For the first time, fetal medicine experts have performed prenatal heart surgery to remove a life-threatening tumor, called intrapericardial teratoma. The patient is now a healthy preschooler after undergoing the operation at 24 weeks of gestation.
Researchers at NICT have developed a flexible optical design method for superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, enabling high detection efficiency over a precise spectral range while rejecting other wavelengths. This technique has potential applications in quantum cryptography, fluorescence spectroscopy, and remote sensing.
Researchers identified genetic changes in DUX4 and ERG transcription factors that underpin a subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in children. The study found a unique mechanism involving the interplay between these two transcription factors, leading to deregulated expression of ERG and development of leukemia.
A new cancer treatment combines four therapies to activate both branches of the immune system, leading to complete disappearance of large tumors in mice. The approach allows the immune system to remember the target and destroy new cancer cells that appear after treatment.
A new study finds that bird-like dinosaurs were social animals, living and dying together in groups. The discovery of a rare bonebed in Mongolia highlights the increasing trend of gregariousness in dinosaurs and emphasizes the need to protect against fossil poaching.
Researchers at MIT used cellphone data and crowd-sourced images to identify visual features that contribute to perceptions of safety in urban environments. The study found that buildings with street-facing windows, green spaces, and well-maintained areas increase people's sense of safety, while poorly maintained areas decrease it.
Younger pregnant women are at increased risk of stroke compared to their nonpregnant counterparts, with the youngest group seeing more than doubling of stroke risk. The study found that PAS accounted for 15% of strokes in younger women, and death was lower among those with PAS.
Researchers propose using insect repellents along with insecticides to drive mosquito evolution that yields greater aversion to repellents, potentially slowing malaria development. This strategy could extend the lifetime of current insecticides and reduce resistance by favoring repelled mosquitoes over those developing resistance.
Researchers found that voters perceive enhanced security measures as more secure than systems with fake security elements. Participants also reported increased confidence in the voting system when it included robust security features.
Researchers created a novel nematode strain that produces amyloid beta protein fragments, displaying neuromuscular defects and age-dependent behavioral dysfunction. The findings suggest mitochondrial bioenergetic deficit as an early event in Alzheimer's disease.
Research at University College London reveals that small lies desensitize our brains to associated negative emotions and may encourage us to tell larger lies. The study found that the brain's response to lying declines with each lie, predicting bigger lies in the future.
Researchers have determined that combining CX-4945 and JQ1 can efficiently kill T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells while sparing normal blood cells. The findings provide new hope for the treatment of refractory/relapsed T-cell leukemia, a form of cancer with a high mortality rate.
PFASs found in hooded seal mothers' plasma and milk, with concentrations higher than those in other species. This exposure can lead to reduced birth weight and developmental effects, threatening the survival of young seals.
The study finds that women are closing the gap with men in terms of alcohol consumption and related health issues. The trend is most noticeable among young adults, with women's drinking habits approaching parity with those of men, particularly among those born between 1991 and 2000.
A recent UT Southwestern Medical Center study found that microRNA-515-5p affects placental development in ways that could contribute to preeclampsia. The research suggests miRNA-515-5p might be used to identify women at risk for the condition and potentially lead to a new treatment target.
Researchers at Toyohashi University of Technology have successfully synthesized a new thermoelectric material, CaMgSi, with sufficient size and thermoelectric properties comparable to those of previously developed materials. The material exhibits both n- and p-type conductivity, making it suitable for power-generation modules.
Researchers discover that certain bacteria can fix nitrogen, a limiting nutrient in the ocean. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient marine ecosystems and potentially even 'fertilize' the surrounding habitat.
Researchers at Oregon State University found that a specific detoxification compound, glutathione, helps resist toxic stresses. Pretreatment with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) increases glutathione levels in older cells, helping to prevent cell death.
Researchers found that detecting poorly differentiated basal tumor cells in early-stage cancers and overexpressing cell division cycle 25C can predict an increased risk of death. A test for this protein could help determine whether a patient is likely to benefit from drug treatment.
A study found that tumor genome testing helped physicians identify patients who could benefit from chemotherapy, while those for whom it could be safely omitted received personalized recommendations. The test eliminated racial/ethnic disparities in testing or treatment, but many women inaccurately recalled their results.
