Executive indiscretions can hurt the bottom line
A new study by Adam Yore found that executive indiscretions can result in significant losses for companies, with dishonesty being the most damaging, causing a 4.1% loss in shareholder value.
Science News Archive 2017 - Page 396
Browse by Month - 2017
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NASA sees another quick Tropical Cyclone demise in South Pacific
Tropical Cyclone 8P was quickly dismantled by strong wind shear, with its maximum sustained winds near 40 mph. The storm's journey was marked by rapid movement and shifting winds, ultimately leading to its transformation into an extra-tropical system.
Researchers ponder the shape of birds' eggs
Research suggests that the unique shape of birds' eggs serves to protect against impacts and contamination rather than rolling off cliff ledges. The study challenges previous explanations for the Common Guillemot's elongated egg shape.
New gene for atrazine resistance identified in waterhemp
Researchers have discovered a unique gene responsible for metabolic atrazine resistance in waterhemp, which can evolve resistance to multiple herbicides. The gene is associated with GST enzymes and has been found to make plants more resistant to herbicides.
SourceUniversity of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences·JournalPlant Biotechnology Journal·DateFeb 23, 2017
Mouse model could shed new light on immune system response to Zika virus
Scientists have developed a new mouse model with a healthy immune system to study the Zika virus. The model allows researchers to investigate the immune response to Zika, which could lead to advances in vaccine development and treatment strategies.
New link found between sex and viruses
Researchers have found a common protein involved in both sexual reproduction and viral infections, which could lead to breakthroughs in controlling parasites like malaria. The discovery reveals that the protein acts as a biochemical 'key' enabling cell fusion, and its structure is similar to that of viruses.
Researchers use laser-generated bubbles to create 3-D images in liquid
Scientists have developed a new technology that uses laser-generated bubbles to create 3D images in a liquid screen, allowing viewers to see the display from all angles. The bubbles are created using femtosecond laser pulses and can be colored by changing the illumination light.
Osteoporosis screening and treatment fall short for women with hip fractures
A large study of postmenopausal women who suffered a hip fracture found low rates of osteoporosis assessment and treatment. Regular doctor visits were the strongest predictor of osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment.
CU researchers develop model for studying rare polio-like illness
Scientists at CU School of Medicine developed an animal model for studying paralysis caused by EV-D68 virus, a rare cause of polio-like illness. The model replicates the human disease, offering hope for therapeutics and understanding its development.
Three layers of graphene reveals a new kind of magnet
Researchers discovered a new type of magnet in three layers of graphene, allowing for the observation of electronic interactions. By reducing imperfections, they enabled the development of coordinated electronic interactions, which is essential for creating electronic devices using graphene.
A new methodology quickly reveals metabolic fluxes in cells
A new tool using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measures hydrogen atoms to study metabolism and determine metabolic fluxes. This technique has been validated on human cancer cells and holds potential for understanding the mechanisms behind diseases like diabetes.
Many stroke patients do not receive life-saving therapy
A study found that minority groups, women, and residents of the 'Stroke Belt' are less likely to receive tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment for ischemic stroke. Despite efforts to increase access, disparities persist in healthcare delivery.
Anti-aging gene identified as a promising therapeutic target for older melanoma patients
Scientists at The Wistar Institute have identified an anti-aging gene that inhibits a protein involved in metastatic progression and resistance to targeted therapies. Activating this gene with an anti-diabetic drug may provide a promising adjuvant therapy for older melanoma patients.
#Unfiltered: Instagram has become a haven for people making sensitive self-disclosures
Research from Drexel University found that people with depression are using Instagram to share their feelings and experiences, attracting positive social support. The study suggests that the platform's image-centric nature allows users to express themselves in a way that feels safe and supported.
Drugs similar to aspirin, ibuprofen could help treat sepsis, study suggests
Researchers found that a subgroup of NSAIDs also act strongly on another family of enzymes called caspases, which play a key role in aggressive immune responses like sepsis. The study suggests that these drugs could be repurposed to address other conditions and develop safer versions.
