Researchers have discovered two novel genetic risk factors for bipolar disorder, FADS1 and FADS2, which play a crucial role in lipid metabolism. These findings support the notion that lipid abnormalities may contribute to the development of BD.
Researchers develop a new peptide that suppresses abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage in the eye, causing regression of established vessels. The peptide lasts longer than current treatments, potentially requiring only annual injections instead of monthly ones.
Dr. Sandra B. Sexson, a renowned child and adolescent psychiatrist, has received the Vestermark Psychiatry Educator Award for her leadership and creativity in psychiatric education. She is recognized for her 40-year dedication to advancing the field of psychiatry through various academic and professional roles.
Researchers found that snow voles in Graubünden evolve towards smaller sizes when winters start earlier due to increased food availability. This genetic adaptation helps young voles reach their maximum weight before harsh weather sets in, ensuring their survival.
A comprehensive review of Bufonidae family compounds reveals their largely unexplored potential for new drug discovery. The study highlights the critical need for conservation efforts due to declining amphibian populations.
A new analysis published in PLOS ONE found that the proportion of US deaths attributable to diabetes is as high as 12%, three times higher than estimates based on death certificates. Diabetes was estimated to be the third leading cause of death in the US in 2010, after heart disease and malignant neoplasms.
A new study by Brown University researchers shows that the 100,000-year orbital cycle and the 21,000-year precession cycle work together to drive the glacial cycle. The team found that sea ice in the Southern Hemisphere plays a crucial role in modulating the effects of precession on global temperature, leading to an expansion of sea ic...
Researchers at Duke University have developed a tiny device that uses sound waves to create whirlpools to gather proteins and other biomarkers from blood, urine or saliva samples. This innovative technology has the potential to form the basis of a small, inexpensive point-of-care device for early disease diagnosis.
Scientists at Harvard Medical School have developed a new gene-delivery therapy that successfully restores partial hearing and balance in mice born with genetic hearing loss. The treatment uses a modified adeno-associated virus (AAV) wrapped in protective bubbles to penetrate hair cells, which are notoriously difficult to treat.
A new UCL study reveals that tumor growth exerts mechanical forces on blood vessels, compressing or collapsing them to block oxygen delivery. This can lead to uneven drug delivery and reduced treatment effectiveness.
Professors Ateshian and Myers have made significant contributions to the fields of cartilage mechanics and soft tissue biomechanics. Ateshian's work focuses on developing better modalities for osteoarthritis treatment, while Myers studies the mechanics of the uterus and cervix to prevent premature births.
Researchers discovered LSD alters perception by stimulating serotonin 2A receptors in the brain. This finding may lead to new courses of treatment for psychiatric disorders like depression, addictions, and phobias by enhancing personal relevance.
Genetic analysis reveals dozens of chemical compounds associated with tomato flavor that have been lost in modern varieties. Selection for size and firmness has led to a reduction in sweetness and flavor content, highlighting the need to reintroduce flavor-infusing genes.
Researchers at Rice University have created single-molecule compounds that quench damaging reactive oxygen species, offering a new basis for antioxidant therapies. The molecules, called PEG-PDI, are true mimics of superoxide dismutase enzymes and show promise for treating cancer, traumatic brain injuries, and chronic diseases.
A new research paper published in Science argues that the US government's national security systems have not adapted sufficiently to the threats posed by groups like Al Qaeda and Islamic State. The paper calls for more field research on young people to inform machine learning and big data analysis to combat terrorism.
Reducing Pcdh10 function leads to impaired social behavior and altered amygdala circuitry, but treatment with d-cycloserine improves social interactions. The study suggests a possible target for autism treatment and parallels the male predominance of ASD in humans.
Researchers found that even modest levels of physical activity decreased insulin resistance and biomarkers of inflammation, while sedentary time increased levels of satiety-related chemicals in the blood. The study suggests that physical activity and inactivity may operate through different pathways to modulate disease risk.
