A new trial has shown that targeted radiotherapy can limit the side effects of breast cancer treatment without compromising its effectiveness. The study found that women who received partial-breast radiotherapy reported fewer long-term changes to their breast appearance and feel, compared to those who underwent whole-breast radiotherapy.
A study found that steroid treatment for IgA nephropathy was associated with a significantly higher risk of serious adverse events, primarily infections. The trial was stopped early due to an unexpectedly high rate of serious infections and two deaths.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine found that women who gained more than one BMI unit between pregnancies had a doubled risk of developing gestational diabetes. The increased risks were strongest in women with a low BMI, and evidence suggested that reducing weight between pregnancies can help prevent GDM.
A new study reveals that brand awareness is not a key factor in purchasing snacks among children, but their experience with money plays a significant role. Higher prices for unhealthy snacks may motivate children who have handled money to choose healthier options.
Researchers at Rice University and the University of Science and Technology of China have developed a combination of antibacterial phages and magnetic nanoparticle clusters that infect and destroy bacteria protected by biofilms in water treatment systems. The innovative material, which uses bacteriophages combined with nanoparticles, c...
Researchers at Washington State University have developed a small reactor that can inexpensively break down methane into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, producing syngas for use in energy production. This innovation could significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and wasted energy from oil drilling operations.
Researchers found that Pennsylvania snowshoe hares have shorter, less-dense winter coats than their northern counterparts, producing lower coat temperatures. They also exhibit altered movement rates and resting-spot selection in response to variable winter temperatures. These adaptations may enable the hares to survive warming winters.
Scientists in China have derived a formula to calculate the end-to-end distance of semiflexible polymers, including DNA and RNA, accounting for their stretchiness. This method enables researchers to estimate the flexibility of segments of DNA, crucial for its biological function.
A new study from York University reveals that parents who participate in cognitive therapy with their children with autism experience improvements in their own depression, emotion regulation, and mindful parenting. The research shows that co-therapy with parents alongside their child's therapist leads to positive outcomes for the family.
Researchers at Monash University have discovered a brain mechanism that controls the conversion of white fat into brown fat after eating, which could lead to new obesity treatments. The 'switch' is turned off during fasting and on during feeding, promoting weight gain when the switch remains active.
Researchers found that low leg fat mass is a crucial factor in lean individuals at increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases, similar to lipodystrophy phenotypes. The study suggests personalized prevention and treatment strategies for metabolically unhealthy lean people.
A new study published in Cell Metabolism found that artificial sweeteners paired with a low-carb diet significantly boost calorie intake. Flies offered these diets showed immediate increases in food consumption, which varied by the amount of sweetener used.
A study published in Cell Chemical Biology discovered a novel chemical procedure called T-REX that can selectively target cancer cells with specific mutations, leading to more favorable treatment outcomes. The researchers found that certain enzymes' redox-specific processes could be harnessed for targeted drug design.
Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University have identified a molecule called YAP that determines whether liver cells proliferate or are eliminated, depending on the presence or absence of injury. This balance is crucial for maintaining organ structure and function.
Typhoon Noru has a large, stormy eye filled with high clouds. The satellite data showed strong convective banding and maximum sustained winds near 90 knots.
Research by University of Cambridge suggests that external features cannot accurately predict breathing difficulties in pugs, French bulldogs and bulldogs. Breeders should focus on breeding for open nostrils and avoiding dogs with short muzzles, wide faces and thick necks to reduce the risk of Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome.
Researchers at UNC Health Care have developed an assay to detect antigen production and immune effectors capable of clearing infected cells. Vorinostat reverses latent HIV infection, making it vulnerable to clearance and potentially paving the way for a cure for the millions living with the virus.
Scientists have discovered evidence of a type of seismic wave in the Sun using data from NASA's SOHO. The waves, called g-modes, reveal that the solar core is rotating approximately once every week, nearly four times faster than its surface.
Research by the University of Stirling found that hospital patients with dementia and other causes of confusion have inferior treatment outcomes and longer stays. This study is the first large population-based study to prove this, affecting over one-third of older hospital admissions.
A new study sheds light on the largely understudied area of vertebrate scavenging ecology. Researchers found that vertebrate communities are efficient at locating varying sized carcasses, but not as efficiently in warmer months when invertebrates and microbes are more active.