E-cigarettes may pose the same or higher risk of stroke severity as tobacco smoke
Researchers found that e-cigarette exposure worsened stroke outcomes and neurological deficits in mice compared to tobacco smoke. Electronic-cigarette vaping decreased glucose uptake in the brain, which fuels brain activity. Both e-Cigarettes and tobacco smoke exposure for 30 days decreased Thrombomodulin levels, an anti-coagulant.
Kidney damage diagnosis may be inaccurate for many, suggests study
Researchers found that an initial diagnosis of acute kidney injury may have been inaccurate for many patients, as the current method of assessing kidney function may be misleading during the initial evaluation. The study identified sets of biomarkers in mouse models that could potentially detect kidney damage more reliably.
SourceColumbia University Irving Medical Center·JournalJournal of the American Society of Nephrology·DateFeb 23, 2017
Neanderthal DNA contributes to human gene expression
Researchers found that Neanderthal DNA sequences still influence human gene expression, contributing to traits such as height and susceptibility to schizophrenia or lupus. The study used the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project dataset and analyzed RNA sequences in 52 different tissues.
Meditation benefits patients with ALS
A clinical trial of 100 patients with ALS found that an eight-week mindfulness-based meditation program improved quality of life and reduced anxiety and depression. The results remained stable over a 12-month follow-up, suggesting a potential tool for increasing well-being in ALS patients.
Dating the undatables
Scientists used DNA sequences to determine the evolutionary history of Asian Horned Frogs, discovering many new species and reestimating their family's age. The results suggest that scientists may have overestimated the age of many frog families by up to 35%.
SourceSMBE Journals (Molecular Biology and Evolution and Genome Biology and Evolution)·JournalMolecular Biology and Evolution·DateFeb 23, 2017
Diabetic mice on fasting-mimicking diet repair insulin-producing pancreas cells
A new study suggests that a fasting-mimicking diet can reprogram pancreas cells in diabetic mice, enabling them to produce insulin and repair themselves. The researchers found that the diet triggered developmental reprogramming in the pancreas, rebuilding damaged areas and restoring function.
Mayo Clinic researchers discover link between aging, devastating lung disease
Researchers found that markers of cellular senescence were higher in individuals with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and senescent cell burden increased with the progression of the disease. The findings suggest targeting senescent cells could be a viable treatment option for individuals suffering from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
New gene sequencing software could aid in early detection, treatment of cancer
Researchers have developed a new computational software to determine the presence of epigenetic add-ons linked to cancer and other health conditions. The software uses nanopore sequencing technology to detect cytosine methylation in DNA, which can affect gene expression and play a role in diseases such as cancer.
UC researchers teach drones to land themselves on moving targets
UC researchers successfully employed fuzzy logic in a simulation to show it is an ideal system for navigating under dynamic conditions. The concept, also known as genetic-fuzzy, allows drones to make good navigational decisions amid statistical noise and has real-world applications such as autonomous delivery.
Children more vulnerable to psychological problems after a stroke
Research found that children with ischemic strokes exhibit notably greater mood, anxiety, somatic, oppositional defiance, and conduct problems compared to those without a stroke. Younger children who suffered strokes at ages under six had higher anxiety levels, possibly due to changes in family dynamics.
Novel mutation may be linked to prostate cancer in African-American men
A novel mutation in the DNA repair protein ALKBH7 has been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer in African American men. The study's findings suggest that this mutation may interfere with the protein's normal activity, leading to reduced ability to repair DNA damage.
Europeans brought new strains of ulcer-causing bacterium to pre-Columbian Americas
A genomic study reveals that European and African H. pylori strains intermingled in the Americas, replacing local strains and forming distinct new sub-populations adapted to local conditions.
Vast luminous nebula poses a cosmic mystery
Astronomers have found a massive, luminous nebula at the heart of a 'rotocluster' of early galaxies, which appears to be part of the cosmic web connecting galaxies. The newly discovered nebula, MAMMOTH-1, is thought to be powered by a hidden active galactic nucleus (AGN) that is strongly obscured by dust.
Impossible (but working!) recipe for ultrashort laser pulses
Researchers from Warsaw Laser Centre generate high-energy ultrashort laser pulses in an optical fiber using a novel solution. The new method is stable and ideal for industrial applications, offering improved processing times.
