach, demonstrating its effectiveness in flagging adverse reactions.
A new study led by University at Buffalo orthodontic researcher Thikriat Al-Jewair found that large tonsils and tongue indentations are common risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea. The research also showed that obese patients were almost 10 times more likely to report OSA symptoms than non-obese patients.
New research highlights uncertainty in global biodiversity data due to species sighting recording methods. Recording absences is crucial for effective conservation prioritization, as lack of data doesn't necessarily mean a species is absent.
Researchers at CU Anschutz Medical Campus are conducting a study to detect prenatal marijuana use and its association with adverse outcomes, such as fetal growth restriction and hypertension. The study aims to develop a survey tool for new mothers to provide accurate information on marijuana use during pregnancy.
A large-scale study reveals that premature babies with necrotizing enterocolitis have a distinct mix of gut microbes compared to healthy infants. The researchers identified Gram-negative bacteria and anaerobic bacteria as potential contributors to the disease, and found that breast milk may offer some protection.
Researchers found that Common Bluebottles have 15 photoreceptor classes, one for each wavelength of light, allowing them to distinguish millions of colors. This discovery reveals a unique system in butterfly vision, where four classes are used for routine color vision and eleven others detect specific stimuli.
A third of young kids with unresolved sleep problems impact their school success. Children who regulate their own sleep by five years adjust to school more easily than those who don't.
Researchers found that replacing coal-fired power plants with natural gas can reduce net greenhouse gas emissions by more than 50 percent. Replacing old oil-burning furnaces for residential heating also yields emissions savings of up to 48 percent.
Marina Suarez aims to understand how the Earth functions with high levels of carbon dioxide and how it recovers from extreme conditions. Her research in paleoclimatology will inform current studies on climate change, a pressing global concern.
Scientists have developed a genetically modified lime that produces anthocyanins, resulting in unique leaf pigmentation, flower coloration, and fruit pulp colors. The discovery opens up opportunities for new citrus fruits, ornamental plants, and potentially health-beneficial fresh produce.
The African Postharvest Losses information System (APHLIS) will be upgraded to monitor other crops, improving postharvest management. The new system will provide data on crop quality, income, and nutrition, enabling strategic targeting of investment in loss mitigation and R&D programmes.
Researchers discovered a microbial biomarker that distinguishes premature infants at risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) from those who don't. Infants with NEC had higher Gammaproteobacteria and lower anaerobic bacteria in their guts compared to controls.
Researchers will focus on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB to develop novel interventions for obesity. The study aims to understand the mechanisms governing energy balance in the body.
A study of Android diabetes apps found that 81% lacked privacy policies and 76% shared sensitive health information without consent. The apps' transmission of data to third parties poses significant privacy risks, as there are no federal legal protections against the sale or disclosure of medical app data.
A study of 5,644 women found that diabetes treatment decreases mammographic density, while insulin use increases it. The researchers also urge women with and without diabetes to adopt simple lifestyle changes to reduce breast cancer risk.
A new study published in The BMJ reviewed data from 37 trials on infant hydrolysed milk formula and found no statistically significant reduction in the risk of conditions such as eczema, wheezing, or food allergies. The research also revealed conflicts of interest in many studies due to financial links with baby formula manufacturers.
Research found that traveling in groups of four or more people carried a higher relative avalanche risk than for individuals or groups of two. Additionally, solo backcountry exploration offered protection from avalanche risk, but at the cost of other hazards like injuries and fatigue.
A Dartmouth-led study found that low levels of arsenic in pregnant women's drinking water and food may be related to decreased head circumference at birth. The study also linked arsenic exposure to lower birth weight and birth length, with associations varying by mother's pre-pregnancy BMI and infant sex.
A Loyola Medicine study found that women are 1.38 times more likely to report neck pain than men. The research adds to the growing body of evidence on sex differences in pain experience.
A study published in The BMJ found that shorter height in men and higher body mass index (BMI) in women are associated with lower socioeconomic status, including reduced income. The research used genetic data from 120,000 participants to analyze the link between height, weight, and socioeconomic factors.
The mission aims to observe the emission of soft X-rays from solar particles colliding with Earth's upper atmosphere and neutral gases in interplanetary space. The data will help scientists understand charge exchange processes, atmospheric loss on Mars, and radiation effects on near-Earth space.
Ultrawide field (UWF) scanning technology improved the ability to identify diabetic retinopathy in patients and judge the need for follow-up examinations or treatment. The study found that UWF imaging reduced ungradable images by 81% compared to traditional digital retinal photographs.