Researchers used remote sensing data to identify functional diversity hotspots in the Peruvian Andes and Amazon basin, revealing 36 forest functional classes. Up to 46% of these areas are currently protected, with government control over two-thirds and indigenous lands holding one-third.
For the first time, researchers at UNC School of Medicine have discovered precisely what LSD looks like in its active state when attached to a human serotonin receptor. This breakthrough reveals that the psychoactive effects of LSD last for so long because part of the receptor folds over the drug molecule, locking it in place.
Terrie E. Taylor, a Michigan State University professor, is working on developing new treatments for cerebral malaria, the deadliest form of the disease. Her research aims to identify interventions that can reduce brain swelling and save children's lives.
A new study published in the Journal of the American College of Surgeons found that laparoscopic anti-reflux operations for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) result in faster recovery, fewer postoperative complications, and lower healthcare costs compared to traditional open operations.
Astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope have made an independent measurement of the universe's expansion rate, consistent with earlier findings but in disagreement with measurements from the early Universe. The study uses galaxies as giant gravitational lenses to determine the Hubble constant to a high precision.
Researchers propose creating a phased regulatory system for autonomous vehicles, mirroring the drug approval process to ensure safety and reliability. This approach would involve pre-clinical trials, in-human studies, and monitored testing before easing restrictions.
Researchers found abnormal antibody levels in HIV-1-infected individuals, suggesting an important factor contributing to the failure of the gut to prevent microbial invasion. The study revealed a significant elevation of immunoglobulin M levels and decreased ratios of IgG/IgM and IgA/IgM in HIV-1-infected patients.
Biologists at Johns Hopkins have found that extra centrosomes in mice can lead to tumor formation due to improper chromosome separation. This discovery provides a new model for cancer research that more closely mimics human tumors, with half of the mice developing cancer within 9-18 months.
A new study found that by age 6, girls are already absorbing societal stereotypes about intellectual ability and choosing activities based on these notions. The researchers used experiments to evaluate the beliefs of 5-, 6- and 7-year-old boys and girls about gender and brilliance.
A new study found that abnormal antibody production in the intestine of people with HIV-1 may lead to chronic inflammation and AIDS despite treatment. The research revealed that immune system cells in the intestines have decreased capacity to produce mature antibodies.
A new study found that twice-daily radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy reduces head and neck cancer deaths by 20% and slows disease progression. The treatment, known as hyperfractionated radiotherapy, has shown promise in treating advanced stage patients who face lower survival rates.
A CU Boulder team, in collaboration with NIST and UC Davis, will track methane leaks from natural gas storage facilities using a novel laser system. The ground-based system measures changes in methane concentrations down to one part-per-billion, while light aircraft flights provide estimates of total emissions.
Research by Sam Houston State University found that Native Americans and Latinos were more likely to be denied access to good time benefits, while Asian offenders had better access. The study suggests that race-based stereotypes may influence judges' decisions on sentencing.
Researchers found improved preventive care and health behaviors among low-income childless adults due to Obamacare Medicaid expansion, with increased access to healthcare services and reduced barriers to care. They also reported better self-assessed health and fewer days of poor health or restricted activities.
A Mayo Clinic study using robotic telemedicine for assessing comatose patients in intensive care units shows promising results. The study found that patients with depressed levels of consciousness can be assessed reliably through telemedicine, alleviating a shortage of ICU providers and facilities.
A new project aims to develop a device that can accumulate and deliver unprecedentedly intense positron pulses. The goal is to investigate exotic states of matter and mixes of matter and antimatter, potentially opening up new areas of experimental research.
A new study by UC San Francisco researchers reveals that distinct sets of genetic defects in a single neuronal protein can cause either infantile epilepsy or autism spectrum disorders. The study identifies SCN2A as the human gene with the strongest evidence for a causal role in driving ASDs.
