A recent study found a 19.2% increase in cigarette smoking among pregnant teenagers following the enactment of minimum legal sale ages for e-cigarettes. The policy had the greatest effects on the youngest pregnant women, with an average underage pregnant woman smoking about half a cigarette extra per day.
Scientists at Linköping University and the University of Borås developed a new technology that turns fabric into muscular tissue, allowing it to actuate like muscle fibers. The 'textile muscles' can be integrated into clothing, providing power for devices like exoskeletons, and opening up new opportunities for people with disabilities
A team of mathematicians from the University of Averio combined past and future operators to create a new theory for fractional calculus, which can predict how variables change and react. This breakthrough has implications for various technologies and applications, including information exchange and automation.
A new study shows that specialized physical therapy exercises can improve the curve of the spine, muscle endurance and quality of life in teens with scoliosis. Researchers advocate for conservative management to be added to standard care.
Researchers at Huntsman Cancer Institute identified a protein called Macrophage Stimulating Protein (MSP) that causes bone destruction in metastatic breast cancer. A new drug, Ron inhibitor, blocks the activity of MSP, showing promising results in early clinical trials.
A new study found that providing nutritious meals to HIV-positive individuals and those with Type 2 diabetes improved medication adherence, reduced depression, and increased optimal blood sugar control. Participants consumed fewer fats, more fruits and vegetables, and lost weight, while also experiencing fewer symptoms of depression.
Dr. Joseph P. Mizgerd, a Boston University School of Medicine professor, has received an NIH award to study the biology of pneumonia, which kills more children worldwide than any other disease. He aims to advance lung defense against pneumonia and identify prevention strategies for chronic disease of aging.
Researchers using big data and CRISPR analyze the immune system's minute-by-minute response to viruses, revealing a step-by-step reaction. This approach provides crucial insights into how the body fights off infections.
Researchers at Oregon State University have discovered a new order of insect, Aethiocarenodea, featuring a 100-million-year-old specimen with a triangular head and alien-like features. The species has been named Aethiocarenus burmanicus and is believed to be an omnivore with special adaptations to survive in ancient forests.
The Danforth Center is expanding its research program to optimize breeding strategies for grain sorghum, a critical source of nutrition for millions in Sub-Saharan Africa. The grant will support the development and deployment of advanced phenotyping and breeding technologies.
Gabriela González, a professor at LSU and LIGO scientist, receives the 2017 Rossi Prize for her groundbreaking work on gravitational waves. Her discoveries have opened a new era in gravitational-wave astronomy.
Researchers demonstrate that artificial cells can communicate seamlessly with real cells through chemical signals, passing a basic laboratory Turing test. The artificial cells showed they could sense and respond to molecules from various bacterial species, including V. fischeri, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa.
AGU evaluates shifting science landscape and climate concerns, including air pollution's impact on desert southwest. Researchers also explore Mars' possible warming due to greenhouse effect.
Scientists discover that a minuscule change in brain connections between detecting hawthorn and apple odours may be the cause for the split amongst these fruit flies. This finding suggests that even small changes in nervous system can have significant effects on species, particularly in response to introduced foreign species.
A team of researchers at New Jersey Institute of Technology has developed spectral and co-spectral techniques to measure changes in subsurface water temperature and salinity. The methods, validated with a year's worth of data from two beaches in Alaska, can help coastal scientists anticipate changes in coastal ecosystems.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE found that diabetes accounts for 12% of deaths in the United States, significantly higher than previously thought. This increase is attributed to the growing prevalence of diabetes, which has risen by nearly 300% since 1980, affecting over 21 million Americans.
A new program, Early Check, offers free genetic testing for up to 120,000 families annually, aiming to improve health outcomes and scientific knowledge. The testing can help detect conditions like spinal muscular atrophy and fragile X syndrome, providing peace of mind for parents while also enabling research on potential treatments.
Scientists have successfully created a photonic chip that can emit directional photons, paving the way for complex quantum networks. This breakthrough enables full control over photons and has significant implications for quantum communication and information processing.
A preclinical model reveals that congenital heart disease disrupts cerebral oxygen supply, leading to reduced cortical growth and abnormal neurogenesis in the subventricular zone. Restoring NSPCs' neurogenic potential may help lessen long-term neurological deficits in children with CHD.
Patient navigators are a valuable resource for American Indians and Alaskan Natives with cancer, helping them overcome barriers to diagnosis and care. Researchers found that patients working with a navigator were almost four times more likely to have a definitive diagnosis within a year of an abnormal screening result.