A UC survey of Ohio hospital administrators and ED physicians shows majority support for state guidelines on opioid prescribing, but highlights implementation barriers such as navigating prescription monitoring software. The report aims to inform a coordinated response to address the opioid epidemic in Ohio.
A recent statistical analysis suggests that the changed strike zone could negatively affect batter productivity. The study found pitch location-specific differences in run expectancies, which may lead to internal struggles among players and impact salaries.
Schistosoma mansoni parasite is a major cause of human schistosomiasis, with $1.9-million NIH grant aimed at understanding its prevalence and exploring new control methods. Researchers plan to domesticate competitor parasites to combat the spread of the disease.
Research by University of Wisconsin-Madison scientists reveals that Zika virus transmission is unlikely through casual contact like kissing or sharing utensils. The study found that the virus can survive in bodily fluids for extended periods but remains inactive in saliva, which may play a role in preventing infection.
A new review paper outlines the gold standard for identifying at-risk patients, preventing, diagnosing, and treating invasive fungal infections. Early and correct treatment leads to better outcomes for patients, reducing mortality rates from up to 85% in critically ill patients.
A team of Vanderbilt University engineers has developed smart underwear that can help prevent back pain by offloading stress on the low back muscles. The device features two fabric sections connected by straps and can be controlled via an app or a simple double tap, reducing muscle fatigue by up to 45%.
The UCSB Brain Initiative, a cross-disciplinary program tackling the mind and brain, has received a significant boost from the Hearst Foundation. The award will support the initiative's efforts to transform our understanding of the human brain and provide new tools for neuroengineering.
A large cohort study found that women with periodontal disease were at increased risk of developing any type of cancer, with the strongest association seen for esophageal cancer. Certain cancers were associated with higher risks in smokers or nonsmokers with periodontal disease.
Researchers at Iowa State University have identified two key mechanisms by which bacteria can resist antibiotics: efflux pumps that extrude drugs from cells, and reinforced cell walls that make it difficult for antibiotics to penetrate. These discoveries could lead to the development of new treatments that target these structures.
The Cornell Neurotechnology NeuroNex Hub will develop new optical imaging tools for noninvasive recording of neural activity in animals, overcoming barriers to deep imaging and whole nervous system visualization. The hub aims to enable biologists to explore complex neuroscience questions, such as animal consciousness.
Scientists at Rice University have created a method for printing and rewriting color images by utilizing structural colors, which are determined by the selective reflections of certain colors at specific angles. The technique uses a single, colorless ink and can generate high-resolution images with excellent durability.
Research finds that boat noise affects cleaner fish behavior, leading to increased cheating and decreased cleaning efficiency. This study highlights the need to control man-made noise in protected habitats.
A study published in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry found a consistent pattern of increased risk of later violence among adolescents with depression. The research team identified modest increases in risk of violence in depression, with an odds ratio of two-fold in one sample.
Researchers found that environmental factors, such as 'vigorous gaping' behavior in larval fish, can significantly influence the development of their craniofacial bones. This discovery challenges the long-held assumption that genetics is the primary driver of species variability.
Chemical weathering, a process breaking down rocks and trapping carbon dioxide, can occur at tens of thousands of years, not millions, potentially alleviating some climate change impacts. This natural response to increased CO2 levels could help balance the effects of human activities.
NASA's AIRS instrument detected a small area of cold clouds in Tropical Depression Irwin, indicating weakened storms. The depression is forecast to become a remnant low later today, August 1.
Researchers studied changes in oral bacterial communities after death and found similar successional changes in three cadavers. The aim is to use these changes to estimate time since death based on the newly set environmental conditions.
Cinematic rendering technology produces photorealistic 3D images from CT and MRI data, enhancing medical education, patient-physician communication, and early disease detection. The technique has potential applications in surgical planning and improves physician-patient relationships.
A University of California San Diego study found that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with reduced mortality and greater chances of remaining cognitively healthy into older age. Among men and women aged 85+, individuals who consumed 'moderate to heavy' amounts of alcohol were twice as likely to be cognitively healthy than no...
Researchers identified a new HER2 mutation that activates tyrosine kinase, triggering tumor formation. A circulating tumor DNA analysis was developed to diagnose and monitor patients with this mutation, showing promise for treatment with neratinib.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center have developed a new light-based therapy to kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as MRSA. The therapy uses a small molecule to activate an enzyme that produces reactive oxygen species, killing the bacteria when exposed to specific wavelengths of light.