A new study reveals that the earliest tetrapods developed fins with surprisingly similar levels of diversity, challenging long-held assumptions about evolution. The research found that fish and early tetrapods exhibited comparable variations in fin anatomy, despite differences in skeletal structures.
A global study reveals 2.3 million people co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C, with a significant burden in Eastern Europe and central Asia. The study highlights the need for improved integrated HIV/HCV services and increased screening and treatment to reduce morbidity and new infections.
Researchers developed Eyebrowse, a system allowing users to share self-selected aspects of their online activity with friends and the public. Users can add whitelisted sites, track friend visits, and view community browsing history, providing insights for academics and companies targeting consumers.
Researchers at Lund University discovered a link between nicotine and type 2 diabetes, finding that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors influence insulin release. A genetic alteration affecting these receptors increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Physics students at Umeå University are developing an instrument to measure the electric field of the lunar surface, a first for the Moon. The project aims to provide more knowledge about the electric field, crucial for future missions to the Moon and other celestial bodies.
A study by Chenping Xu and Beiquan Mou found that spinach can be improved in nutritional value through cultural practices that impose either low fertilizer levels or slight salt stress. This approach resulted in only moderately or slightly reduced yield, while also increasing antioxidant capacity.
A new study reveals that human-induced climate change has triggered the last 16 record-breaking hot years globally, with an impact dating back to 1937. The researchers found that industrial aerosols masked this effect in many areas until recently.
Researchers have identified a new target for treating asthma, finding that nociceptin reduces both immune response and airway constriction. This discovery offers a potential new approach to preventing or reducing established asthma attacks.
Researchers at Kyushu University have developed a new method for creating uniform, highly active gold nanoparticle catalysts for fuel cells. The novel approach involves wrapping a graphene support in a specially prepared polymer, resulting in the lowest overpotential ever reported for this type of reaction.
A video game-based cognitive rehabilitation program improved thalamic functional connectivity and boosted cognitive abilities in multiple sclerosis patients. The study found that increased connectivity reflected the brain's plasticity and promoted cognitive rehabilitation for people with neurological diseases.
A large-scale study found no link between physical activity and breast density, contradicting previous findings. Women with high breast density are still at a higher risk of developing breast cancer, but lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet can lower their risk.
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego have developed a potential new therapy for critical limb ischemia, a condition that causes extremely poor circulation in the limbs. The therapy, an injectable gel derived from skeletal muscle tissue, promotes muscle remodeling and improves blood flow in a rat model.
Researchers have found that the flux of organic matter to the seafloor was reduced for a shorter time than previously thought, with evidence suggesting that some food must have reached the seabed despite mass extinctions. The study used foraminiferal isotopes from a deep-sea core in the South Atlantic to investigate this paradox.
Satish Nadig, a promising young researcher, has received the National Institutes of Health's Mentored Clinical Scientist Research Career Development Award. The $580,000 grant will support his three-year study on targeted drug delivery for organ transplantation, aiming to minimize harmful effects of immunosuppressant therapy.
A study of fossilized molars reveals that many ancient primates went extinct due to reasons unrelated to food competition with rodents. Most stem primates ate different types of food than the rodents, casting doubt on the theory that rodent competition was the main reason for their decline.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine have demonstrated that HIV infects and replicates in macrophages, a discovery with significant implications for HIV cure research. The study found that macrophages can sustain HIV replication in the absence of T cells and can establish infection in new hosts.
A new study finds that individuals in their 60s who give advice to a wide range of people tend to see their lives as highly meaningful. In contrast, those who dispense advice to fewer types of people are less likely to report high life meaning.
A national study examining how men feel about their bodies found that between 20-40% of men reported feeling dissatisfied with their physical appearance. Gay men were more likely to report feelings of pressure from the media, social pressures, and discomfort in public, highlighting common issues across both heterosexual and gay men.
A new study published in the American Journal of Pathology suggests that green tea's antioxidant properties may be compromised when consumed with iron-rich foods or supplements. The researchers found that the main compound in green tea, EGCG, loses its ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory enzymes when bound to iron.
Nearly all states have taken a more-active role in immigration policy, but many lack comprehensive evaluation of costs and benefits. A new report from RAND Corporation suggests that state policymakers need better tools to assess the full impact of their policies.
Researchers at Michigan State University have found particles of stardust, known as pre-solar grains, in meteoritic material on Earth. These grains are believed to have formed in stellar explosions billions of years ago and contain unusually high amounts of the rare isotope silicon-30.
The WSU-IMSD program aims to facilitate the entry, persistence, and success of underrepresented minority students into science majors, guiding them to pursue careers in academics and scientific research. The program has shown significant impact, with IMSD student graduation rates at 87% and 64% pursuing further degrees.