A study found that only about 7% of older adults who smoked used prescription smoking cessation medications within 90 days after a heart attack. Factors associated with early use included being younger and living in areas with higher high school graduate rates.
The GW Cancer Center received a $100,000 grant from the Avon Foundation to fund a patient navigator and Spanish-speaking support group for breast cancer patients in the D.C. area. The program will provide resources to help 300 breast cancer patients overcome barriers in the healthcare system.
A new study reveals that domesticated dogs and humans share a common genetic basis for social behavior, with unique genetic insertions associated with human-directed social behaviors in dogs. This finding challenges the conventional view of dog domestication and highlights the evolutionary conservation of sociability across species.
Researchers at the University of British Columbia have found that changing where an enzyme cuts a protein precursor can reduce amyloid beta plaque buildup, a key factor in Alzheimer's disease. By guiding the enzyme to a different point, the researchers may be able to achieve the same goal with less collateral damage.
A team of researchers has created a personalized, 3D-printed 'earable' sensor that monitors core body temperature in real time. The device, integrated with data processing circuits and wireless module, detects ear temperature using infrared sensors.
Researchers investigate how genetic genes IRF6 and SPRY4 interact during fetal development to form the palate. Studies reveal that these two genes interact to reduce adhesion of the oral surface to the tongue, leading to cleft palate formation. The study aims to better understand this interaction to address defects in palate creation.
A new saliva test developed by Johns Hopkins researchers matches the performance of a widely used blood test for diagnosing hepatitis E virus infection. The test has the potential to ease and speed up research into the disease, which affects an estimated 20 million people worldwide each year.
Since 1950s, over 9.1 billion tons of plastic have been manufactured, with the majority ending up in landfills or natural settings. Recycling plastic merely delays disposal unless it reduces new production, while incineration can have negative environmental and health effects.
Harvard scientists have identified two brain networks that lie side-by-side in the brain and may play key roles in planning, remembering and imagination. These networks are intertwined, with one connected to memory structures while the other isn't, suggesting they originated from similar processes during brain development and evolution.
Researchers at NYU conclude that memory is fundamentally structured in the time domain, with a 'temporal hierarchy' of time windows altering brain state. This theory explains how short-term memories can transform into long-term ones.
Researchers found MRSA's resistance gene in S. aureus isolates dating back to the mid-1940s, 14 years before methicillin's introduction. The study highlights the importance of surveillance and genome sequencing to combat antibiotic resistance.
A massive simulation of the HIV capsid has revealed new details about how it interacts with its environment, including oscillations that transmit information between different parts. The study also found that ions flow in and out of the capsid pores, potentially creating vulnerabilities for new drug development.
Researchers have found and dated artifacts in northern Australia indicating human arrival around 65,000 years ago. This new date calls into question the argument that humans caused the extinction of unique megafauna, suggesting a coexistence view of early humans and wildlife.
Tropical Storm Greg is one of three cyclones in the Eastern Pacific, located near 14.3 degrees north latitude and 111.0 degrees west longitude, about 550 miles southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico. As of July 19, its maximum sustained winds were near 45 mph with higher gusts, and it's forecast to gradually strengthen over the next 48 hours.
Researchers at McGill University have shown that practice can alter the way the brain uses sensory information, including visual perception. By temporarily deactivating a critical brain region, subjects who practiced with moving lines were able to perceive motion despite the region's inactivation.
Dr. Douglas W. Brown is being inducted into the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine's (AOSSM) Hall of Fame for his groundbreaking work in sports medicine, spanning over four decades. He has served as a team physician for numerous national teams and has been an active member of AOSSM since 1981.
NASA's Suomi NPP and GPM satellites observed Tropical Storm Don developing in the North Atlantic, producing moderate to heavy rainfall rates of over 4.4 inches before weakening into a remnant low pressure area.
Researchers found that people with better heart health scores had a higher average brain volume as a percentage of their total head size in middle age. A stronger association was also seen between current smoking and smaller brain volume.
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive biochemical process linked to cell homeostasis, crucial for maintaining normal physiological function. Prolonged ER stress can push the UPR past beneficial functions, contributing to various disease states, making it a global target for novel therapeutic intervention.
A research team at KAIST developed diagnostic sensors using protein-encapsulated nanocatalysts to analyze human exhaled breath and diagnose diseases. The sensors achieved high sensitivity and selectivity, detecting biomarker gases related to diseases with improved performance compared to conventional platinum-based catalysts.