A study published in Journal of Anatomy found a connection between certain bat species and humans with cleft lip and palate. Researchers used anatomical dissection, micro CT scans, and genomic analysis to identify the genetic causes of clefts.
The article argues that Canada's public health care system has deteriorated, with private clinics filling gaps. CMAJ calls for government action to improve the system, including cutting wait lists, focusing on innovation, and ensuring universal access.
Researchers have adapted a facial analysis software to quantify how often patients' eyes closed when instructed to keep them open, finding a correlation with clinician ratings. The new program has the potential to help study facial tics and twitches in other contexts, including Tourette Syndrome, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease.
A study found that nearly one-fourth of ulcerative colitis patients with iron deficiency anemia were untreated, despite being diagnosed. Testing rates varied by region, with lower rates for the Midwest and South.
Research shows that policies targeting the homeless, such as banning lying down in public, have significant support from the public. However, the same people also want government to spend a lot on helping the homeless, indicating a disconnect between attitudes and policy goals. Disgust plays a key role in this disconnect, with many peo...
A new study finds that nitrous oxide provides limited pain relief during labor and does not prevent women from requesting epidurals. Despite its increasing availability in the US, epidural anesthesia remains the most effective method for managing labor pain.
Researchers from DOE's Brookhaven National Laboratory tracked particles in the Amazon rainforest, studying how natural particles form clouds. In the absence of industrial emissions, particles are carried down by rainfall and condense into nuclei for cloud formation.
Researchers found that managing wildfires instead of suppressing them improves forest diversity, water storage, and drought resistance. This approach increases stream flow and downstream water availability, benefiting both the environment and agriculture.
Researchers discovered that cytomegalovirus (CMV) hijacks the molecular machinery in human cells to survive and replicate, relying on the human protein CPEB1. Suppressing CPEB1 levels during CMV infection reverses harmful cellular changes and reduces viral production tenfold.
A recent study found that patients who continued with their prescribed medical therapy after stent or bypass surgery had significantly better outcomes than non-adherent patients. Adherence to antiplatelets and statins was a more powerful predictor of adverse event-free survival than the type of revascularization procedure.
A study by the Indiana University Center for Aging Research and Regenstrief Institute found that employing nurse practitioners significantly improves transfer process resulting in fewer errors and safer care. The OPTIMISTIC program led to a 21% decrease in hospitalizations.
A new telemedicine program offers specialized speech therapy for people with dementia-related language problems, significantly improving their ability to recall words they had lost. The Communication Bridge program uses a secure video-chat platform and home assignments like virtual flashcards to support language memory.
Research suggests that inhibiting autophagy can improve chemotherapy's immune-targeting effects without compromising overall immune system function. In mouse models, autophagy inhibitors did not disrupt the immune response to tumors during chemotherapy.
A new type of gel has been developed that periodically swells and shrinks to model the waves of muscular contraction and relaxation involved in crawling. The gel responds to light, producing two types of crawling motion, similar to those used by land snails, earthworms, and limpets.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes identify a gene mutation that enhances the efficiency of stem cell reprogramming, improving the number of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from skin cells. This breakthrough could have significant implications for regenerative medicine and drug discovery.
Research found man-made noise can disrupt animal responses to predator faeces, affecting information gathering and vigilance. This study highlights the negative impact of noise pollution on animal survival in mammals.
Researchers found that choline deficiency during pregnancy alters choline metabolite profiles, fatty acid compositions, and amino acid levels in sow milk. This study provides new insights into the importance of choline for human development and highlights the need for mandatory fortification programs to address this nutrient deficiency.
A genetic mutation in whale eyes impairs their ability to see in bright light, making them more susceptible to fatal entanglements in fishing gear. This study may also provide insight into how vision works in other mammals, including humans.
A study found that patients with public health insurance were more likely to experience high pain levels in the post anesthesia care unit, regardless of their overall health, age, gender, or neighborhood income. This disparity highlights the importance of considering insurance type as a factor in patient care.
Researchers found that the key viral protein used in candidate HCV vaccines is surprisingly flexible, elicit a wide variety of antibodies that cannot block viral infection. This flexibility may be why current vaccines have been ineffective in preventing HCV infection.