SourceInstitute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences·JournalOptics Letters·DateFeb 23, 2017
Removing barriers to early intervention for autistic children: A new model shows promise
In South Carolina, a two-tiered screening process identified children with autism spectrum disorder eligible for early intensive behavioral therapy, leading to a significant increase in treatment. This policy change demonstrates the importance of early intervention in improving social interaction and communication among children with ASD.
Is back pain killing us?
Research at the University of Sydney found that back pain is linked to a 13% increased risk of death in older Australians. The study controlled for shared genetic factors and suggests that spinal pain may be part of a pattern of poor health, increasing mortality risk.
Gambling adverts on TV can 'mislead' football fans
A University of Stirling study found that televised gambling adverts during English Premier League matches often promoted complex and highly specific bets, misleading football fans. The research suggests that these types of bets are difficult to accurately predict, leading to significant average losses.
PERK protein opens line of communication between inside and outside of the cell
Researchers discovered PERK protein's role in coordinating cell communication between the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. This finding opens up promising therapeutic avenues for diseases such as Alzheimer's, cancer, and diabetes.
Bored by physical therapy? Focus on citizen science instead
Patients with repetitive rehabilitative exercises can contribute to scientific projects while performing engaging physical exercises using low-cost haptic devices. The study increases commitment and effectiveness of the exercises through natural user interfaces.
UVA targets mysteries of deadly Duchenne muscular dystrophy with $2.5 million grant
Duchenne muscular dystrophy affects 1 in 3,500 boys, stealing their ability to walk by age 12 and typically killing them by mid-20s. Researchers at UVA will use a multi-scale computer model to understand how muscle damage and inflammation drive the disease.
Computing with biochemical circuits made easy
A team of researchers at Caltech has developed a software tool called Seesaw Compiler that allows users to design and build DNA circuits with ease. The tool uses a systematic wet-lab procedure to guide researchers through the process, making it accessible to novices like undergraduate students.
Researchers find new clues for nuclear waste cleanup
A Washington State University study has improved understanding of challenging nuclear waste by analyzing the chemistry of technetium-99. The research could lead to better cleanup methods, particularly addressing difficult plutonium byproducts.
Study: Viruses support photosynthesis in bacteria -- an evolutionary advantage?
Researchers found that viruses stimulate the assembly of light-harvesting complexes in host bacteria, allowing for efficient photosynthesis and energy production. This mechanism provides a selective advantage to the virus, enabling it to replicate quickly.
New polymer additive could revolutionize plastics recycling
A new multiblock polymer has been developed that can combine polyethylene and polypropylene, two materials that have different chemical structures and cannot be repurposed together. When added in small measure to a mix of the two materials, the resulting material shows superior mechanical properties.
Experts seek to jump-start vaccine development
A new article recommends establishing an institute focused on developing vaccines of public health importance without commercial interest. The proposed institute will require collaboration among stakeholders from industry, government, academia, and private foundations.
Warming temperatures could trigger starvation, extinctions in deep oceans
The deep ocean floor may experience drastic changes in biodiversity by 2100 due to warming temperatures, increased acidification, and reduced food supply. This will lead to the dominance of smaller organisms, with some species thriving while others die or migrate to other areas.
People with epilepsy: Tell us about rare risk of death
A preliminary study found that people with epilepsy are unaware of the rare but fatal complication known as Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP), which affects 1 in 1,000 adults. The study suggests that providing information about SUDEP can motivate patients to take better care of themselves and adhere to their medication.
Top professional performance through psychopathy
A recent study suggests that people with psychopathic traits, particularly fearless dominance, can exhibit exceptional work performance when educated and socialized properly. This challenges the common perception of psychopathy as solely negative, highlighting its paradoxical nature.
Study reveals proven ways to improve doctor-patient communication
A hospital-wide training program improved doctors' communication with patients, leading to a 9% increase in patients' perceptions of care. The program outlined standardized best practices for doctors to follow, including basic courtesies and scripted questions.
Receiving a clot-buster drug before reaching the hospital may reduce stroke disability
Researchers analyzed data from 658 stroke patients treated with tPA before and after hospital arrival. The study found that pre-hospital clot-busting therapy resulted in lower disability rates and more patients with zero disability. Faster treatment yields better outcomes, according to the lead researcher.