A comprehensive genomic analysis of over 500 medulloblastoma patients revealed new mutations and genetic missteps, including two suspected oncogenes. The discoveries will aid efforts to develop precision medicines with increased survival rates and reduced side effects.
Interventions targeting children reduced sugary drink intake by around 30%, while those for teenagers saw a decrease of nearly 10%. However, adults showed almost no change. The study highlights the need for comprehensive approaches to address this issue, including taxation and environmental changes.
Researchers developed a system to deliver growth factors to stem cells, enabling their survival and differentiation into new blood vessels. This approach successfully restored blood supply and rescued muscle tissue in mouse models of ischemia.
A new global analysis shows that species most at risk live in areas just beginning to see the impacts of human activities. Intact forest landscapes deserve higher priority for conservation dollars than heavily impacted areas, according to researchers.
A new study suggests that a massive asteroid impact early in Mars' history could explain the planet's unique geological features. The research proposes that an asteroid at least 1,200 kilometers across crashed into Mars, depositing rare metals and creating the planet's hemispheres.
Researchers found that obese people tend to ignore future meal timings when selecting portion sizes, unlike lean individuals who generally do. This novel finding highlights the need for targeted interventions to promote future thinking in meal planning and may explain why being overweight is associated with irregular meal timings.
A new hearing test, developed by researchers at the University of Southampton, has been implemented to assess auditory fitness-for-duty among military personnel. The test, a speech-in-noise test, takes into account real-world scenarios and challenges faced by soldiers, providing a more accurate measure of their hearing abilities.
Cox was recognized for his 1972 paper on the proportional hazards model, widely used in survival data analysis. The model has been applied to various fields, leading to life-changing breakthroughs and societal impact.
Research identified PTPRZ as a crucial enzyme for glioblastoma's maintenance and tumorigenicity. Pharmacological inhibition of PTPRZ shows promise in treating malignant gliomas.
The study reveals that even spacing of cell clumps is set by the gentle tug of war among cells as an organism grows, triggering genes that produce follicles and feathers. This discovery could lead to creating artificial skin with hair follicles and sweat pores for grafts.
A new book by UTA researcher Shima Hamidi shows that life expectancy, economic mobility, transportation choices, and personal health and safety all improve in less sprawling areas. People in compact, connected counties tend to have lower risks of obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes.
Researchers found variants of the FOXO3 gene play a role in aging into the early to mid-90s but do not affect exceptional longevity beyond that. Centenarians appear to benefit from combinations of longevity-enabling genes that protect against aging and age-related diseases.
A study published in JAMA found that weight gain from age 18 to 55 is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and death. Weight gain as little as 11 pounds during this period can lead to increased risks of major chronic diseases.
Researchers used a new, non-destructive technology to access medieval texts hidden inside ancient bookbindings. By fusing visible hyperspectral and X-ray fluorescence imaging, they discovered sixth-century Roman Law code written in marginal comments.
Researchers at University of Science and Technology of China have developed a new type of synthetic antiferromagnet with correlated oxide multilayers, overcoming the 'dead layer' effect that hindered previous progress. The team achieved layer-resolved magnetic switching in La2/3Ca1/3MnO3/CaRu1/2Ti1/2O3/NdGaO3 multilayers.
The project aims to strengthen resilience in under-resourced communities by testing two approaches: providing technical resources or supporting community planning. The research will also investigate mobile phone-based applications to enhance skills to cope with stress and develop policy recommendations.
Patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery experience altered sweet taste preferences, with RYGB producing more pronounced effects than VSG. This phenomenon may help clinicians predict patient responses to different surgeries and inform treatment approaches for obesity.
A Wayne State University researcher has received a $1.9 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to study the role of AMP-activated protein kinase in regulating innate responses to bacterial endophthalmitis. The study aims to identify novel pathways and new means to treat blinding ocular infections.
A US Department of Agriculture-funded study found that affordable health insurance is a major concern for American farmers, affecting their business risk and ability to run a successful enterprise. The study also highlights the impact of health-related costs on farm succession issues and access to land for young farmers.
A large-scale trial found that goal-oriented therapy significantly improves people's ability to engage in important daily tasks and maintain independence. The therapy, which involves setting and achieving individual goals, shows promising results for supporting individuals with early-stage dementia to live fulfilling lives.