Researchers at Nagoya University have uncovered a novel brain circuit for hunger responses during starvation, revealing the role of neuropeptide Y signals in controlling heat production by brown adipose tissue. The study found that inhibitory GABAergic inputs from medullary reticular neurons inhibit BAT thermogenesis.
Researchers found that fit female college students with normal iron levels achieved higher grade point averages than their unfit counterparts.
Researchers at UBC Okanagan campus found that safety codes can result in overly reinforced bridges, wasting materials and increasing construction expenses. The study suggests a new approach to seismic design, prioritizing self-centering capability and reducing the need for costly demolitions.
Researchers studied asteroid Chelyabinsk to determine properties necessary for deflection missions. The study found that an asteroid's composition, internal structure, density, and physical properties are crucial in determining the success of a kinetic projectile launch.
A new study found that adding bezlotoxumab to standard antibiotic treatment can reduce the risk of recurrent Clostridium difficile (C.diff) infections by 37%. This reduction in recurrent infections can lead to fewer hospital admissions, reduced costs for the NHS, and possibly a decrease in deaths.
A new study published in Experimental Physiology found that sprint interval training is a powerful stimulus to elicit cellular remodelling in both men and women. The research, conducted at McMaster University, showed that changes in gene expression over a short time-scale are similar between the sexes.
Researchers developed an acoustofluidic chip to concentrate fluorescently labeled biomarkers using ultrasound, enabling the detection of smaller particles and boost their signal. The technique shows promise for point-of-care diagnostic applications, including the potential analysis via smartphone apps.
The quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) is expected to provide health benefits in most parts of the world by reducing the burden of influenza. By targeting all four circulating strains, QIV may reduce medical costs and save lives compared to the trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV).
Research from Iowa State University shows that video game ratings can effectively reduce violent play in children when used by parents to guide purchases and set rules. Parents who use the rating system and mediate their child's play are less likely to experience negative behaviors, such as acting out or misbehaving.
Researchers at the University of Illinois used a novel imaging technique to visualize microscopic shifts in metabolism and vesicle production in tumor cells. The study found that these changes can precede larger-scale events in the tumor environment, potentially preparing the way for cancerous cells to spread and metastasize.
Short bowel syndrome results in significant changes to gene expression, including increased cell proliferation and immune response. The study provides a map of these alterations, potentially leading to new therapies for SBS patients.
Researchers have quantified social genetic effects on over 100 phenotypes in laboratory mice, finding that up to 29% of variation is explained by the social environment.
A recent study published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry found that stink bugs can contaminate wine with stress compounds, affecting its quality. The researchers discovered that pressing is a key step in releasing these compounds, and that limiting stink bugs to three per grape cluster could improve wine quality.
A new study finds that CMS and care providers lack predictive models needed to assess risks patients face after joint replacement. Hospital systems are apprehensive of getting penalized inadvertently because CJR's current payment model does not include a risk adjustment method.
Researchers have grown engineered heart tissue using a 3-D printer, improving heart function and decreasing dead tissue after a heart attack. The novel technique holds promise for the clinical use of 3-D-printing technology in preventing heart failure after a heart attack.
A new study reveals that anxiety in postmenopausal women is associated with increased severity of physical symptoms like hot flashes and sleep disruption. The study found a significant link between anxiety and urogenital symptoms, highlighting the importance of screening for anxiety to improve quality of life.
A new study found that delaying marijuana use until age 17 is associated with better brain function and fewer cognitive declines. Adolescents who started using cannabis earlier showed poorer verbal skills and vocabulary, as well as difficulties with problem-solving and daily adaptation.
Researchers found that nonresident seabirds concentrate their foraging efforts near Cordell Bank along the continental shelf break in Central California. This study identifies high-use foraging sites as a critical component of ocean conservation efforts.
A southern hemisphere moth species has been found to be resident in central Portugal, with a possible link to imported timber from South America. The species, Borkhausenia crimnodes, is likely to feed on decomposed plants and may exhibit invasive behavior.
Researchers have identified two specific dendritic cell groups, cDC1 and cDC2, present in human tumor tissues that stimulate strong anti-tumor immune responses. These cells show promise for developing innovative cancer immunotherapies by vaccinating tumors with the patient's own immune system.