A new study suggests that 'Middle England', a group of affluent, older white British people living in rural areas, face the lowest risk of developing psychosis. The research found that people from more urban and deprived communities are at a higher risk of experiencing their first episode of psychosis.
A study comparing two hospitalist groups found no significant differences in key clinical outcomes, including patient mortality and hospital readmissions. The results suggest that hospitals can safely reduce costs by using well-trained physician assistants (PAs) in a formal PA-physician collaboration arrangement.
Researchers at the CNIC have defined the molecular organization underlying energy production in living cells. The discovery sheds light on the regulation of metabolism and reveals a new understanding of the mitochondrial electron transport chain's structure and function.
A team of researchers has created a microfluidic device that allows for the growth of human pluripotent stem cells in optimal, three-dimensional conditions. This technology enables fine-tuning of the culture environment and creates an ideal artificial microenvironment for hPSC analysis.
A new study by UTSA researcher Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo describes a method to detect people using multiple online accounts to spread propaganda. The algorithm analyzes writing samples and detects whether one person or multiple people are responsible for the posts.
A new study characterizes pediatric injuries onboard commercial airline flights, finding that lap infants are at greater risk for injury due to scalding burns from hot beverages or soups. Falls from the seat also contribute to in-flight injuries among this age group.
A recent study published in JAMA Internal Medicine estimates that nearly 40% of cancer deaths in men are linked to smoking, with the South experiencing the highest rates. The research suggests that weaker tobacco control policies and lower socioeconomic status contribute to these disparities.
Researchers developed an integrated computational architecture to detect emotional states and provide pedagogic interventions with robot tutors, aiming to improve learning outcomes. The platform was tested on two primary school volunteers, showing that children preferred the robot tutor but still required human guidance.
A team of researchers from Ocean University of China used logical stochastic resonance to improve the quality of underwater images, enabling better object detection. The approach overcomes challenges in processing degraded images through conventional methods.
Film and television often provide misleading information on brain death, which can lead to inaccurate public understanding. Neurologists recommend improved productions that balance entertainment with accurate information about organ donation.
A recent study published in JAMA Neurology found that pregnancy significantly increased the risk of stroke in women under 35, but not in those over 45. The researchers analyzed data from over 19,000 women hospitalized for stroke between 2003 and 2012.
A national survey found that awareness of Laudato Si' did not increase concern over climate change, but rather polarized views among Catholics and non-Catholics. Liberals who knew about the encyclical were more concerned about climate change than those who didn't.
A WSU-led research team found that a commonly used rabies vaccine produces the same protective antibodies in dogs after being stored for six months at warmer temperatures. This could lead to improved vaccination coverage in hard-to-reach areas of Africa and Asia, reducing the likelihood of rabies returning to communities.
Begonia species have evolved a nanoscale light-trapping structure to harvest energy in low-light environments. The iridoplasts, found only in dark conditions, reflect blue light and absorb green light to maximize photosynthesis.
A new study found that vitamin A-biofortified orange maize significantly improves visual functions in children, particularly in night vision. The study used a portable device to measure pupil response and showed improved adaptability to low-light conditions within six months.
Children with postconcussion symptoms experience lower overall, physical, emotional, social, and school quality of life for at least 12 weeks. Persistent postconcussive problems affect up to 30% of children after a head injury.
Yale researchers argue that most climate change ecology research focuses on single variables and trophic levels, leading to incomplete and inaccurate predictions. A more complex, integrative approach is needed to explore interactions between food web components and accurately predict ecosystem responses to climate change.
This study compares the rheological properties, oil-water interfacial tensions, and emulsion stability of Xinjiang crude oil and two common model oils. The results show that white mineral oil and crude oil are pseudo plastic fluids, while silicon oil is a Newtonian fluid.
Researchers have designed small compounds to correct mitochondrial dysfunction in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, potentially slowing its progression. The compounds, GoFuse and TetherX, work by targeting the mitofusin 2 protein, which is essential for healthy mitochondria and tissues.
Researchers found that medication adherence significantly impacts long-term survival rates for heart patients undergoing bypass surgery and stenting. Patients who adhered to prescribed medication therapy had a higher event-free survival rate compared to non-compliant patients.