A new study published in Nature Communications outlines the mechanisms of converting permafrost carbon to CO2, highlighting the importance of sunlight and the right microbial community. The research found that sunlight enhances decay by some microbial communities, making frozen carbon more accessible to others.
Researchers used computer modeling to understand how E. coli bacteria can unlink tangled DNA by a local reconnection process. The study found that undoing one link at a time is the preferred route to separate the circles of DNA, with implications for other complex systems in nature.
A study found that women tend to gossip more about their rivals' physical appearance and enjoy it more than men. Men, on the other hand, often gossip about others' achievements, demonstrating sex differences in gossiping behavior.
A 75-year analysis of aerial photos reveals Greenlandic deltas are growing due to warmer temperatures. The study alters previous understanding of Arctic coast climate change effects.
A blood test for human papillomavirus (HPV) may help forecast treatment response in throat cancer patients, according to preliminary findings. Patients with low or undetectable HPV16 levels in the blood had higher risk of persistent or recurrent disease.
Weeds like common waterhemp and Palmer amaranth can reduce corn and soybean yields by up to 80%, while resistant weeds are developing resistance to available herbicides. To combat this, researchers suggest diversifying weed management practices with crop rotation, weed suppressive cultivars, and other tactics.
A new study in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that older adults are more likely to disclose suicidal thoughts as they age, especially those with chronic pain, diagnosed illness, social isolation, and recent mental health care. Researchers identified four key interventions to prevent suicide among older adults.
A new study found that childhood bullying exposure contributes to multiple mental health issues, particularly anxiety and depression. The study suggests that the effects of bullying on mental health dissipate over time, highlighting potential resilience in children who were bullied.
A study published by the American Academy of Neurology found that high blood pressure in women's 40s is associated with a 65% increased risk of dementia. Women who developed high blood pressure in their 40s were 73% more likely to develop dementia than those with stable blood pressure throughout their 30s and 40s.
A collaborative study has found that a combination of three monoclonal antibodies prevents Zika virus infection in primates. The treatment completely blocked the virus from taking hold in the animals, indicating a promising intervention to protect uninfected pregnant women and their fetuses.
James R. Ledwell's pioneering work on oceanic mixing and air-sea gas exchange earned him a spot among the Oceanography Society's esteemed Fellows. His groundbreaking techniques, including the deliberate tracer release experiment (TRE), have significantly advanced our understanding of ocean circulation.
Researchers report that a gene therapy to treat cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy has effectively stabilized the disease's progression in 88 percent of patients. Fifteen out of 17 patients had stable neurologic functioning more than two years after receiving the treatment.
A study of low-income children in New York City found that prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) combined with material hardship significantly increases ADHD symptoms. The researchers assessed levels of PAH exposure and material hardship in maternal blood and child behavior, finding a strong correlation between th...
A new study develops a super-elastic surgical sealant that effectively seals wounds in organs with moving tissues. The MeTro gel, based on elastin, can be photochemically tuned to bond well to tissue surfaces and seamlessly close incisions without running away.
Researchers discovered that chromatin fragments outside the nucleus activate a DNA-sensing pathway, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. The study aims to develop small molecules targeting this inflammatory pathway to treat age-related diseases.
A newly engineered material, MeTro sealant, has been developed to seal lung tissue without sutures, showing complete sealing and evidence of promoting wound healing in laboratory tests. The sealant is derived from human protein and has improved biocompatibility compared to existing synthetic sealants.
A study published in PLOS ONE found an ornamented bâton percé with antler from a reindeer species, suggesting long-distance exchange between Mesolithic communities. The artifact was likely transported from North Karelia to Central Poland, providing new insight into the flow of goods and ideas in Early Holocene hunter-gatherer groups.
A new study found that delays in melanoma surgery are common among Medicaid and privately insured patients, highlighting the need for better access to specialty care. The likelihood of surgical delay decreased when dermatologists performed operations or made diagnoses.
A study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society found that older adults with multiple sensory losses had worse mobility, difficulty performing daily activities, and increased risk for dying. The researchers concluded that these individuals should be closely monitored to prevent problems.
