Scientists have discovered that a man-made version of soluble gp130, or sgp130, can inhibit inflammation in the eye and prevent retinal destruction associated with diabetes. The new molecule, called sgp130-Fc, has been shown to reduce inflammation and improve vision in mouse models of diabetic retinopathy.
The latest collection of articles in JAMA Internal Medicine explores firearm violence in urban areas, with studies focusing on adolescent firearm homicides and social contagion through networks. The research aims to reduce the disproportionate impact of firearm violence on minority populations.
Severe thunderstorms spawned tornadoes and generated flooding rainfall over the Southeast, with up to a foot of rain falling in five days. At least 13 deaths were blamed on the violent weather, according to NASA's Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) program.
Researchers from Dresden and Basel have developed a novel memory chip concept that can store data magnetically without continuous refreshing, reducing energy consumption and heat generation. The breakthrough uses an electrical voltage instead of current to activate the magnetic material, enabling more efficient data storage.
Feral cat population in Australia is estimated to be around 2-6.3 million, with densities higher on islands and in inland areas with low rainfall. The research also found that feral cats are undermining conservation efforts, driving species extinctions across the country.
A new study published in Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism found that commercial weight loss programs including both diet and exercise resulted in greater improvements in metabolic syndrome. The research suggests that a synergistic approach to diet and exercise is essential for both weight loss and improved health outcomes.
Researchers have applied physics models to understand economic systems, but results show that universal features may be the exception rather than the rule. Econophysics has led to discoveries like the inverse cubic law describing stock price fluctuations.
The consortium aims to develop predictive spray models for fuel sprays in the engine cylinder, addressing uncertainties associated with fuel injection equipment. By understanding flow within the fuel injector nozzle and dispersion of liquid outside the nozzle, researchers hope to improve engine efficiency and reduce emissions.
Researchers create large sample size of ST12-germanium, confirming its semiconductor and optical properties. The material has a tetragonal structure and indirect band gap, making it suitable for infrared detection and imaging technology.
Researchers have found a way to make memory chips perform computing tasks, leading to faster and thinner mobile devices and computers. The new computing circuit uses state-of-the-art memory chips to process data in four states instead of two, boosting processing speeds by at least two times.
Chemical modification of insulin enables faster release and improved availability, maintaining efficacy. The study uses computer simulations and experiments to confirm the effect, demonstrating potential for optimizing diabetes treatment.
Researchers found that a mobile, tablet-based game called Project: EVO improved cognitive benefits and mood in people with late-life depression. A second study showed similar results, with improvements seen in all groups, including the placebo.
Researchers at Duke University have created a new method for printing conductive films using silver nanowire inks, eliminating the need for heat. The resulting printed electronics can be used in various applications such as solar cells, displays, and implantable bio-electronic devices.
A recent study examining 1,600 instances of phenotypic change worldwide shows that urbanization is affecting the genetic makeup of species crucial to ecosystem health. The research highlights the importance of understanding human-induced trait changes and their implications for ecological and human well-being.
A new Duke University study reveals that global emissions targets can only be met if green technologies are developed and implemented at an unprecedented pace. To limit warming below the Paris Agreement's 2 degrees C target, green innovations must be accelerated by a full order of magnitude, or about ten times faster than in the past.
Researchers found that PQQ reduced fat in livers and inflammation, protecting adult mice from fatty liver even after stopping supplementation. The antioxidant may work by impacting pathways critical to early onset of diseases associated with maternal obesity and high-fat diets.
Researchers argue that sugar-free versions of soft drinks are no healthier for weight loss or prevention, and may even be detrimental to the environment. Current evidence does not support claims that ASBs aid in weight loss or prevent weight gain compared to full-sugar drinks.
Researchers studied data from Lake Malawi to confirm that rifting has occurred slowly over the past 1.3 million years, utilizing a series of faults millions of years older. The team's findings provide a unified geologic framework for exploring the East African Rift system and shed light on other continental rift systems.
Richard Myers is investigating the Cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK) gene and its role in Parkinson's disease. His research aims to understand how increasing GAK levels may prevent cell death in PD.
A study found gun violence research receives significantly less funding and publication volume than other leading causes of death, including sepsis and motor vehicle accidents. This disparity affects vulnerable communities disproportionately.
A University of Illinois study found that 19 out of 20 tropical bird species in Panama may experience significantly fewer birds if conditions become drier, due to longer dry seasons and more intense seasonal droughts. The scaly-throated leaftosser is the only species that tends to increase with dryer conditions.
Researchers at KAUST develop a process to print high-performance silicon-based computers on soft, sticker-like surfaces for flexible electronics. Decal electronics enable easy integration of device components into compliant systems.
A new study has found that increasing intake of EPA and DHA omega-3s can help reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, particularly among populations with high triglycerides and LDL cholesterol levels. The study analyzed data from 93,000 and 732,000 subjects across 18 randomized controlled trials and 16 prospective cohort studies.
Research finds that urbanization is hindering the ability of certain songbird species to reproduce successfully, even after relocating. The study, published in PLOS ONE, found that forced dispersal due to suburban development can cause birds to abandon their territories and struggle to find new mates.
The study found that bundled payment models can reduce healthcare costs without compromising quality, with a 20.8% decrease in average cost for joint replacements and improved post-acute care spending. The hospital system's use of evidence-based data and incentivizing physicians also played a key role in achieving these savings.
Researchers found that small solar cells under the skin can generate enough power to fully charge pacemakers or extend their lifespan. This technology has the potential to reduce device replacements and size, saving patients discomfort and stress.