A recent survey of primary care physicians found that 15% support the complete repeal of Obamacare, lower than the general public's percentage. The majority, 74%, favor changes to the law, such as creating a public option or increasing health savings accounts.
A systematic review found that healthcare providers frequently disagree on whether an individual is incapable of working. A new method, function-oriented assessment, has been developed to improve the assessment process for people with mental disorders.
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has pledged $279 million to the University of Washington's Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) over the next decade. This investment will enable IHME to provide critical data on global health trends, informing policymakers' decisions and improving population health worldwide.
Researchers confirmed a theoretical possibility of dual liquid states in sub-zero water and other tetrahedral molecules. A study using DNA origami and simulation revealed that such structures could exhibit a high-density and low-density liquid phase, separated by an empty lattice.
A study published in Animal Behaviour documents changes in the 'alalā's vocal repertoire, including a reduction in alarm calls and territory broadcasts. This cultural shift may be related to differences in behavior necessary for survival in protected aviaries.
A randomized trial will investigate canagliflozin's effects on kidney function decline and provide benefits to diabetic patients. The study aims to slow kidney damage and inform treatment decisions.
A large international study has linked early puberty and childlessness to an increased risk of early menopause. Women who had their first period before age 11 were 80% more likely to experience premature or early menopause.
Researchers at San Francisco State University developed a new study that models nonresident seabird foraging distributions to inform ocean zoning. The study could help protect foraging seabirds along the Central California coastline and prioritize conservation efforts.
Researchers define how anti-cancer molecules work, binding to microtubules and destabilizing cell growth. The study's findings can be used to optimize and develop new, safer drugs.
Two renowned medical researchers, Sanford Markowitz and Mukesh K. Jain, receive $6.7 million awards from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to advance studies on colon cancer and age-related cardiovascular risks.
Scientists developed a bioinspired adhesive material that can be controlled remotely by UV light, transporting micro-objects with high precision. The material consists of mushroom-shaped adhesive microstructures and elastic porous material, allowing for reversible control and detachment.
A recent study revealed that climate change is expected to disrupt the balance of nutrients in mountain ecosystems, potentially leading to changes in plant growth and biodiversity. The research found that decreasing elevation can serve as a surrogate indicator for climate warming, leading to increased nitrogen availability in soil.
Researchers developed novel brain-mapping techniques to identify subtle changes in skull and brain shapes, giving a greater insight into conditions. The study focused on Cavalier King Charles Spaniel breed and identified characteristics that cause painful Chiari malformation and Syringomyelia disorder.
Researchers at Stanford University and the University of Tokyo successfully transplanted functional mouse islets into diabetic mice, reversing their condition with minimal immunosuppression. The study suggests a potential approach to generate genetically matched human organs in large animals.
Healthcare professionals have high variation in judgement when assessing the same claimant for disability benefits. The use of standardised approaches to guide judgment is strongly associated with higher agreement, highlighting the need for more research and improved assessment methods.
Researchers found that myokines enhance human cognitive function, plan to use this feature to correct conditions such as autism and memory disorders without medication. They conducted comprehensive studies involving volunteers and animals, including mice, to investigate the production of myokines.
A study of 351 patients with EGFR mutant lung cancer and brain metastases found that radiation therapy followed by targeted medicines resulted in the longest overall survival, with median survival times of 46 months and 30 months respectively. The findings suggest that a more aggressive approach to treating brain metastases may be the ...
A study at Columbia University Medical Center found that a missing CRKL gene causes kidney and urinary tract defects in people with DiGeorge syndrome. The team analyzed genomic data from over 2,600 children with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract.
A Stanford-developed deep learning algorithm accurately diagnoses skin lesions as well as board-certified dermatologists, with potential to provide life-saving smartphone diagnosis. The algorithm was trained on a database of nearly 130,000 images and tested against 21 dermatologists in identifying malignant carcinomas and melanomas.
Researchers found that exposure to pollution from fires in the last few months of gestation leads to earlier birth and smaller babies. The study highlights the need for evidence-based policies to balance economic and environmental goals, especially in developing countries.
Mass drug administration programmes have significantly increased treatment for bilharzia, killing an estimated 280,000 people annually. Praziquantel MDA programmes are effective but long-term effects and resistance to the drug are largely unknown.
Two groups of jumping spiders, Habronattus and Maratus, have evolved rare color vision to see reds, yellows and oranges. They use different mechanisms, with Habronattus employing a red filter and Maratus relying on ultraviolet, blue and green sensitive cells.