Melting polar ice, rising sea levels not only climate change dangers
A recent study by Dr. Kirk Winemiller and his Brazilian colleagues analyzed a long-term database of fish survey statistics and hydrology in the central Amazon. The research reveals that climate change is causing alterations in regional precipitation, affecting water quantity and quality and leading to changes in fish species populations.
Scientists close in on cracking 'Enigma Code' of common cold
Researchers at the University of York and others have cracked the 'Enigma Code' of the common cold virus by identifying a hidden decoding mechanism. The study suggests that a single drug could target all strains of the virus, offering a potential cure for conditions like polio and hand foot and mouth disease.
Patients registered in a heart failure registry lived longer
A Swedish study found that patients registered in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry had a remarkable 35% lower risk of death compared to unregistered patients. This improvement is attributed to better medication and quality care, with registered patients more likely to receive essential heart failure medications.
Study finds resistant infections rising, with longer hospital stays for US children
A new study published in the Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society found that resistant infections caused by bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family are increasing in U.S. children, associated with longer hospital stays and a trend towards greater risk of death.
SourcePediatric Infectious Diseases Society·JournalJournal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society·DateFeb 23, 2017
Business Secretary Greg Clark announces £100 million investment for new research institute
The UK government has invested £100 million in a new research institute, the Rosalind Franklin Institute, to develop innovative technologies and treatments for diseases. The institute will bring together experts from across the UK to tackle major health challenges and accelerate the discovery of new treatments.
Adolescent sleepiness may contribute to future crimes
A recent study links adolescent sleepiness to future crime rates, with sleepy teens more likely to commit crimes by age 29. The study suggests that poor daytime attention and social adversity may contribute to the relationship between sleepiness and crime.
Scientists present El Nino
Researchers from NSF's LTER Network will present on the effects of the 2015-16 El Nino, including its impact on aquatic ecosystems and species. The presentations will also explore the long-term implications of environmental changes and the importance of data in understanding future responses.
Nematode resistance in soybeans beneficial even at low rates of infestation
Researchers found that resistant soybean varieties yield more than susceptible ones even at low SCN infestation levels, with a yield advantage seen in environments with no SCN infestation. Despite mounting pressure from nematodes, varieties with PI 88788-resistance still provide moderate resistance and produce good yields.
SourceUniversity of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences·JournalCrop Science·DateFeb 23, 2017
Researchers pave the way for ionotronic nanodevices
Researchers at Aalto University have visualized the effect of oxygen ion migration on complex oxide materials, leading to uniform and reversible changes in electrical resistance. This finding could pave the way for the development of resistance-switching random access memories.
Flat-footed competitors have fighting advantage
A new study published in Biology Open found that the heel-down posture of great apes, including humans, provides a fighting advantage due to increased swinging force when standing with heels planted. This stance allows for stronger blows and more striking force compared to digitigrade stances used by other species.
English learners treated differently depending on where they go to school
New research reveals significant variations in how English learners are reclassified in Texas schools, impacting their educational trajectory. The study found differences in assessment data, technology incorporation, and educator understanding, leading to disparate outcomes for students.
Researchers identify patterns of protein synthesis associated with increased longevity
A study by Boston University School of Medicine researchers has identified common and unique patterns of protein synthesis associated with increased longevity. This discovery could lead to the development of new therapeutic targets for human diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease.
NASA eyes Pineapple Express soaking California
NASA's Global Precipitation Measurement mission has estimated significant rainfall from the Pineapple Express in southwestern Oregon and northern California. The storms brought heavy rains, with parts of Arizona receiving moderate to heavy precipitation as well.
Modified Atkins diet helps children with rare form of epilepsy
The modified Atkins diet has been shown to reduce seizure frequency in children with Doose syndrome by at least 50%. In a recent study, 83% of children experienced this significant reduction, making it an effective treatment option for families affected by this rare form of epilepsy.
Broad cancer vaccine may be out of reach
Research published in Genome Medicine found that a broad cancer vaccine targeting multiple neo-antigens could only be effective for less than 0.3% of the population, based on analysis of over 60,000 unique tumors.