Research from the Salk Institute shows that certain bacteria, such as Salmonella Typhimurium, can block the host's appetite loss response to make themselves healthier while also promoting transmission. This discovery could have implications in treating infectious diseases and may lead to new therapies for metabolic disease.
Researchers at Mount Sinai discovered that specific signals in primary tumors induce dormant cancer cells that can evade chemotherapy. These 'dormant' cells are found in hypoxic regions of the tumor and may lead to disease relapse and poor prognosis.
A new species of hermit crab with bright red stripes has been discovered in the Caribbean. The species, named Pylopaguropsis mollymullerae, features a unique pincer shape and is believed to have an ecological association with moray eels.
A new study suggests that climate change played a significant role in the extinction of giant Ice Age animals in Australia. The analysis of fossil teeth found that as the climate dried out and became more arid, the diets of these megafaunal herbivores shifted dramatically, reducing their ability to consume certain types of plants.
Researchers at Rice University simulated one-dimensional boron materials, which exhibited mechanical stiffness comparable to the highest-performing nanomaterials. The new findings also revealed that these materials can act as constant-force springs and display unique electronic properties.
A University of Florida researcher led a global team to identify chemical combinations that improve tomato flavor. The team used classical genetics to replace bad alleles with good ones in modern tomato varieties.
Researchers have made a groundbreaking discovery by directly observing the structure of protein machinery in living cells, allowing them to study its functions in unprecedented detail. This breakthrough has significant implications for understanding cellular biology and developing new therapeutic strategies for diseases.
A study found that when a bacteria reduces its virulence by blocking loss of appetite, it increases mouse survival and helps the pathogen spread. Salmonella Typhimurium, a natural intestinal pathogen in mice, uses this strategy to replicate and transmit to other hosts.
Researchers at Salk Institute successfully created human/pig chimeras, offering insights into early human development and potential applications for drug testing. The achievement marks an important step towards growing functional tissues and organs for regenerative medicine.
A study found that brain responses to rewards are a significant predictor of pain symptoms in adolescents, with patterns of reward processing at age 14-15 predicting pain complaints at age 16-17. Genetic variants affecting pain sensitivity may also play a role.
A recent study on alpine snow voles found a counterintuitive genetic change towards smaller body mass despite expected positive selection for increased fitness. The research suggests that selection for shorter development times leads to genetic change.
The study reveals that veterinarian movements significantly contribute to the spread of diseases, with animal exchanges playing a synergistic role. This research can help develop more accurate tools for predicting disease outbreaks and implement effective biosecurity measures.
Research highlights the role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in regulating immune responses to viral infections. These cells have been shown to directly alter the viral infectious process, posing challenges for developing antiviral therapies.
Remote sensing maps reveal new regions for conservation effort in Peruvian forests, identifying previously unknown assemblages and assessing the effectiveness of current protections. The approach links biodiversity and functional diversity, providing a roadmap for detecting critical omissions in regional networks.
A study published in PLOS Pathogens suggests that proteins produced by the toxoplasmosis parasite may play a role in developing host-directed tuberculosis therapies. The researchers found that these proteins interact with human proteins to activate anti-tuberculosis defense mechanisms.
Johns Hopkins researchers successfully created mature heart muscle cells from human or animal stem cells by implanting them into newborn rat hearts. The host animal's biological signals and chemistry enabled the immature cells to mature, overcoming a developmental blockade.
Scientists have discovered incredibly rapid gas flares from a white dwarf binary star system for the first time. The unusual activity was observed at radio wavelengths in SS Cyg, one of the brightest variable stars in the constellation of Cygnus.
A large-scale study led by Dr. Laurent Azoulay found no association between androgen deprivation therapy and an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease in patients with advanced prostate cancer. The study analyzed data from nearly 31,000 men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer over a 27-year period.
A new study reveals that tiny particles can shield pollutants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from degradation, allowing them to travel farther and increasing lung cancer risk. The findings quadruple the estimated global lung cancer risk from a pollutant caused by combustion, exceeding World Health Organization limits.