Dr. Timothy Anderson received a 5-year, $4.6 million MERIT Award to study drug resistance in malaria parasites and develop effective treatment strategies. The award supports his efforts to understand the genetic determinants of resistance and apply powerful gene editing technologies.
A study found that psychological distress, including anxiety and depression, may increase the risk of death from cancer types such as bowel, prostate, and pancreatic cancer. Higher levels of distress were associated with consistently higher death rates in these groups.
A study published in The BMJ found that hormone treatment among pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with a lower risk of pregnancy loss, but an increased risk of preterm delivery, gestational diabetes, and pre-eclampsia. Women treated with thyroid hormone had a lower risk of pregnancy loss compared to untreated...
The researchers have developed an ultra-lightweight, highly powerful artificial muscle using rubber tubes and high-tensile fibers. It has a strength-to-weight ratio 5-10 times greater than conventional electric motors and hydraulic cylinders, making it suitable for tough robots that can handle strong external shocks and vibrations.
Researchers propose firing deep-ocean sound waves at oncoming tsunamis to dissipate energy and reduce amplitude. This process could minimize damage and save lives, but poses technical challenges including devising accurate frequency transmitters.
A 1-year football training program significantly reduces blood pressure, body fat percentage, and improves bone density in women with mildly high blood pressure. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of Football Fitness as a broad-spectrum medicine for women with high blood pressure.
A recent genetic study discovered 14 new developmental disorders in children, providing diagnoses for over 1,000 individuals and their families. The study revealed that nearly 400,000 annual births worldwide are affected by rare developmental disorders caused by spontaneous mutations.
The San Diego Zoo's Frozen Zoo cell cultures contain genetic variation missing in surviving individuals of the critically endangered northern white rhinoceros. Genome-wide levels of genetic diversity and inbreeding in both southern and northern white rhinos were examined to aid future efforts toward genetic rescue and assisted reproduc...
Researchers have created a new class of polyarylboranes that exhibit high fluorescence and stability, making them suitable for applications in cancer diagnosis, drug delivery, and solar energy cells. The discovery has the potential to revolutionize these industries with low-cost and non-toxic materials.
Researchers at the University of Adelaide have identified a new microRNA that promotes cancer metastasis, leading to the development of a potential blood test for early detection. The discovery also reveals new targets for drugs that may inhibit cancer spread.
Researchers developed a universal CAR T cell therapy that overcomes the obstacle of generating personalized cancer-killing cells from young children. The treatment successfully eradicated leukemia from two infant patients, who remained disease-free for 10 and 16 months.
Researchers found that treating subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy can reduce pregnancy loss, especially for those with higher TSH levels. However, treated women were more likely to experience preterm delivery and gestational diabetes.
Researchers developed a new genetic-testing method to identify the invasive coconut rhinoceros beetle, which can be conducted in just a few hours. This test offers potential for improved defense against the species and prevents misidentification that could lead to wasted resources.
A new Penn-led study found that invasive sedge is more effective at preventing erosion of dunes during big storms compared to native grass. The research suggests that land managers may want to consider the virtues of non-native species when protecting coastal communities.
Researchers found two types of face cells that respond differently to human and non-human faces. The study's findings suggest that the brain processes faces based on attention focus, not just visual presence. This discovery may lead to a better understanding of social cognitive defects like autism.
Experts recommend using risk assessment to regulate endocrine disrupting substances, considering exposure and effects on sensitive species. Hazard assessments are suitable in absence of sufficient data.
Primary care physicians strongly endorse prohibiting insurance denials for pre-existing conditions and allowing young adults to stay on parents' plans until 26. Most favor policy changes increasing consumer choice, such as a public option and tax credits.
A study found that telepsychiatry provides similar clinical outcomes as face-to-face group sessions for patients with opioid use disorder receiving medication treatment with buprenorphine. The pilot study suggests that telepsychiatry may help extend access to medication-assisted treatment, particularly in rural areas.
A recent study by New York University researchers found that Asian immigrants have lower rates of dental service utilization compared to non-Hispanic whites. The study, which analyzed data from the National Health Interview Surveys, identified acculturation and family income level as key factors affecting dental care use among Asian im...
Death clocks, which calculate an individual's life expectancy, are shown to be inconsistent and should come with a health warning. By adjusting for personal characteristics and circumstances, John Appleby found that life expectancy predictions varied widely, from 67-89 years.
