Researchers at WashU Medicine found that a specific bacterium, Lactobacillus reuteri, can induce the development of tolerance-promoting immune cells in mice when fed a tryptophan-rich diet. This could lead to relief for people with inflammatory bowel disease.
Research examines how gastric emptying rates affect postprandial glucose levels and incretin hormone secretion. The study reveals the gastrointestinal tract's contribution to insulin regulation in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine are developing a vaccine to protect against Shigella and certain E. coli, leading causes of diarrheal diseases in young children and travelers. The $2.47 million grant will support translation from an animal-tested prototype to a human-ready vaccine for Phase 1 clinical trials.
During the total solar eclipse on August 21, UMass Lowell faculty and students will conduct research on space weather using high-tech instruments. The goal is to better predict the weather and enhance GPS, satellite, and shortwave-radio communications.
A University of Cincinnati survey reveals that many veterans face difficulties in the civilian workforce, including struggles with job fit, corporate practices, and adapting to a new culture. The research highlights the need for support systems and training programs to help veterans overcome these challenges and succeed in their careers.
Researchers found that dopamine-producing neurons directly control the brain's circadian center, regulating eating cycles and metabolism. This discovery may lead to new treatments for jet lag, shift work, and related pathologies.
Tens of thousands of years of human impact on tropical forests have had significant consequences, including extinctions, soil erosion, and reduced biodiversity. However, indigenous agricultural strategies can minimize environmental damage when implemented sustainably.
Researchers found a higher prevalence of cancer at baseline screening in individuals with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, highlighting the feasibility of a comprehensive cancer screening protocol. The study demonstrated that whole body MRI screening can detect new primary cancers in up to 7 percent of patients.
The COHERENT experiment, using the world's smallest neutrino detector, has found a compelling evidence for a neutrino interaction process predicted by theorists 43 years ago. The researchers detected coherent elastic scattering of low-energy neutrinos off nuclei, which is a long-sought confirmation in particle physics.
HRL Laboratories has developed a reversible alkali atom source that runs at low power and low voltage, enabling smaller and more efficient atomic clocks. The device can capture and cool rubidium atoms near absolute zero, reducing measurement noise and increasing accuracy.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has awarded a grant to advance emergency care in Southern California. The Strategies to Innovate EmeRgENcy Care Clinical Trials Network (SIREN), led by LA BioMed, aims to conduct large-scale clinical trials to improve patient outcomes for cardiac arrest, trauma, and other medical emergencies.
A Massachusetts General Hospital study found that deficits in the sense of smell are common among patients with serious kidney disease and correlate with poor nutrition. A proof-of-concept trial of a potential treatment for these olfactory deficits showed promising results.
A new study suggests that electrical grounding can moderate preterm infants' electromagnetic exposure in the NICU, improving their health outcomes. Vagal tone, measured by heart rate variability, increased by 67% after grounding, indicating improved autonomic nervous system function.
Engineered skin grafts from stem cells can regulate blood glucose levels and reverse insulin resistance in diabetic mice. The approach, using CRISPR gene editing, has shown promise for potential long-term treatment of human patients with diabetes.
A mobile learning app using game elements such as leaderboards and digital badges was found to positively impact student academic performance, engagement, and retention. On average, app users achieved higher marks than non-users, with a 7.03% increase in grades.
A Caltech team has identified a new additive that selectively converts CO2 into fuels containing multiple carbon atoms, including ethylene, ethanol, and propanol. The reaction resulted in an 80% conversion rate, with only 20% going into hydrogen and methane.
Research in rural Kenya finds that cultural beliefs about disability are being replaced by medical explanations, leading to reduced stigma and improved understanding. The study reveals that increased contact with disabled individuals can help break down stereotypes and promote inclusivity.
Swansea University scientists have made a groundbreaking observation of spectral line shapes in antihydrogen, a key step towards understanding the origin of matter. The team has also precise determined the antihydrogen hyperfine splitting and measured its first transition line shape.
A drug called URMC-099 reversed liver inflammation and scarring in mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The research suggests that the drug may help treat a growing health concern in the US, affecting over 64 million people.
The Standard Model of cosmology has been tested to its limits by the Dark Energy Survey, with results showing that the universe clumps and expands as predicted by our best models. The survey's researchers analyzed light from 26 million galaxies to study how structures have changed over the past 7 billion years.
