Researchers at UNIST have achieved a new world record efficiency performance of 22.1% in small cells and 19.7 percent in 1-square-centimeter cells using perovskite solar cells. The breakthrough is made possible by careful control of growth conditions to fix defects that reduce photoelectric efficiency.
Practical imaging evaluation of neonatal soft-tissue tumors is crucial for accurate diagnosis, and clear understanding of imaging techniques can improve patient outcomes. Characteristic clinical and imaging findings aid in diagnosing these neoplasms, which may require biopsy or excision for definitive diagnosis.
Researchers highlight the crucial role of outreach and education in disease elimination programs. In Thailand's successful liver fluke control model, educational efforts, including comics and songs, have led to significant reductions in human infection rates. The campaign's focus on community empowerment and addressing social factors h...
A new study found that violent crime can disrupt sleep patterns and increase stress hormones in youth, leading to decreased academic performance. The study, conducted on 82 youth aged 11-18, showed that sleep and cortisol levels changed after a violent crime occurred nearby, with the largest effects seen for homicides.
Gene silencing is crucial for plant development and growth, and a recent study has shed light on its mechanisms. The researchers discovered that Polycomb-group proteins play a key role in this process, using histone modifications to silence genes.
Researchers at SISSA shed light on the microscopic origin of thermodynamics by showing that isolated systems exhibit increasing entropy due to entanglement with the rest of the system. This resolves the paradox between quantum mechanics and thermodynamics, providing new insights into the behavior of extended quantum systems.
A recent study highlights the gaps in knowledge about cardiovascular disease among incarcerated and released populations, with limited research on factors contributing to heart disease. The report identifies areas for further study, including how prisoners receive care and treatment, and the relationship between stress and coping behav...
Researchers discovered a new chromium-based superconductor with an unusual electronic state, characterized by linear magnetic resistance at ultralow temperatures. This finding could contribute to the development of new superconductors and materials with unique properties.
Scientists create user-interactive electronic skin that changes color in response to subtle strain levels, enabling potential uses in robotics, prosthetics, and wearables. Graphene-based flexible electronics make the technology possible with a reduced level of mechanical strain.
Researchers use optical coherence tomography to analyze the size, number, and orientation of metal flakes in industrial car paint, improving efficiency in automotive finishing processes. The technique also shows promise for analyzing pharmaceutical coatings.
Hokkaido University researchers have designed a novel mechano-responsive luminescent material that changes color in response to mechanical stimuli. The material, composed of gold and isocyanide complex, transforms into chiral or achiral crystals under different conditions, altering its emission properties.
Tropical Storm Sonca made landfall in Vietnam, bringing maximum sustained winds near 40 knots and heavy rainfall to the region. Infrared data from NASA's Aqua satellite revealed an area of strong storms with cloud top temperatures as cold as minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit.
Researchers at Oregon State University found nearly half of dogs with osteosarcoma had elevated total serum cholesterol levels, leading to longer survival times. Dogs with high cholesterol had a median survival time of 455 days, compared to 345 days for those with normal cholesterol.
Researchers found a localized glow near the cathode surface due to enhanced ionization and electron confinement in the magnetic field. Increasing the magnetic field strength revealed a transition from order to chaos via a period-doubling route.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed a method to produce controlled, deterministic photons that can be used in novel cryptographic technologies. This innovation aims to improve the speed and security of quantum key encryption when sharing information over machine-to-machine networks.
A new project, PONToon, aims to improve the employment rates of socially excluded women by boosting their digital skills and knowledge. The project will develop a free digital toolkit with engaging tools such as virtual reality interviews, webinars, and bespoke computer game experiences.
A novel LpxC inhibitor, LPC-069, has been shown to be effective in treating multi-drug resistant bacterial infections, including those caused by Yersinia pestis. The compound was found to have no serious side effects at high doses.
A University of Oklahoma professor finds that well-designed visual aids are beneficial for diverse people facing complex decisions, including physicians and patients. The study shows that visual aids increase the likelihood of deliberation and lead to more enduring changes in attitudes and behavioral intentions.
Researchers developed an optimization model that improves solar power integration in residential photovoltaic systems through demand-response applications. The study found that DR applications with 100% PV penetration reduced energy consumption by 32%, network losses by 42%, and improved network utilization by 12%.
Researchers discovered a communication system between the knee joint and developing bones in mice, which controls bone growth during early development and after injury. The study suggests that bone growth is controlled not only from within the bone itself but also by neighboring cells situated in nearby joints.