Researchers develop antisense oligonucleotide to lower tau protein levels in mice, reversing neurological damage and improving survival. The treatment also shows promise in monkeys, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's and other tau-related diseases.
Researchers found inhibiting metabolic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) sensitizes tumors to Olaparib, expanding cancer treatment options. Combining PGAM1 inhibitors with Olaparib suppresses tumor growth in BRCA-proficient cancers.
A study led by NYU Langone researchers identified CD99, a protein-sugar molecule, as a potential therapeutic target for blood stem cell cancers like acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Antibodies against CD99 can selectively kill cancer stem cells while sparing normal blood stem cells.
The study provides the first visual evidence of a physical link by which genes can receive mechanical cues from their microenvironment. The images show thread-like cytofilaments reaching into and traversing a human breast cell's chromatin-packed nucleus, revealing a direct connection to the nucleus.
A new report in the Canadian Journal of Cardiology found significant disparities in referral patterns among heart function clinics with and without onsite cardiac electrophysiology services. Rural patients were less likely to be referred for implantable cardioverter defibrillators, leading to higher mortality rates.
A study using antibodies from an elite controller has shown that a combination of three broadly neutralizing antibodies can completely suppress HIV in infected mice. The finding validates the approach of using multiple antibodies to control HIV infection, pointing towards a potential new treatment for people infected with HIV.
Despite enacted policies, China's smog remains due to climate change and uncertainty over pollution sources, with nitrogen dioxide and ammonia contributing significantly. Research suggests targeting volatile organic compounds from vehicles could help clean up the air.
Researchers identified how HIV infects macrophages despite protective protein SAMHD1 being switched off. A treatment to maintain macrophage defences could be crucial for reaching an HIV cure.
Research found that babies with more diarrhea as infants had shorter telomeres in adulthood, associated with a higher burden of disease. Telomere length may be an important determinant of susceptibility to diarrheal infections and overall health outcomes.
Researchers developed a new analytical procedure using bioconjugates to identify bacterial species in minutes, reducing waiting time and increasing measurement accuracy. The technique uses a flow cytometer and is easy to adapt and inexpensive.
Duke University researchers identified the caudate nucleus as the brain structure responsible for forming direct links between environmental stimuli and enhanced focus. By repeating exposure to specific faces, participants could trigger automatic focus and bypass distractions.
The NASA Human Research Program Investigators' Workshop in Galveston, Texas, brought together scientists and students to tackle the complex field of Omics. Researchers presented preliminary results from the Twins Study, which examines the effects of long-duration spaceflight on identical twins Scott and Mark Kelly.
The genomes of Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale parasites have been sequenced, revealing genes that could be involved in human infection and immune evasion. These findings may lead to the development of improved diagnostic tools and vaccines against these less common but still deadly malaria species.
Researchers have shed light on the relationship between misfolded alpha-synuclein protein and Parkinson's disease, identifying key genes and cellular processes involved. The study provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms of synucleinopathies, paving the way for developing patient-specific treatments.
The European LeukemiaNet has released updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults, including revised genetic categories and a proposed response category based on minimal residual disease status. These recommendations aim to improve patient outcomes and harmonize clinical trials.
A new study from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution reveals that Antarctic Bottom Water has freshened at an unexpected rate between 2007 and 2016, potentially altering ocean circulation and contributing to sea level rise. The researchers hypothesize that a recent landscape-changing event may be responsible for the shift.
Researchers engineered four floating treatment wetland designs using different materials and plants, finding they can affect water quality in similar ways to natural wetlands. The study suggests these systems could help treat wastewater by enhancing nitrogen removal and managing algal blooms.
A new analysis by the American Geophysical Union found that women across all age groups have fewer opportunities than men to serve as peer reviewers of manuscripts. The study suggests that journals should take additional steps to get more women involved in peer reviewing to advance and retain women in science.
A new fossil site in Canada has yielded exceptionally preserved Jurassic marine fossils, including soft-bodied species that rarely fossilize. The site, known as a Konservat-Lagerstätte, offers a unique snapshot of life in the Early Jurassic Panthalassa Ocean.
Younger patients with colon cancer are nearly 2 to 8 times more likely to receive postoperative chemotherapy than older patients, yet no added survival benefit is seen for these patients. The study's findings suggest overtreatment of young and middle-aged adults with colon cancer.
Researchers found that a 20-minute session of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improves bulimia symptoms, mood, and self-regulatory control. This breakthrough study offers hope for a new therapy for the mental health condition.
