A team of scientists at UC San Diego has found that lysosomes can travel to distant parts of neurons' dendrites and branch-like areas, playing a key role in remodeling and plasticity. This discovery may provide new insights into the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München researchers have developed a method for producing semi-conducting nanocrystals with controlled size, enabling the creation of color-tuned LEDs. The new method uses perovskite-based nanocrystals and allows for high color fidelity and industrial-scale production.
A new mobile program significantly improved adherence to recommended safe sleep habits for infants, including back sleeping and room-sharing without bed-sharing. The program's rates were higher than those achieved by interventions tested in previous research.
Researchers emphasize the importance of primary prevention for Type 2 Diabetes patients to reduce heart disease risk, highlighting the need for evidence-based guidelines and lifestyle management strategies. Proven medical therapies and lifestyle interventions can significantly reduce cardiovascular burden among these patients.
Headwater streams, often overlooked due to their small size, have a significant impact on river ecosystems. Research highlights the importance of improved mapping, understanding resistance and resilience, and assessing impacts from human alterations to land use and climate.
A new study refines death certificate data to provide more accurate estimates of opioid and heroin fatalities, resulting in significant shifts in state-by-state mortality rates. The corrected rates show a 24% higher national growth rate for opioids and a 22% higher rate for heroin.
Using marine reserves can allow fishermen to catch more of the profitable fish they want while protecting weaker fish that can be caught inadvertently by fishing gear. This approach could also help sustainably manage global fisheries and rebuild depleted species.
The University of Pennsylvania is launching a new training program for state and local governments to develop integrated data systems, enabling more effective policy analysis. The program will assist 10 jurisdictions in developing governance processes, legal frameworks, and data plans.
Researchers manipulate brain connections to enhance or impair cognitive functions, offering potential therapeutic applications for psychiatric disorders and learning disabilities.
A University of Utah-led team analyzed archaic DNA to reconstruct the early history of humans, revealing an evolutionary story that challenges traditional views. The study found that Neanderthals and Denisovans nearly went extinct after separating from modern humans, but later diverged and grew into tens of thousands of individuals.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that both bisphosphonates and denosumab improve bone mineral density in men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy. Further trials are needed to confirm fracture reduction outcomes.
A new inorganic adhesive method was developed to overcome the challenges of using organic adhesive in cryogenic adsorption pumps. The method involves combining membranes of metals with good compatibility, creating a strong adhesive force. The new pump achieved seven times larger pumping speed compared to previous models.
Researchers hope IBM's Watson will help people with cancer by providing detailed information on genetic mutations and targeted therapies. With Watson, pathologists can analyze multiple genes simultaneously, including those that are not currently tested, to provide more personalized care to patients.
Researchers have discovered a new biomarker associated with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), a group of rare genetic disorders. Elevated CSF spermine levels were linked to CNS symptoms in patients, providing a potential diagnostic tool and target for novel therapeutics.
A study of age and crime statistics from Taiwan suggests that cultural factors, such as collectivist societies and parental supervision, may influence the age-crime relationship. The findings challenge the long-held assumption that biology drives teen criminal behavior, instead highlighting the importance of cultural influences.
A dedicated transport system has been characterized that delivers specific mRNAs to active synapses, allowing for the modulation of synaptic junctions and enabling learning and memory. The key factor involved in this transport binds specifically to regions of its mRNA cargo lacking protein-coding information.
A study by RTI International found that low Medicaid payment rates discourage residential care providers from serving Medicaid beneficiaries, limiting access to community-based care. This results in a reliance on nursing homes, which can be more expensive for taxpayers.
Two studies led by Harvard Medical School researchers found that few people actually use price shopping tools to choose lower-cost healthcare options, despite growing interest in the idea. The research suggests that consumerism may not be as effective as believed in driving down healthcare costs.
A study by Cathy Bradley found that small cash incentives and interactions with health program coordinators can increase primary care visits among low-income individuals, reducing emergency department use and improving patient care. The study showed a significant reduction in costs overall.
Researchers discovered gold nanoparticles can boost lung cancer treatment effects and reduce side effects by precisely targeting diseased cells. A tiny device containing these particles could potentially be used in humans to activate chemotherapy directly in tumors.
A systematic review found that lifestyle-modification programs have no significant impact on body weight in Arab countries, highlighting the need for adapted treatment programs. The studies cited methodological flaws, including linguistic and socioeconomic context neglect, and sociocultural obstacles to female participation.
