A combined analysis of NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and H.E.S.S. data suggests the galactic center contains a high-energy trap that concentrates cosmic rays, mostly protons. This results in a gamma-ray glow extending to the highest energies observed.
Researchers found that inhibiting the partnership between Tregs and dendritic cells might lead to effective immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer. Blocking this relationship may enable the immune system to target pancreatic tumor cells more effectively, potentially slowing tumor growth.
A new study published in JAMA found that reductions in hospital 30-day readmission rates were weakly but significantly correlated with reductions in hospital 30-day mortality rates after discharge. This suggests that hospitals' efforts to lower readmissions have not resulted in increased mortality.
Researchers create interactive maps to help EU cities track and cut carbon emissions, revealing that wealthier individuals and fashion contribute to larger footprints. The study also finds regional differences in emissions linked to geography and food consumption.
The new AARP-sponsored supplement issue explores the effects of negative attitudes on aging, including memory performance and healthcare use. Research finds that these perceptions can be profound for individuals, communities, and populations.
A health service research expert warns that social prescribing requires a nuanced evidence base to address individualisation and responsiveness to patient needs. The UK policy push to integrate social prescribing into 'new models of care' highlights the need for more research on its delivery and effectiveness.
Researchers developed an antibiotic-releasing polymer that successfully eliminated two types of prosthetic infection in animal models. This material could lead to single-procedure treatments, reducing patient inconvenience and complication risk.
The Porphyra genome revealed insights into its survival in extreme environments, including ultraviolet protection and thermal tolerance. The research also found a reduced cytoskeleton and unique signaling molecules that contribute to the species' small stature.
A new study highlights the need to improve testosterone prescribing practices in the VA, with variations found in age, experience, specialty, and region. Providers under 40 were more likely to prescribe testosterone, while those over 60 were less likely.
A new supplement combining whey protein, creatine, vitamin D, calcium, and fish oil has been found to greatly improve physical strength in senior citizens. The study, published in PLOS ONE, showed significant gains in lean body mass and overall strength, especially when combined with exercise.
A study of over 2,500 women found that even brief bursts of high-intensity exercise, equivalent to a 1-2 minute run, can improve bone health. The research suggests that short periods of weight-bearing activity are more beneficial than longer continuous periods.
Expedition 371 investigates shift in Pacific Plate movement, which formed subduction zone and altered ocean circulation patterns. Cores collected at six Tasman Sea sites will help scientists understand timing and causes of these changes and their impact on Earth's climate.
The Gulf Research Program and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation awarded $10.8 million to support four projects enhancing community resilience in Louisiana and Alabama. The projects will increase understanding of community attributes influencing resilience and develop tools for strengthening community capacity.
Researchers at Brookhaven Lab have successfully trapped argon gas in a two-dimensional array of tiny 'cages', allowing for the detailed study of single atoms in confinement. This achievement could lead to the design of new materials for gas separation and nuclear waste remediation.
Researchers found that generating an optimal immune response against cancer requires the cooperation of two types of memory T cells: those that circulate in the blood and those that reside in tissues. This discovery has the potential to improve current cancer immunotherapy strategies, especially in preventing metastasis.
A new study has identified a tool to detect signs of autism in high-risk infants with TSC, a genetic disorder. The Autism Observation Scale for Infants (AOSI) was found to be a useful clinical tool in determining which infants are at increased risk of developing ASD.
A large-scale study has identified over 50 new genetic markers associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a common autoimmune disease. The research found that certain ethnic groups are more likely to develop SLE and experience more severe symptoms.
A new open-access guide provides best practices for protecting pollinators like bees and butterflies while reducing pests in lawns and fields. Methods include mowing before applying insecticides and creating pollinator habitat strips, which can reduce the hazard to pollinating insects.
The new optical fiber has an extremely large core diameter and preserves both the distribution of light intensity in cross-section and polarization. This allows for single-mode operation with minimal energy transfer to other modes, reducing parasitic nonlinear effects.
A team-based primary care model, TOPCARE, has been shown to decrease prescription opioid use among patients with chronic pain by 40 percent. This study, conducted in four primary care practices, found that TOPCARE patients had lower opioid doses and were more likely to adhere to AAPM guidelines.