The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) implemented a multi-year initiative to improve antibiotic use, resulting in a 12% decrease in inpatient antibiotic use. The program's success was attributed to the involvement of multiple disciplines and leadership buy-in.
Targeting therapeutic genes to the lungs offers potential for managing serious lung diseases that do not respond to other treatments. Preclinical and human clinical studies have targeted various genetic diseases, including cystic fibrosis, asthma, and lung cancer.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that current Australian nature reserves are unsuitable for the critically endangered Leadbeater's Possum but may compromise on habitat for other forest-dependent species. Expanded reserve systems could provide higher habitat suitability values, but at a cost to other species.
Researchers are exploring aerobic exercise as a potential treatment for mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) in wounded warriors. The study aims to improve soldiers' quality of life by assessing intensive cardiorespiratory exercise, which may help alleviate symptoms such as migraines and motor problems associated with mTBI.
Research by Emily Fitzgibbons Shafer found that lower-educated men hold women with different surnames to harsher standards, while educated men are more accepting. A study of US residents found that 94% of women take their husband's surname after marriage.
A multicenter study of infants and children who suffered cardiac arrest found that body cooling had no significant benefits compared to maintaining a normal temperature. The study included 329 patients aged 2 days to 18 years old, but the results showed no difference in survival rates or brain function between the two groups.
Premature death rates declined among Hispanics, blacks, and Asian/Pacific Islanders due to fewer deaths from cancer, heart disease, and HIV. In contrast, white and American Indian/Alaska Native populations experienced increased rates driven by accidents, drug overdoses, and suicide.
A new automated web-based surveillance system has been demonstrated to detect potential safety problems with medical devices like the Mynx, a vascular closure device. The system, called DELTA, performs automated safety analyses and comparative effectiveness studies prospectively, sending alerts to users via email.
Researchers found that metformin significantly increased tumor cell apoptosis and altered the cancer microenvironment in patients with head and neck cancer. The study suggests that metformin may make cancer more susceptible to standard therapies and has potential immunotherapeutic effects.
A new model predicts wind frequency and potential contributions to traditional energy sources, enabling decentralized load frequency control. The algorithm requires less computational time than traditional methods, but may require more computation to maintain system stability.
NASA has resumed rigorous vibration testing on the James Webb Space Telescope after an early shutdown in 2016 due to sensor readings exceeding predicted levels. The team implemented changes to the test profile to prevent similar issues, adding diagnostic tests to ensure confidence in the launch environment.
A new species of parasitic wasp, Euderus set, has been discovered in the southeastern United States, manipulating its host's behavior to survive. The wasp's behavior is reminiscent of ancient Egyptian mythology's god Set, who controlled evil animals and even killed his brother Osiris.
A new study by University of Leicester researchers has identified the mechanism behind solidification cracking in steel welding, a critical engineering alloy. The team used synchrotron X-ray beamline technology to observe crack formation in real-time, revealing micro-porosities as the primary cause.
A group of medical experts has issued new clinical guidelines for managing children and adolescents with growth failure, recommending hormonal treatments for certain conditions but cautioning against routine use in cases of unknown cause. The guidelines aim to balance medical needs with potential risks and long-term consequences.
An interdisciplinary MSU team will investigate new ways of producing hydropower, increasing food production and lessening environmental damage caused by dams. They aim to find solutions to impact river flows and temperatures, fish migration and unequal energy pricing.
Researchers at MIT's Sloan Neuroeconomics Lab have developed a new method to extract correct answers from large groups of people, reducing errors in crowd wisdom surveys. The 'surprisingly popular' algorithm uses the variation between individual responses and predicted popular opinion to identify the correct answer.
Researchers discover that a component of the innate immune system, the complement system, plays a crucial role in killing antibiotic-resistant ST258 bacteria. The study's findings suggest that a modified antibody could be used to develop new tools to treat and prevent infections caused by these bacteria.
A new study found that non-invasive brain stimulation using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can significantly reduce bulimia symptoms, including urge to binge eat and concerns about weight. The treatment showed promise in improving cognitive control over compulsive features of the disorder.
Researchers found that genetic makeup of social partners significantly impacts wound healing, anxiety, and body weight in mice. The study provides insights into the mechanisms of social genetic effects and their potential application to human health.
Researchers develop simple method for coating nanoparticles with urea molecules to slow breakdown and release nitrogen. Initial field tests show promising results in reducing fertilizer need by half.