A global study has identified the evolutionary steps leading to the spread of the wheat blast fungus, a pathogen causing significant yield losses in Asia and South America. The fungus emerged through host jumps from a weed pathogen and its distribution was initially restricted to South America before re-emerging on the Eurasian continent.
A study published in JAMA found that high-dose vitamin D administration among children aged 1-5 did not reduce wintertime upper respiratory tract infections. The daily supplementation of 2000 IU/d or 400 IU/d had no significant effect on the number or duration of infections.
A new integrated Earth System Model (iESM) reduces uncertainties in future climate predictions by coupling physical, biological processes with human activities. The iESM is being used to explore interactions among the physical climate system, biological components of the Earth system, and human systems.
Scientists have developed a new method for detecting extremely small amounts of DNA using associating and dissociating nanodimer analysis (ADNA). The method can differentiate true signals from noise and detect deviations of individual bases, with a detection limit of about 46 DNA copies.
Researchers discovered a primitive blueprint of organization in primates' brains just days after birth, which gradually fills in with age and experience. The findings have implications for humans, including the potential explanation of aberrations seen in autism-spectrum disorders and the importance of correcting visual deficits at birth.
Service workers who face verbal abuse from customers are more likely to go on unnecessary shopping sprees in the evening. The study found that customer mistreatment can lead to damaging thoughts and behaviors, including impulse shopping.
Researchers found that patients appreciate being able to confirm next steps, feel heard and gain confidence in providers through secure access to visit notes. Patients also value the ability to provide feedback on accuracy and catch potential errors.
Researchers at RIT are working on developing more efficient, durable and cost-effective carbon nanotube technology for electronic components. The project aims to create affordable carbon wiring with electrical properties competitive with metal wiring.
Researchers found that using newer dosing methods can minimize harmful effects while maximizing benefits in children with varying body mass indices. The study also suggests cost savings for the NHS.
Prevention of young adult obesity can significantly impact US rates of obesity and related diseases, costs, and premature death. Interventions targeting this age group may also reduce prevalence in children, making it an essential focus for reversing the epidemic.
A new study published in JAMA found that giving healthy children high doses of vitamin D during the winter did not reduce the number of colds they got. The study, led by Dr. Jonathon Maguire, involved 700 children who received either a standard or high dose of vitamin D, with no difference in cold frequency between the two groups.
A large-scale genetic study of E. coli bloodstream infections in England found that drug-resistant 'superbugs' are not dominant causes of infection. Instead, new types of E. coli emerge frequently, but are quickly balanced by other strains, suggesting a complex picture of disease dynamics.
Researchers found that thyroxine and metformin can repair memory and learning deficits caused by fetal alcohol exposure when given after birth. The study provides potential treatment for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.
A team of researchers from the University of Cambridge and the US has demonstrated a non-toxic alternative to lead for use in next-generation solar cells, using bismuth oxyiodide. The material shows comparable performance to current silicon-based solar cells, with efficiencies up to 22%.
Scientists at the University of Würzburg discovered differences in gene expression between embryonic endothelial cells of the central nervous system and other organs, shedding light on the blood-brain barrier's development and maturation. The study also identified transcription factors involved in this process.
A new study found that children born prematurely to mothers who were overweight or obese before pregnancy are at higher risk for low cognitive scores and difficulties with self-regulation. The study suggests that behavioral interventions to reduce pre-pregnancy weight may help mitigate these impairments.
Researchers found a single amino-acid difference between toothed whales and filter-feeding baleen whales that may explain their distinct body shapes. This variation affects the sensitivity of a key receptor, potentially impacting feeding behavior and body size in these species.
Researchers have identified a universal mechanism behind bone cell organization, revealing a quantitative framework to assess bone quality. The study shows that different bone types exhibit varying levels of connectivity but similar efficiency in intercellular transport and communication.
Researchers have discovered how Rice Stripe Virus (RSV) reproduces in small brown planthoppers, a key step in controlling the spread of devastating crop diseases. By studying interactions between proteins and compounds, they found that RSV activates the JNK signaling pathway to promote replication.
Researchers have discovered that adding estrogen to brain regions helps regulate weight and glucose levels in rats with induced menopause. The finding suggests that the medial amygdala is crucial for metabolic health, making it a potential target for treatment.