Researchers have successfully grown large sheets of monolayer single-crystal graphene, overcoming technical challenges to achieve a 5 x 50 cm2 sheet in just 20 minutes. The low-cost method has the potential to expand graphene's usability and enable its use in flexible circuits.
Researchers found that genetic variations from Neanderthals shape modern human brain structures, particularly those involved in tool use and visualization. This may lead to trade-offs with social brain function, potentially contributing to deficits seen in these disorders.
Jaephil Cho, a leading expert on secondary batteries, has been listed among the most influential scientists in Materials Science & Engineering. With over 200 patents and 280 scientific publications, he was cited as one of the top authors in Nano Letters.
A new study found that a mobile health program using text messages and emails successfully encouraged mothers to follow safe sleep practices for their babies, resulting in improved compliance rates. The intervention significantly reduced the risk of sudden unexpected infant death (SIDS) and infant mortality rates.
Wonpil Im's open-source biomolecular modeling tool CHARMM-GUI simulates bacterial membrane channels and transport of antibiotic molecules, supporting the fight against antibiotic resistance. Gram-negative bacteria's outer membrane poses a significant challenge to antibiotic penetration.
A study administered VRC01 antibody infusions to virally suppressed volunteers who initiated ART during acute HIV infection, showing a delay in viral load rebound. The results provide valuable lessons for future studies on early-treated individuals with combination broadly neutralizing antibodies.
Researchers create faster and easier way to make sulfur-containing polymers using SuFEx reaction technique, combined with newly identified catalysts. The achievement reduces cost of large-scale production and produces far less hazardous waste.
Researchers at Pitt Engineering have created synthetic materials that mimic the behavior of living organisms, enabling self-recognition and self-regulation in devices. The findings were published in PNAS and demonstrate potential applications for mechano-responsive materials with tunable self-awareness.
A team of astronomers found that there are about seven times more long-period comets measuring at least 1 kilometer across than previously predicted. Long-period comets are nearly twice as large as Jupiter family comets, suggesting an evolutionary difference between the two types of comets.
Researchers at Kansas State University are developing the high-voltage system for the detector in DUNE, a large international collaboration studying neutrinos. The project aims to gain knowledge on fundamental physics and the early universe, with potential benefits in understanding the relationship between matter and antimatter.
Researchers have successfully produced a 'quantum egg-box' with hundreds of thousands of artificially arranged fluxons, enabling stable non-equilibrium states. This breakthrough paves the way for developing fast computer circuits based on fluxons with enhanced speed and reduced heat dissipation.
New research from Northwestern University suggests that children who live in neighborhoods with high rates of violent crime struggle more in school due to sleep disruption and increased stress hormone cortisol. The study found that violent crimes alter sleep patterns, leading to a negative impact on academic performance.
The American College of Cardiology has launched a series of educational forums in central and eastern China to address the growing burden of valvular heart disease. The program aims to provide high-quality, accessible care for patients from underserved communities.
A new animal study suggests that walnuts can increase the diversity of good probiotic-type bacteria in the gut. The researchers found that a diet with walnuts led to an overall significant increase in beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus, Roseburia, and Ruminococcaceae.
Researchers have pinpointed key molecules that prompt damaged nerve fibres in zebrafish to regenerate themselves. Understanding these signals could hold clues for therapies to help heal the spinal cord after injury.
Researchers at the University of São Paulo's Biomedical Science Institute have discovered a new virus in a migratory bird species. The virus, type 15 avian paramyxovirus, was found to be closest to viruses previously identified in South America and does not pose a threat to humans or birds.
A mobile health intervention improved adherence to safe sleep practices among mothers of healthy term newborns, with higher rates of supine positioning and no soft-bedding use. The study found that 79% of mothers in the intervention group had placed their infants supine, compared to 80% in the control group.
Researchers at the University of Bristol have made a groundbreaking discovery that could lead to a new treatment for heart attacks. Pericytes, cells surrounding blood vessels, stimulate new blood vessel growth with the help of hormone leptin, which may help restore blood supply to damaged heart muscle after a heart attack.
A study by Carnegie Mellon University researchers found that gift givers tend to choose superficial gifts over sentimental ones, even when recipients prefer sentimentally valuable gifts. The study suggests that givers view sentimental gifts as uncertain in their impact, but view preference-matching gifts as a sure single.