A new study reveals that early gender stereotypes can have a lasting impact on girls' aspirations and careers, starting as early as age 6. Children at this age show a decrease in associating brilliance with their own gender, leading to lower interest in activities perceived as requiring brilliance.
Research reveals that stem cells from heavy smokers use error-prone DNA repair pathway, leading to accumulation of mutations and squamous cell carcinoma. The study suggests targeting DNA repair processes may be a promising approach to preventing and treating this form of lung cancer.
Researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center have created two new live-attenuated vaccines against canine influenza viruses, which can be transmitted to humans. These vaccines provide better immune protection and longer periods of protection than existing inactivated vaccines.
Researchers analyzed a medieval skeleton found in a leprosy hospital cemetery in Winchester, UK, and discovered the strain of leprosy it carried was genetically distinct from others, linked to South-Central and Western Asia. The findings suggest that resistance to the disease may have developed over time.
A new tool called EEGGL helps map out the paths of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) before they reach Earth. The model is based on fundamental physics theory and takes into account the magnetic structure of CMEs, providing a better understanding of their behavior in space.
A new study found that a 'prudent' diet rich in whole grains and fiber can lower the risk of colorectal cancer by altering the balance of microorganisms in the digestive tract. Participants with tumors containing Fusobacterium nucleatum had a sharply lower risk, but those without the bacteria received no extra protection.
Dual-energy computed tomography angiography (DECT) shows moderate diagnostic accuracy and improves image quality compared to conventional CT angiography. DECT also significantly reduces contrast medium dose without compromising image quality.
A new study suggests that an anti-inflammatory diet rich in vegetables, fruits, fish, and whole grains can help prevent bone loss and fractures in post-menopausal white women younger than 63. The researchers found a correlation between lower-inflammatory diets and lower risk of hip fracture in this subgroup.
Researchers identified distinct changes in bone mineral content and area among midlife women transitioning through menopause, contradicting previous assumptions about bone expansion. The findings suggest that individual variability in bone structure can be used to identify women at risk of fractures far in advance.
Kaiser Permanente's telephone wellness coaching program has been shown to help members lose a significant amount of weight, changing their weight trajectories from upward to downward. The study found that participants lost clinically significant amounts of weight, which is important because even small amounts of weight loss can lead to...
Research finds that African immigrant mothers tend to focus on factual information about sex and reproduction, rather than cultural teachings or myths, when educating their daughters. This shift is attributed to increased exposure to liberal American culture and the desire for more accurate education.
Researchers used remote sensing data to identify 36 forest functional classes and 6 groups, revealing conservation hotspots. The study found that 32-46% of each group is currently protected, with opportunities for protection in highly threatened forests.
Patients with kidney failure receiving chronic hemodialysis often have depressive symptoms but refuse treatment. When willing, doctors commonly don't prescribe anti-depressant therapy, citing underlying reasons including physiological and psychological changes associated with kidney failure.
A recent study by Lund University researcher Mattias Möller has identified 1000 new genetic variants in blood group genes, which could have negative effects during blood transfusions. The discovery was made possible by developing a new computer program to process the genomes of 2504 people, providing insights into human genetic variation.
Scientists at Uppsala University reveal the secret behind massive volcanic eruptions, discovering chemical clues in quartz crystals that hint at magma assimilating a local rock rich in water, leading to increased gas pressure and catastrophic eruptions.
A study from Michigan Medicine reveals significant disparities between patients' self-reported eye symptoms and their electronic medical records. The study analyzed 162 Kellogg patients and found that only 38 had exact agreement between their survey responses and medical records, with symptom reporting driving the inconsistencies.
Researchers at Salk Institute successfully integrated stem cells from one species into the early-stage development of another, growing a rat pancreas, heart, and eyes in a mouse. They also generated human cells and tissues in pig embryos, marking a step toward generating transplantable human organs.