Researchers have identified a genetic variation that increases the risk of severe flu symptoms in patients. The variant, known as rs34481144, is linked to reduced killer T cell function and lower levels of the protective IFITM3 protein, suggesting a potential genetic marker for flu risk.
A commentary in CMAJ argues that a two-streamed structure is necessary to keep patients safe and support research into the therapeutic effects of cannabinoids. This structure would provide incentives for research, educational resources for healthcare practitioners, and reduce risk to patients.
Researchers found that a receptor called Notch is crucial in the process of artery formation, directing sprouting cells into developing arteries. The study provides new insights into how vascular networks are established and may lead to identifying new therapeutic approaches to stimulate growth of new arteries after organ injury.
Research from the UNC School of Medicine found an association between certain microbial communities and higher levels of cognitive development. Infants with high levels of Bacteroides had better cognitive scores, while those with diverse gut microbiomes performed worse.
A Rice University professor has developed a method to upconvert light, making solar cells more efficient and disease-targeting nanoparticles more effective. The technique uses plasmonic metals and semiconducting quantum wells to boost the frequency of light, changing its color.
Researchers have discovered a new gene involved in Fanconi anaemia, a rare genetic disease affecting bone marrow and causing congenital defects. The RFWD3 gene was found to be related to DNA repair and mutations were detected in a child with the disorder.
A new study shows that rooftop concentrating photovoltaics can produce over 50% more energy than standard silicon solar cells, reaching 30% efficiency in outdoor testing. The system's embedded microtracking technology enables efficient tracking of the sun and maximizes energy production.
Researchers found that a mutation causing an inversion on the Z chromosome increases sperm velocity and morphology, leading to higher fertilization rates and reproductive success. This study provides insight into the evolutionary mechanisms underlying infertility in zebra finches.
A study found that 21.4% of infants born to mothers with confirmed Zika virus infection had sight-threatening eye abnormalities, including optic nerve and retinal issues. Screening eye exams are recommended regardless of CNS abnormalities or timing of maternal infection during pregnancy.
Researchers recommend early blood testing for iron deficiency in young women, especially those who have been menstruating for over three years. The study found that iron deficiency without anemia is common among adolescent females and can be associated with lower standardized math scores and attention problems.
Researchers at Cardiff University have discovered two new genes that increase a person's risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. The findings build on previous research identifying 24 susceptibility genes and provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the disease.
Researchers discover that blast-induced cavitation in the brain's perineuronal nets can cause neuronal damage. The study sheds light on the effects of blast injuries on the brain and highlights the importance of preventing traumatic brain injuries on the battlefield.
Researchers found that neoadjuvant radiation therapy significantly lowers the risk of developing a second primary tumor in early-stage breast cancer patients. The study also suggests that delaying surgery due to neoadjuvant radiation therapy is not detrimental to survival.
A Seattle-focused study found that young people with chronic depression are at a higher risk of developing a cannabis-use disorder. The study suggests that preventing or reducing chronic depression during early adolescence could lead to a reduced prevalence of cannabis use disorder.
A new Stanford study reveals that as super-giant oilfields age, the energy required to operate them increases, leading to higher greenhouse gas emissions. The researchers developed a software tool to accurately calculate these emissions, finding that some oilfields see a doubling of emissions per barrel over a 25-year operating period.
Researchers at UNIST have sequenced the whole genome of the Myotis rufoniger, a critically endangered bat species, to understand its genetic basis. The study provides valuable insights into the species' demographic history, genomic diversity, and evolutionary origins.
A study of 85,000 subjects identified three new gene variants that contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease by affecting the brain's immune cells. Researchers believe these findings offer fresh ideas for targeting the immune system to fight the disorder.
By adding polydopamine, a material isolated from shellfish, scientists can increase the sensitivity of common bioassays by 100-1,000 times, enabling more accurate diagnoses and reducing uncertainty in laboratory research.
A recent review by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) incorrectly linked Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a highly effective biopesticide, to diarrhoea in humans. However, Dr Ben Raymond of the University of Exeter disputes these findings, citing recent evidence that supports Bt bacteria as "very safe for humans".
Thomas Wickiewicz, an orthopaedic surgeon with 35 years of practice, is being inducted into the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine's (AOSSM) Hall of Fame. He has made substantial contributions to sports medicine through his extensive education and research.