A new US study reveals that noise pollution is most prevalent in black neighborhoods and segregated cities, with a strong correlation between noise levels and race. The research found that neighborhoods with higher proportions of black residents had higher median night-time noise levels.
Researchers warn of harm to beneficial microbes and ecosystems from antibiotic runoff into natural systems, calling for improved wastewater treatment and responsible use. The review article explores commonly used antibiotics' impact on microbes essential to a healthy environment.
The CUDOS research group has created compact, mass manufacturable optical circuits by integrating nonlinear glasses with silicon-based material. This breakthrough enables faster data processing and opens up opportunities for miniaturizing photonics devices, from laptops to smartphones.
A comprehensive new study from University of Illinois researchers found that combining physical exercise and mild electric brain stimulation with computer-based cognitive training promotes skill learning significantly more than using cognitive training alone. The enhanced learning was skill-specific and did not translate to general int...
Researchers identified regional hotspots for gene transfer and genomic 'islands' hosting exchanges across multiple bacterial species. The study sheds light on the role of horizontal gene transfer in competition for iron and its impact on microbial ecosystems.
Tumor cells develop resistance to immunotherapy by downregulating MHC class I molecules and triggering immunosuppressive processes. Inhibiting the epigenetic control protein Ezh2 improves treatment efficacy, leading to increased tumor mass shrinkage and extended tumor-free survival.
Researchers developed nanoparticles loaded with curcumin, a common spice compound, to target and destroy treatment-resistant neuroblastoma tumor cells. The study showed promising results in killing cancer cells while producing minimal toxicity in healthy cells.
The University of Sydney and Microsoft have partnered to create a premier centre for quantum computing, focusing on scaling up the technology and its applications. The partnership aims to build a rich and robust local quantum economy, attracting skilled people and investing in new equipment.
Scientists will use twin telescopes on NASA's WB-57F jet planes to capture high-resolution images of the Sun's outer atmosphere and thermal images of Mercury. The observations aim to study coronal heating and temperature variation across Mercury's surface.
Researchers from an international collaboration have analyzed data from the Venus Express spacecraft to investigate Venus's complex atmosphere. They found that stationary gravity waves at higher altitudes are related to surface elevations, suggesting wind currents caused by topographical obstacles contribute to the planet's superrotation.
A study published in mBio found a ten-fold increase in certain bacteria under the foreskin can increase HIV risk, suggesting that penile microbiome may be a previously unrecognized risk factor. The researchers also suggest that this risk factor may be sexually transmissible and could lead to novel ways to protect against HIV infection.
A team of UC Berkeley researchers has developed a new technique for real-time user-guided colorization using deep neural networks. The system enables novice users to quickly produce reasonable results by learning common colors for different objects and making recommendations in real-time.
Scientists have developed a new technique to produce high-density clusters of aligned quantum sensors in diamond, just nanometers from the surface. This enables submolecular sensitivity for microscopy, allowing researchers to detect changes in protein concentration within single cells.
Children start recognizing and following important rules governing English letter patterns, even before learning how letters represent sounds, around 3-5 years old. As they get older, their invented spellings improve, becoming more word-like in appearance.
Researchers at the University of East Anglia have discovered a gene that regulates the size of diatom cells, which contribute 20% to global primary production. The discovery could have significant implications for understanding the effects of climate change on future food webs and the potential impact on phytoplankton cell sizes.
Researchers developed a novel, tough, and triggerable hydrogel material that addresses safety concerns of traditional swallowable drug delivery systems. The new material can withstand gastrointestinal forces and release medication in a controlled manner.
A randomized trial found that same-day ART initiation improved retention (80% vs. 72%) and evidence of ART working (53% vs. 44%), with further improvements needed to hit UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets. The study supports accelerating HIV testing and treatment processes.
Researchers found that bonobos do not copy actions as children do, highlighting the unique nature of human imitation. The study suggests that over-imitation in young children may be a critical factor in explaining why human cultures differ from those of great apes.
The NRG-RTOG 0436 trial found that adding an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor to a chemo-radiation regimen does not improve overall survival for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. The trial showed no significant benefit from the addition of EGFR inhibitor cetuximab to standard treatment.
Researchers from KIT developed a novel material based on porphyrin to speed up rechargeable battery charging. The new material allows for high-performance energy storage and supercapacitors with exceptional properties.
A study conducted in the US has found that adolescent girls can safely use a dapivirine vaginal ring to prevent HIV. The ring, which contains an antiretroviral drug, was shown to be highly acceptable and easy to use, with high adherence rates among participants.