A recent study published in Annals of Emergency Medicine found no association between intravenous contrast media and acute kidney injury. The research, which analyzed five years of records, showed that the probability of developing acute kidney injury was higher for patients receiving unenhanced CT scans.
A new study suggests that science curiosity can reduce polarization on contentious issues like climate change and fracking. Curious individuals are more willing to engage with surprising information that challenges their political predispositions, leading to a decrease in partisan divide.
A new survey found that 59% of Baltimore's youth-serving organizations do not offer HIV testing, highlighting the need for better integration of community-based services and clinical care. Organizations with HIV testing were more likely to provide general health services and referral services for sexually transmitted infections screening.
A new study at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center found that hospital-led interventions significantly reduced the Cesarean delivery rate from 34.8% to 21.2% over a seven-year period. The interventions included quality improvement measures such as standardized protocols, increased provider education and revised guidelines.
A four-year genetic research effort has mapped the major landmarks in the evolution of dinoflagellates, a key species in the environment. The study found that nonphotosynthetic dinoflagellates have retained vital metabolic functions and could lead to a better understanding of bioluminescence and toxic algal blooms.
Four experts propose a strategy for terrorism research that combines theoretically informed fieldwork with policy-making, aiming to protect academic integrity from politics and inform effective countermeasures. They outline the need for national institutional review boards to ensure legal and ethical standards in research, grounded in ...
Researchers successfully created atomic metallic hydrogen using diamond anvil cells at extreme pressures, offering potential applications in high-energy storage, superconductors, and rocket propulsion. The discovery could transform various industries, including energy production and space exploration.
Researchers found that medaka fish lose bone density rapidly in space due to microgravity, which affects osteoclasts and osteoblasts differently than on Earth. The study suggests the participation of NO-GCR signal pathway in microgravity stress.
A new study found that six-year-old girls are less likely than boys to believe they themselves are brilliant. This trend is concerning given the impact of gender stereotypes on career aspirations. The research suggests girls' perceptions of school achievement and intelligence remain separate until age 7.
Researchers at UCL and Heinrich Heine University have discovered the OCT4 gene essential for chemically reprogramming human amniotic stem cells. The process allows these cells to be rejuvenated and function like embryonic stem cells, providing a promising alternative for therapies and research.
A new model for defining healthy eating is presented in a review article, taking into account caloric load, cellular respiration, and food perception. The study aims to reduce the risk of weight gain and cardiometabolic disease by understanding the complex factors involved.
Researchers have successfully created the first time crystals, which repeat their structure in time due to periodic kicking. This breakthrough opens a new landscape of non-equilibrium matter with promise for quantum computing and memory storage.
Research at Princeton University finds that premature babies don't use sensory-prediction brain process to shape their brains like full-term babies do. This lack of processing is linked to higher risks of developmental delays as they grow.
A new study by the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine finds that internalizing negative weight stereotypes increases the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in obese patients. Patients who experience fat shaming are more likely to avoid exercise, consume extra calories, and develop conditions like metabolic syndrome.
A new assessment tool combines parental questionnaires and inexpensive diagnostic procedures to rule out obstructive sleep apnea in children with Down syndrome. The tool showed high accuracy in identifying participants without moderate to severe OSA, potentially reducing the need for sleep studies.
NASA's Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) estimated record-breaking rainfall totals over the western United States from January 17 to 24, 2017. Rainfall of almost 4 inches in one day was reported in Long Beach, California, causing flooding and mudslides.
Researchers found that LSD alters perception of personal relevance and meaning, linked to serotonin receptors and brain areas involved in self-experience. The findings may lead to new targets for treating psychiatric illnesses or phobias.
Researchers found inconsistencies between patient self-report on an Eye Symptom Questionnaire (ESQ) and documentation in the EMR, with 34% having different reporting of blurry vision. This study highlights the importance of accurate symptom documentation for high-quality patient care.