Researchers developed Tissue Nanotransfection (TNT) technology to generate any cell type for treatment within the patient's own body. The technology can repair injured tissue and restore organ function in aging tissues, including organs, blood vessels, and nerve cells.
The five sunshield layers of NASA's James Webb Space Telescope have been fully installed, providing precise temperature control for the telescope's infrared sensors. The layers work together to reduce temperatures by approximately 570 degrees Fahrenheit, ensuring optimal performance for observing distant objects in the universe.
Health insurance coverage in China rebounded from 32.3% in 1991 to nearly universal coverage of 94.7% in 2011. The study found that increasing health insurance rates led to higher treatment-seeking for chronic conditions such as diabetes and hypertension.
Rodeo Therapeutics aims to develop drugs that promote tissue repair using 15-PGDH inhibitors, which have shown promise in animal models for treating inflammatory diseases and bone marrow transplants. The company plans to focus on increasing prostaglandin E2 levels to support tissue stem cell production.
A new computer program correctly identifies depressed individuals from their social media photos 70% of the time, according to a study. The program uses features such as photo color, comments, and face presence to predict depression. Future research aims to refine the model and address data privacy concerns.
A new study suggests a European stockfish trade existed for 1,000 years, with cod bones from Haithabu providing evidence of fish caught in northern Norway being consumed on mainland Europe. The findings support the idea that traded fish played a significant role in knitting the European continent together economically.
Expanded Medicaid eligibility under ACA results in cost savings for federal government by reducing reliance on Supplemental Security Income program. Participation in SSI has dropped by about 3% in states with expanded Medicaid, generating savings at federal and state levels.
The team achieved an unprecedented wavelength and demonstrated the potential to capture slow-motion video of electrons in atoms and molecules with attosecond light pulses. This breakthrough has significant implications for improving the efficiency of solar panels by understanding photosynthesis.
A study published in Hormones & Cancer found that obese rats with sensitive androgen receptors had more aggressive tumors, even after anti-estrogen treatment. Researchers identified inflammation and cytokine interleukin 6 as key factors contributing to this sensitivity, highlighting the potential for personalized therapeutic strategies.
Researchers successfully performed thermonuclear measurements of nuclear reaction cross-sections in extreme plasma conditions, replicating previous accelerator experiments. This achievement lays groundwork for studying phenomena in stellar interiors, such as plasma electron screening.
A new AI algorithm developed by MIT researchers uses radio signals to monitor sleep stages without sensors attached to the body. The device analyzes reflections of radio waves off the person's body, eliminating irrelevant information using deep neural networks.
A study published in The FASEB Journal found that the salivary peptide histatin-1 promotes angiogenesis, a critical process for efficient wound healing. Histatin-1 was also shown to increase cell adhesion and migration, opening new avenues for understanding oral wound healing and potentially improving treatments for other types of wounds.
A new study published in the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene found that rapid diagnostic tests for malaria are reducing the need for antimalarial medications but may also lead to an increase in antibiotic prescriptions. The research analyzed over 500,000 patient visits across malaria-endemic regions and revealed that ...
Researchers found that stress levels and time since an adverse event can lead to the misidentification of harmless cues as threats, exacerbating anxiety disorders. The study provides new insights into how the human mind generalizes fear and could inform better treatments for PTSD.
Researchers discovered that a single protein from Group A Streptococcus bacteria can wipe out macrophages but not other immune cells, triggering an early warning system. This finding has implications for vaccine design and treatment of toxic shock syndrome.
Researchers found that bilingual infants can differentiate between words in different languages, even at a young age. The study suggests that bilinguals have an efficient processing strategy to prioritize the currently heard language when switching between languages.
Machine learning scientists at Disney Research developed a dynamic word embeddings model that uncovers how the meanings of words change over time. The model, which integrates neural networks and statistics used in rocket control systems, detects semantic change throughout history by analyzing semantic vector spaces.
New research from the University of Leicester suggests that greater access to higher education was a predominant factor in the 2016 EU referendum outcome. An increase of 3% in British adults accessing higher education could have reversed the result, while a decrease in turnout in England and Wales may also have changed the outcome.
A new micropropulsion system for CubeSats uses an innovative design of tiny nozzles that release precise bursts of water vapor to maneuver the spacecraft. The FEMTA thruster technology demonstrates a thrust-to-power ratio of 230 micronewtons per watt, making it a viable method for attitude control of CubeSats.