A comprehensive review of published research on childhood obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (oSDB) identified key findings on diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Despite an increase in studies, there remains a need for holistic approaches to research, including more health service delivery, outcomes, and economics-focused research.
Researchers have developed a mouse model to study Zika virus transmission, finding that the virus can be transmitted sexually from males to females and vertically from pregnant women to their fetuses. The study suggests that the placenta may be a key barrier in preventing Zika virus infection of the fetus.
Research by American Psychological Association highlights the negative impact of fat shaming on patients' physical health and well-being. Studies show that overweight individuals may receive inadequate medical treatment, including under-dosing of antibiotics and chemotherapy, due to weight-based assumptions.
Animals use color in diverse ways, including for reproduction and predator-prey interactions, with species-specific purposes in mind. Mantis shrimp have four times as many colour receptors as humans, allowing them to perceive ultraviolet light.
A new study reveals that fish-scale geckos have a hidden strength in their fragile skin, containing bony deposits known as osteoderms. The geckos' ability to drop their skin as a defense mechanism is paradoxically paired with the presence of armor-like osteoderms.
A new record of the Oriental eye fly transmitting conjunctivitis has been discovered in China. Three new species from the same genus were also identified, adding to the understanding of these disease-causing insects.
A group of 11 organizations has issued a statement on germline genome editing in humans, recommending against human pregnancy-related editing and supporting publicly funded in vitro research. The statement outlines scientific and societal steps necessary before implementation of such clinical applications is considered.
A newly discovered armored dinosaur genus exhibits countershading, suggesting it faced predation stress from meat-eating dinosaurs. The 18-foot-long Borealopelta markmitchelli had reddish-brown-pigmented skin with countershading across its body.
The Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging has published appropriate use criteria (AUC) for hepatobiliary scintigraphy in abdominal pain. The new guidelines aim to ensure cost-effective and appropriate utilization of advanced diagnostic imaging services, helping referring physicians make informed decisions.
Researchers at Penn State have received a grant to develop the first new taxonomy for species of the genus Fusarium in 30 years, aiming to improve identification and classification of the genus. The project will produce a comprehensive monograph with digital connectivity and access to DNA sequence data.
Researchers identified a new genetic mutation that prevents sperm production in five men from a single Bedouin family. The mutation inactivates the function of the gene TDRD9, which normally protects full DNA sequence in sperm, leading to azoospermia.
A new study published in The Lancet suggests that a diabetes drug may have disease-modifying potential to treat Parkinson's disease, improving motor function in patients. Researchers found that people with Parkinson's who used exenatide for one year performed better in movement tests than those who injected a placebo.
A new study by University of Illinois researchers found that people are more lenient towards politicians' lies when they align with a shared moral goal. The study suggests that lying to uphold a morally right stance is perceived as acceptable and necessary, even if it means compromising honesty.
Researchers detect coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS) using a specialized setup at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The observation validates theoretical predictions and paves the way for technological applications such as non-intrusive nuclear reactor monitoring.
A collection of articles on hereditary cancer syndromes, including Li-Fraumeni and Lynch syndromes, has been published in JAMA Oncology. The studies focus on the effectiveness of intensive cancer surveillance programs for individuals with these rare syndromes.
A new study by psychologists at the University of Kent shows that arts engagement predicts 'prosociality' and volunteering. The research found that people's greater engagement in the arts was more strongly associated with charitable giving and volunteering than demographic variables such as age, education, or income.
Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory have discovered a new class of low-cost fuel cell catalysts that match the performance of precious metal-based catalysts. Direct atomic-level observations have provided unique insights into their efficiency potential.
Researchers have identified serotonin's role in inhibiting a specific brain cell type, which may lead to faster-acting and more effective antidepressants. By targeting this protein, scientists hope to develop more targeted treatments with fewer side effects.
A new study published in Frontiers in Marine Science reveals current threats to ocean health, including climate change, marine plastic pollution, and conservation efforts. The research also highlights the importance of integrated coastal zone management and marine protected areas in mitigating these issues.
A new study by ICRAF and Princeton University proposes payment schemes for rural communities to protect and restore China's native forests on collectively owned land. The researchers argue that existing policies neglect these lands and fail to promote biodiversity and ecosystem health.