The study found that 87% of respondents agree that body-worn cameras would improve police officer behavior, while citizens with more positive views of police had the most support for BWCs. West Palm Beach residents reported less favorable perceptions on police-community encounters and issues of crime and safety.
The GSG III Foundation has pledged over $1 million for a new research program at the University of Louisville, aiming to develop better methods for studying lung inflammation and explore potential therapies. The program will focus on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, and asthma.
A mobile app enabled C-section patients to take control of their care and reduce hospital stays from 3.7 days to 2.7 days, saving costs and improving quality.
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed a new technique for extracting uranium from an aqueous solution using soap-like chemicals, potentially reducing the need for harsher separation methods. The technique also shows promise for legacy waste treatment and environmental cleanup.
Researchers have created a human stem-cell based system to find drugs for mitochondrial disease. They extracted skin cells from patients with faulty mitochondria and used them to identify a promising potential drug called avanafil. This breakthrough gives the potential for truly personalized treatments for rare diseases.
Researchers found that DNA amount controls initial steroid hormone production, signaling start of metamorphosis. This internal timer determines juvenile development and makes metamorphosis irreversible.
Scientists have found that electrons in vanadium dioxide move in unison, making it a poor conductor of heat. The material's unique properties make it suitable for applications like thermoelectric systems and window coatings.
A new gene therapy has demonstrated effectiveness in clearing glycogen buildup from muscles in mice, potentially replacing enzyme infusions. The therapy uses a modified virus to deliver a gene that produces an enzyme missing in people with Pompe disease.
Researchers successfully demonstrate metallic properties in hydrogen at pressures between 465-495 GPa and 5.5 Kelvin. The discovery has potential implications for high-temperature superconductivity and energy production.
A new study published in Nature forecasts disruption to alpine ecosystem health due to climate change. Rising temperatures are expected to decouple key nutrient cycles in mountain soils and plants, threatening the function of mountaintop ecosystems and their ability to provide clean water.
Genome editing offers promise for treating genetic disorders but raises major technological and ethical concerns. The ACMG Board of Directors emphasizes the need to overcome current limitations and address issues such as off-target effects and epigenetic marks.
The H0LiCOW collaboration has made a new measurement of the Hubble constant using quasars and gravitational lensing. The result agrees with recent independent studies but disagrees significantly with cosmic microwave background measurements, potentially indicating new physics beyond the standard cosmological model.
A new laboratory technique allows for the indefinite growth of healthy and diseased cells, offering possibilities for living biobanks, personalized medicine, and novel cancer research. The method, known as conditional reprogramming, can grow million new cells in a week without genetic modification.
Academics used math to tackle cocoa yield fluctuations, optimize pig farming practices and improve hydroponics efficiency. The study aims to provide targeted advice for smallholder farmers and secure sustainable farming communities.
The Hubble Constant measurement by the H0LiCOW collaboration hints at 'new physics' beyond the standard model of cosmology. The team used gravitational lenses to measure the universe's expansion rate, which is crucial for confirming or refuting the current picture of dark energy and dark matter.
Researchers at Tohoku University have developed a new drug, SAK3, that stimulates the release of acetylcholine in the brain and improves cognition. In animal experiments, SAK3 has proven to be safe and well-tolerated, with potential for development into a disease-modifying drug.
Researchers at NIST have developed a new method to separate synthetic nanoparticles from living organisms, improving experiments on environmental and health impacts of manufactured entities. The sucrose density gradient centrifugation technique yields more accurate counts of ingested nanoparticles.
LIGO researcher Gabriela González has received the National Academy of Sciences Award for Scientific Discovery for her work on gravitational wave astronomy. She shares the award with David Howard Reitze and Peter R. Saulson, who have also contributed significantly to the field over 19 years.
Researchers discovered LSD binds at an angle, trapping it in the receptor, and part of the protein folds over, sealing it inside. This explains why LSD trips last for a full day despite small doses.