Researchers found that healthy LDL particles become more flexible under pressure, while disease-prone particles lose flexibility. This difference in behavior may be attributed to varying lipid compositions.
A 62-year-old man developed copper deficiency myelopathy (CDM) due to excessive zinc intake from denture fixative. The condition caused numbness, pain, and weakness in his legs, leading to complete loss of feeling.
A recent study from Guam found that non-native Acacia trees alter the soil chemistry and root-zone nutrient budgets, causing collateral ecosystem deviations. The results contribute to ongoing global discussions about afforestation for revegetating tropical degraded habitats.
Researchers have developed a metal-organic framework (MOF) material that can regulate humidity levels within a specific range. The material, Y-shp-MOF-5, takes up water in dry air but releases it when the relative humidity falls below 45%. This autonomous behavior maintains optimal humidity levels between 45-65%.
A team at RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia has developed an asphalt mixture with encapsulated cigarette butts, reducing thermal conductivity and handling heavy traffic. The innovation could solve a huge waste problem while also mitigating the urban heat island effect common in cities.
Researchers at King Abdullah University of Science & Technology have identified three traditional Saudi plants with potent anticancer substances, including topoisomerase inhibitors. The study suggests these compounds could be used to develop novel cancer treatments, but more research is needed before they can be tested in humans.
Research suggests that loneliness and social isolation can significantly increase the risk of premature mortality, with effects comparable to those of obesity. The American Psychological Association reports that approximately 42.6 million adults in the US experience chronic loneliness, which can lead to a 50% reduced risk of early death.
Studies suggest that experiences of discrimination make feelings of insignificance worse, predicting an attraction to fundamentalist groups. Marginalization is also linked to lower levels of cultural integration, perpetuating a cycle of prejudice and extremism.
International researchers developed a mathematical model predicting docetaxel discontinuation due to adverse events, incorporating five clinical factors. The combined model stratified patients into low and high risk groups, with the high group having more than double the likelihood of discontinuation.
Researchers at MIT developed a new design system that catalogs physical properties of tiny cube clusters, enabling computationally efficient evaluation of macroscopic designs. The system explores the entire space of properties to determine printable clusters, which can be used to optimize object materials and properties.
Scientists at Fuzhou University have created a macroscopic aerogel from carbonitride nanomaterials that catalyzes the water-splitting reaction under visible-light irradiation. The material offers excellent structural and electronic properties, making it suitable for artificial photosynthesis.
A study in Physiological and Biochemical Zoology reveals that 32% of bird species have complex plumage patterns produced by melanins, not carotenoids. Melanins control pigmentation on a cellular level, while carotenoids require dietary intake and specialized structures.
Researchers from Helmholtz Munich found that cellular senescence in lung epithelial cells can contribute to the development and worsening of IPF. Senescent cells secrete mediators that promote fibrosis and impair lung function by preventing cell division.
Researchers used Next-Generation Sequencing to identify a new viral lineage distantly related to herpesviruses in fish genomes. The discovery could lead to the identification of viruses in other species, potentially preventing outbreaks before they happen.
A team of scientists has developed a way to produce 3D data showing the cardiac conduction system, enabling more accurate computer models of the heartbeat. This breakthrough will improve our understanding of troublesome heart rhythms like atrial fibrillation and help surgeons design operations with less risk of damaging precious tissue.
A study of over 2,500 people found that higher light intensity leads to worse decisions and increased inconsistency in monetary gambles. Luminance also influences risk attitudes, with individuals more likely to avoid known risks on high-light days.
A study projects that two-thirds of Europeans will be affected by extreme weather events annually by the end of the century. Heat waves are expected to cause 99% of all future weather-related deaths, increasing from 2700 deaths/year in 1981-2010 to 151500 deaths/year in 2071-2100.
Dr. Warren Ruder is developing microparticles carrying engineered bacteria known as 'smart biomaterials' to reprogram mammalian cell signaling and influence disease outcomes. His goal is to use these hybrid biomaterials to better understand how cell signaling works and affect many diseases.
A GW researcher argues that the human genus may have originated by chance, rather than in response to environmental changes. Computer simulations suggest that clusters of species originations could be caused by random fluctuations, rather than a single broad-scale event.
Hybrid materials combining organic and inorganic components show promise for various applications, including optics and biomedicine. The materials display enhanced photophysical properties, such as anisotropic response to polarized light and artificial antenna effects.