A new analysis identifies areas around the world most at-risk for hydro-political strife due to planned dams on rivers flowing through multiple nations. The Nile River in Africa is one of the more contentious areas, with Ethiopia's dam construction diverting water from countries downstream.
The study reveals that TLK2 is vital for placenta and embryo viability in mice, with implications for human intellectual disabilities. The researchers found that mutations in the TLK2 gene may cause impaired placental function, leading to insufficient oxygen during development and potential neurological disorders.
Researchers at UNC have shown that interval dosing of Vorinostat can reverse latent HIV and improve detection, paving the way for further research into clearing infection. The study's findings suggest that pairing a latency reversing agent with an antiviral immune therapy may be necessary to achieve a cure.
Researchers at University of California San Diego have identified key brain pathways tied to distinct depressive behaviors. The study found that modifying specific neural connections in mice led to improved behavioral changes, providing insight into the interaction between multiple brain areas in depression.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins developed a mathematical method to predict the effectiveness of catheter ablation for treating Afib. The study found that improving electrical communication in the heart immediately after the procedure can predict longer-term success rates.
A six-nation study published in Scientific Reports reveals that modern diesel cars generally emit less pollution than gasoline-powered cars. Diesel's cleaner reputation is due to its lower invisible pollution, which outweighs the more visible emissions from gasoline vehicles.
Researchers at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center are analyzing the eerie sounds made by plasma waves in space, including whistler-mode waves and chorus waves. By understanding how these waves interact with particles, scientists can improve predictions of space weather and protect satellites and telecommunications signals.
A new international study involving 3,500 patients found that removing all lymph nodes in the area closest to the melanoma may not provide a significant survival advantage. The study suggests that patients can be spared from complications and repeat hospitalizations if only their sentinel lymph node is removed.
Researchers have patented a mobile device that can detect cancer quickly, cheaply, effectively, and noninvasively. The device uses two systems: a flow system to align blood cells and an optical system to analyze and count tumor cells.
Support for economic redistribution is linked to compassion, self-interest and envy, according to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The researchers found that individuals who feel more compassionate are more likely to support redistribution, while those with high levels of envy tend to oppose it.
A new study by University of Maryland researchers finds that increased global profits come from revenue-boosting IT strategies rather than cost-cutting. The findings suggest that firms can use IT to enhance competitive agility and sense unique customer preferences, leading to higher foreign revenues and profits.
Researchers at the GW Cancer Center discovered that removing the HDAC11 enzyme from T-cells enhances their ability to attack cancer tumors. The study highlights this enzyme as a key regulator of T-cell function and a potential target for immunotherapy.
A NASA-supported experiment on the International Space Station is growing large crystals of pure enzyme to develop improved antidotes for nerve poisons. By harnessing microgravity conditions, researchers hope to create better countermeasures that can quickly reactivate the enzyme and deliver them orally.
Researchers found that hairless dogs lack specific lingual cusps on their molars and premolars due to FOXI3 gene variation. The study suggests the gene may also play a role in human tooth morphology.
A new study reveals humans are hardwired to lean to the right when kissing, with men more likely to initiate and women receiving a mirrored response to avoid discomfort. The researchers propose that this bias may be linked to differences in hormone levels and neurotransmitters between brain hemispheres.
Researchers used RFID technology to track badger movements, finding that individuals often visit multiple locations outside their social groups. This challenges the long-held assumption of territoriality and anti-social behavior in badgers.
Researchers found that using a black light helps dermatologists determine the extent of melasma, a hyperpigmentation condition that causes brown and gray patches on the face. This can lead to early detection and treatment, reducing the risk of the condition worsening over time.
A study found that restaurant placemats with healthier menu options encouraged kids to choose better food choices. Children exposed to the placemats were more likely to order healthier options like turkey sandwiches and peanut butter and banana sandwiches.
A recent study using three genetic sequencing technologies found that late-breaking mutations occurring after conception are linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These mutations, known as post-zygotic mutations, were discovered in a subset of cells and disproportionately affect the amygdala.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics found that epigenetic marks passed from mother to embryo are essential for embryogenesis. These marks, such as H3K27me3, regulate gene expression and can be inherited through generations.