A voluntary registry will connect Flint residents exposed to lead-contaminated water to healthcare services and support programs. The project aims to improve lives, identify individuals, and provide guidance for state and local recommendations.
A study by Stanford Medicine and Celmatix Inc. found that elective freezing of IVF embryos can improve pregnancy rates in women with high progesterone levels and are over 35. Freezing the embryos before transfer may give hormones a chance to fall to more hospitable levels for implantation.
Researchers in China have successfully grown ferroelectric thin films with symmetric oxide electrodes, stabilizing flux-closure domains and their periodic arrays. This finding disproves previous theories and opens up new possibilities for the evolution of these structures under external electric fields.
New research by NOAA Fisheries shows that seabird predation, particularly common murres, affects salmon survival in the California Current. Changes in ocean conditions influence bird predation on salmon from San Francisco Bay, highlighting the complex relationships between species and their environment.
A team of scientists used whole genome sequencing to identify the cause of a respiratory disease that affected almost 77,000 native Icelandic horses in 2010. The researchers found that the gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus zooepidemicus was the culprit behind the outbreak.
A new study introduces a novel design for carbon quantum dot (CQD) modified Bi2WO6 photocatalysts, demonstrating enhanced photocatalytic performance in pollutant degradation and hydrogen evolution. The CQDs enhance the photo-absorption range while increasing charge separation efficiency.
A team of scientists from the Lomonosov Moscow State University has successfully detected polarization of intrinsic optical radiation of a gamma-ray burst, providing evidence of a powerful magnetic field around a rapidly rotating black hole. This achievement marks a major breakthrough in understanding these cosmic events.
Researchers found that prior vaccination in pregnant women did not significantly affect the transfer of flu antibodies to their babies, contradicting initial concerns. Weakened maternal immune responses from repeated flu shots also hindered peak antibody levels.
Researchers developed FlowRep to create design sketches of everyday objects, leveraging insights from Gestalt psychology. The algorithm can produce comparable sketches to professional designers, with potential implications for 3D printing and fabrication.
A study by University of Virginia Assistant Professor Matthew Gerber found that Twitter can help predict crime by analyzing common topics of discussion, such as sports and entertainment. The result was more precise than older forecasting models, with accurate predictions for 19 out of 25 crime types.
Researchers at the University of Delaware used a new mirror box illusion to study how the brain processes multiple sensory inputs. The study found that the brain uses biomechanical constraints from the body schema to resolve conflicts between senses, with vision typically ruling but also considering additional information.
Researchers have discovered a potential new treatment for delayed neuropathy caused by insecticides or chemical exposure. The study identified the TRPA1 channel as responsible for the condition and found that duloxetine and ketotifen alleviate symptoms in animal models.
Researchers have mapped a geologic structure off Alaska's seafloor that suggests high tsunami danger, with similar features found in Japan and potentially elsewhere in the Pacific. The discovery highlights the need for better understanding of subduction zones and their potential hazards.
Researchers have developed a new contact lens coating made from a molecule found in pig stomach mucus, which can prevent tissue damage caused by dry eyes. The coating is long-term protective and requires no repeated applications, offering an alternative to existing hyaluronic acid products.
A study published in Multiple Sclerosis Journal shows that resistance training can protect the brain and delay disease progression in people with multiple sclerosis. The research, conducted over six months, found that those who engaged in resistance training had less brain shrinkage and even small brain areas began to grow.
Researchers at Hebrew University developed novel nanoparticles for 3D printing in water, offering tunable properties and high light sensitivity. This breakthrough enables the creation of bio-friendly structures, tailored fabrication of medical devices, and environmentally friendly additive manufacturing.
A team of researchers will use new methods to analyze and interpret neural data, developing theoretical models to understand the underlying mechanisms. The project aims to improve understanding of brain function, even when only a small fraction of cells are directly observed.
A new study from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine suggests that replenishing cytokine molecules could repair diabetic nerve damage. Diabetic mice showed low levels of specific cytokines that hindered activation of reparative genes, leading to poor circulation and muscle weakness.
Researchers from Kumamoto University developed a novel electrochemical sensing technique for detecting neurotoxic agents, including Nereistoxin, which showed high sensitivity and specificity. The method uses gold electrodes with adsorbed NRT layers, achieving detection limits of 1-25 micro-grams per milliliter of human serum.