Researchers demonstrate an engineering approach to combine four drugs and control parasitic worms, a major breakthrough in treating nematode infections. The technique, developed by Chih-Ming Ho, uses a feedback system to quickly identify potent drug combinations that are effective on a small-animal model organism.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center found that mice on a fatty diet who consumed high levels of fructose suffered worse metabolic effects compared to those given similar calories of glucose. The study highlighted the increased production of an enzyme called Khk, which is specifically important in fructose metabolism.
Researchers compare sanitation systems in Brazil and USA, finding presence of contaminants in drinking water, including industrial compounds, pesticides, and endocrine disrupters. The study suggests that complementary treatments are needed to obtain clean water that can be safely consumed.
A recent study by UCLA researchers found that low-cost, high-volume services account for a large portion of unnecessary healthcare spending in the US. The study analyzed data from Virginia's healthcare system and found that these services cost the state over $586 million in 2014.
Developed by the University of Sydney and Northeastern University, MeTro combines elastic protein technologies with light-sensitive molecules to seal wounds quickly and effectively. The glue sets in 60 seconds and has a built-in degrading enzyme to determine its longevity.
Researchers at the University of Queensland have discovered modified peptides that can enhance plant growth and development. The study, published in Cell Chemical Biology, found that these peptides can regulate root development and increase productivity, leading to improved agricultural sustainability and food security.
A new study by University of Illinois expert Ravi Mehta found that monetary rewards enhance creative performance, while social-recognition rewards have a negative impact. This research has practical applications for companies looking to boost creativity in their employees and for individuals seeking motivation to think outside the box.
Montana State researchers are studying the role of the human gut microbiome in detoxifying arsenic after ingestion. They aim to understand how microorganisms metabolize arsenic and potentially lower cancer risk through this process.
Researchers found that climate in northeast Africa shifted from wet to very dry around 70,000 years ago, coinciding with human migration out of Africa. The team's analysis of sediment cores revealed a significant drop in sea surface temperature and rainfall patterns, making the environment less hospitable for human habitation.
A team of UMass Amherst computer scientists are part of a four-institution consortium awarded $4.5 million by the Army Research Labs to develop predictive battlefield analytics and services. The project aims to create a seamless network between humans and technology to give soldiers a competitive edge in future military operations.
A new study published in Brain Behavior and Immunity appears to challenge the theory that microglia play a role in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). The research found no difference in microglial activity between mice exposed to alcohol early in development and healthy animals.
Scientists have developed a method to detect antibiotic susceptibility for urinary tract infections in under 30 minutes. This breakthrough could enable patients to receive effective treatments during a single clinical visit.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have developed a new approach to reduce adhesion in small parts, which is expected to improve next-generation microdevices. The study uses nanomaterials to create rough surfaces that prevent tiny objects from sticking together.
A Swedish national adoption study found that children of divorced parents are more likely to get divorced due to genetic factors, not environmental influences. The study suggests that targeting basic personality traits linked to divorce may be a better approach for therapists.
Scientists have discovered a new molecule that stimulates blood vessel formation, which could help treat non-healing wounds and injuries associated with diabetes. The discovery has the potential to reduce the number of limbs amputated due to diabetes, offering a cost-effective treatment option.
Yale researchers have identified the molecular mechanism driving BRCA1 gene mutations' association with breast cancer, offering hope for personalized treatment plans and increased cancer detection accuracy.
A study published in JAMA Surgery found that patients undergoing major abdominal surgery with lower health literacy levels experience longer hospital stays. Patients with low health literacy spent an additional median of one day in the hospital compared to those with high health literacy.
LSU Health New Orleans' Precision Medicine team will participate in the National Institutes of Health's All of Us Research Program, aiming to gather information from 1 million or more participants. The program seeks to design individualized approaches to disease prevention and treatment using diverse data sets.
Researchers discovered how TORC1 protein complexes regulate cell growth in response to sugar availability. In the absence of sugar, these complexes self-assemble into massive tubular structures that halt cell growth. The formation and disassembly of these tubules can be easily observed in living cells.
A new study by Uppsala University researchers found that patients' expectations significantly influence the efficacy of SSRI antidepressants. In a double-blind study, patients who received correct information about their medication showed three times more responders than those given incorrect information.
A study by NC State University researchers reveals that brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a neurotransmitter involved in itching sensations, plays no role in pain transmission. This finding could lead to the development of specific drugs or therapies to block pain signals closer to their source.