Scientists analyzed ancient maize genomes to understand its adoption at high elevations. They found that desirable phenotypes were selected for by high-altitude farmers over thousands of years, rather than being introduced from modern-day Mexico.
A recent study by San Diego State University researchers found that the use of swear words in books has increased significantly over time, reflecting a growing value on individual freedom. The study analyzed tens of thousands of books published between 1950 and 2008 and discovered a steadily rising trend of taboo words being used.
A team of researchers from the University of Texas at Austin has developed novel approaches to information retrieval that leverage artificial intelligence, crowdsourcing, and supercomputing. Their method combines input from multiple annotators to determine the best overall annotation for a given text, improving accuracy in extracting d...
A new study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases found that molecular tests detecting genetic mutations rendering TB resistant to drugs may be equally reliable as traditional culture-based tests in predicting treatment outcomes. The research, led by Harvard Medical School scientists, used cough secretion samples from 171 patients ...
Matthew S. Kayser, MD, PhD, a Penn Medicine assistant professor, has received a Clinical Scientist Development Award from the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation to explore biomarkers for treatment response in insomnia and depression. The grant will support his research project using a metabolomics platform.
Tropical Storm Nalgae is experiencing wind shear affecting its eastern side with cloud top temperatures reaching -63 degrees Fahrenheit. The storm is also hindered by an upper atmospheric system inhibiting development in other quadrants.
Researchers found that treating patients with IdeS drug before transplantation significantly reduced donor-specific antibodies, allowing successful kidney transplants. The enzyme, produced by Streptococcus pyogenes, can remove organ-rejecting antibodies, making kidney transplantation possible.
Researchers found that optimally designed vertical axis wind turbines can financially compete with fossil-fuel based power plants in urban and suburban areas. The study suggests the potential to spearhead net-zero energy buildings or cities through efficient energy harvesting.
Researchers have identified a novel botulinum neurotoxin, BoNT/X, with potential to treat various medical conditions, including muscle spasms and chronic migraine. The discovery enables the development of diagnostic methods and treatments, facilitating countermeasures against exposure to toxic amounts of the substance.
Researchers found that batters follow different visual strategies when swinging versus taking a pitch, with more eye movement when not swinging and larger head movements when swinging. The study provides new insights into batting strategy at the plate.
Researchers used active machine learning to discover new conditions for synthesizing gigantic polyoxometalate molecules. The algorithm outperformed human experimenters, covering a broader range of the 'crystallization space' and discovering unexpected crystals.
A new study published in Neurology found that most newborns with epilepsy (83%) have identifiable genetic causes, which can help guide treatment and connect families with condition-specific support groups. Genetic testing can provide comfort and closure for families, allow for tailored treatment, and improve diagnostic outcomes.
The Institute of Railway Research (IRR) at the University of Huddersfield will develop rolling stock with enhanced durability, energy efficiency, and reduced maintenance costs. The £92 million UK Railway Research and Innovation Network (UKRRIN) will accelerate technology adoption for next-generation rolling stock.
Researchers develop a potential stem cell treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis by harvesting lung stem cells noninvasively and multiplying them in the lab. The therapy has shown promising results in treating IPF in rodent models.
A simpler biopsy procedure has been developed to reduce stress and improve patient care during gastrointestinal endoscopy. The new method, called endoscopic multiple biopsy (MB), allows for faster diagnosis with equal quality results.
A study of 330 undergraduate men found that early exposure to pornography was significantly associated with certain sexist attitudes, including a need for power over women and promiscuity. The researchers discovered an unexpected positive correlation between age of first exposure and adherence to playboy masculine norms.
Researchers analyzed DNA samples from six patches of Russian knapweed to understand its spread methods. The study found that seeds were the primary source of new patches, while local invasions were spreading from root growth.
University of Chicago physicists create thin-core vortices and measure total helicity for the first time, showing it maintains a constant value during viscous fluid flow. The study overcomes experimental challenges by precisely positioning dye using a Sharpie marker, advancing understanding of vortex behavior.
A survey found that many physicians are unwilling to increase their use of buprenorphine, citing lack of time and reimbursement as major concerns. Providing access to counseling services for patients and mentoring for physicians could help boost prescription rates.
Researchers from Hokkaido University successfully treated mice with atopic dermatitis using HLA-G1, a protein that inhibits immune responses. The treatment showed marked improvement in skin lesions and reduced immune response compared to untreated mice.