Researchers from North Carolina State University have engineered designer biosensors that can detect antibiotic molecules of interest produced by microbes such as E. coli. The biosensors use a naturally occurring molecular switch to detect the presence of macrolide antibiotics, enabling the screening of millions of different strains qu...
A 35-million-year-old salamander fossil from France has yielded a unique glimpse into the life of an ancient creature. Researchers have successfully imaged the internal anatomy of the specimen using advanced x-ray imaging techniques, revealing that it fed on frogs - a rare food source for salamanders.
The NIAAA Alcohol Treatment Navigator offers a comprehensive strategy to help individuals search for professionally-led, evidence-based treatment. The navigator guides users through a step-by-step process to find qualified treatment providers, taking into account individual needs and preferences.
The overall annual incidence of measles in the United States remained low from 2001 to 2015, with most cases reported among unvaccinated individuals. The study suggests that failure to vaccinate may be the main driver of measles transmission, highlighting the importance of maintaining high vaccine coverage.
Explosive volcanic eruptions in the tropics can lead to El Niño events by pumping sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere, reflecting solar radiation and reducing global surface temperature. Climate model simulations show that El Niño tends to peak during the year after large volcanic eruptions.
A new study published in Epilepsia found that cooling treatment for newborns who suffer from perinatal asphyxia significantly reduces the number of children developing epilepsy later in childhood. The research also showed improved cognitive performance, life quality, and life expectancy for these patients.
A comprehensive study monitored microbial load, diversity and dynamics in a closed habitat for 520 days, finding human-associated bacteria to be the main source of microbial dispersal. The researchers also noted that confinement triggered significant changes in the bacterial community, with diversity decreasing over time.
A systematic review of high-deductible health care plans found they curb both healthcare cost and usage, including preventive care. The study showed a decrease in patient use of medical services, including desirable services like cancer screenings.
Taking oral vitamin D supplements alongside standard asthma medication may halve the risk of severe asthma attacks that require hospital care. Research found a 30% reduction in steroid treatment and a 50% decrease in hospitalizations due to asthma exacerbations.
Researchers at Lehigh University found brief online behavioral therapy for parents is equally effective to in-person training in improving children's behavior and parental knowledge. Parents participating in the streamlined 10-week format were more likely to be engaged and complete training.
A new study published in Environmental Engineering Science found that titanium dioxide, commonly used in foods and coatings, can affect the types of bacteria present in the human gut and its pH. The study suggests that food-grade TiO2 produces different microbial responses compared to industrial-grade particles.
A new study found that gabapentin co-use with opioids increases the risk of fatal opioid overdose. The study analyzed data from Ontario, Canada and found that patients prescribed both gabapentin and opioids were more likely to die from an opioid overdose.
The University of Wisconsin-Madison will study how legumes evolved to cooperate with bacteria for nitrogen fixation. The goal is to recreate this ability in other crops like poplar and cereals, reducing fertilizer use and environmental pollution.
A team of researchers used machine learning to model the behavior of aluminum and uranium in different phases at various temperatures and pressures. The study improved upon previous results in terms of speed and accuracy, enabling further work with only promising materials.
Researchers used satellite imagery and simulations to explore the role of currents in the Red Sea biosphere, finding significant variability in eddies that facilitate transport and dispersal. The study's findings suggest water circulation patterns play a significant role in determining the distribution of Red Sea clownfish populations.
Researchers from Finland's Universities of Turku and Helsinki have identified dozens of prey species consumed by adult dragonflies using DNA analysis of faecal samples. The study provides unprecedented specificity on the position of dragonflies in natural food webs.
The Hastings Center Report examines ethical dilemmas in global health, including resource sensitivity, physician-assisted death and parental authority. The case for providing cheaper, less effective treatments to promote health and realize ethical values is presented.
Researchers at UTA and Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology discovered the generation of H2, O2, H2O, and CO2 in the Earth's mantle, shedding new light on planetary evolution. The study also found that deep mantle upwelling can oxidize fluids to produce water and carbon dioxide.
Researchers at NREL and Johns Hopkins University have developed a methodology to quantify the life cycle land use of natural gas. The study provides quantifiable information on the land use requirements for natural gas production, enabling fair comparisons of energy technologies.
A new study found that mothers are more likely to spend money on their daughters while fathers prioritize their sons. This gender-based bias affects decision-making across various aspects of life, including charitable giving, college savings, and politics.