The study reveals how Piperlongumine converts to an active drug that targets and silences the GSTP1 gene, which is often overactive in tumors. This breakthrough provides new hope for developing cancer therapies using natural compounds.
The study proposes a new approach to designing cyber-physical systems by integrating machine learning, real-time sensors, and effective communication interfaces. The team encourages combining model-based design with data-based learning to establish a durable design methodology for these complex systems.
New research reveals that low birth weight babies may develop motor and neurological deficits due to peripheral nerve defects. The study suggests delayed myelination of the peripheral nervous system as a contributing factor.
A new special section of Child Development explores the developmental course of violent offending, including factors such as emotion regulation skills and judgment. The research aims to inform novel practices and policies to prevent severe youth violence.
A new study by Dr. Jan Blustein reveals China's cesarean rate is substantially lower than the WHO's reported figure of 46.2%, with a rate of 34.9% in 2014. The study highlights geographic variations in cesarean rates across different regions of China.
Researchers at the University of Bonn found that inflammation in abdominal fat blocks fat-burning by inhibiting cGMP signaling. Administering cGMP-stimulating active ingredients may be a possible starting point for treating obesity and preventing related complications.
A study by Cornell University researcher Gary Evans found that children from poor backgrounds are more likely to develop antisocial behavior, helplessness, and chronic physiological stress as adults. Early intervention and increasing poor families' incomes can help mitigate these issues.
A study published in Nature Climate Change finds that a lack of research led by Southern scientists hinders global agreements and nationally-appropriate actions on climate change. Practical steps are recommended to bridge the divide and promote inclusive scientific development.
A new study reveals that no single model or common molecular toolkit exists behind the diverse array of mollusk shells. Instead, each species has evolved its own 'shell secretome' through a combination of co-opting existing genes and rapid evolution of novel genes.
A complex of genes regulating epigenetic mechanisms is linked to premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a condition affecting 2-5% of women of reproductive age. Dysregulated expression of these genes suggests abnormal cellular response to sex hormones, which may hold hope for improved treatment.
Researchers found increased brain activity in the insula and frontal cortex of problem gamblers when exposed to gambling cues. The study suggests that targeting the insula could be a promising approach for treating problem gambling.
Research published in Psychological Science found that people who notice inconsistent misinformation have better memory for the event compared to those who don't see it. This suggests that detecting and remembering misinformation can actually enhance memory recognition.
Researchers have demonstrated the magnetic behavior of iron trithiohypophosphate (FePS3) crystals, providing the first experimental proof of Onsager's 1943 prediction. The team used Raman spectroscopy to measure magnetism in 2D FePS3 monolayers and found consistent patterns with bulk samples.
A new study from the University of Leeds has made reliable estimates of volcanic ash events in Northern Europe, finding that ash clouds occur approximately every 44 years. The research team analyzed records of volcanic ash fallout over the past 1,000 years and found evidence of 84 ash clouds, most linked to Icelandic eruptions.
A middle-aged woman developed hyponatraemia, a potentially life-threatening condition, after consuming excessive fluids and herbal remedies during the New Year period. Doctors warn of the potential harm of these treatments and advocate for caution.
A long-term biodiversity project has provided detailed distributional and abundance data for 286 arthropod species, including many new species descriptions. The data has inspired studies on macroecology, conservation priorities, and extinction debt in the Azores.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) identify distinct neural ensembles controlling reward-seeking and suppression behaviors. The study sheds light on the brain's storage of opposing memories, a long-debated topic in neuroscience.
The journal Translational Behavioral Medicine now publishes research with null results, providing a unique opportunity for scientific researchers. This shift in publication policy sets it apart from other behavioral medicine titles and supports the advancement of science by learning from unexpected outcomes.
A new HER2-targeted dendritic cell vaccine has shown promising results in a clinical trial, stimulating an immune response in 80% of patients and inducing regression of early-stage breast tumors. The vaccine was well-tolerated and effective in both invasive and non-invasive disease settings.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital discovered a mutation in the relA gene of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium that enables the bacteria to tolerate normally effective antibiotic therapy. The mutation resulted in elevated levels of alarmone, priming the bacteria to survive exposure to multiple antibiotics.
Researchers at Aalto University developed a plasmonic nanolaser that operates at visible light frequencies and uses dark lattice modes, allowing for ultrafast and tiny coherent light sources. The nanolaser uses silver nanoparticles arranged in a periodic array, which radiate in unison to produce high-intensity laser light.
Scientists have identified seven key proteins in the Zika virus genome that may be responsible for its damaging health effects. The study provides valuable clues for future research on how the virus interacts with human cells and how to develop treatments or prevention strategies.
This review explores the potential of nanoparticle drug delivery systems to improve solubility, permeability, and stability of ophthalmic drugs. The development of these systems may offer a solution to the limitations of traditional topically administered formulations.
Researchers found that brain size evolved at different rates for different species, especially during Homo's evolution, while chewing teeth evolved at similar rates. This challenges the classic view that larger brains led to smaller teeth as a result of tool use.
A study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that alcohol abuse increases the risk of atrial fibrillation, heart attack and congestive heart failure, similar to other well-established risk factors. The researchers analyzed data from California residents with ambulatory surgery or emergency care and found...
Chelating zinc has been shown to promote survival of neurons in the retina and stimulate repair of damaged nerve fibers. In a mouse model, researchers saw dramatic levels of axon regeneration after using zinc chelators.
Legumain (LGMN) is a cysteine protease over-expressed in tumor microenvironment, facilitating tumour growth and metastasis. Targeting LGMN directly or as a prodrug activator may offer promising cancer management strategies.
A new dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia proposes a biological basis for the disorder, with dopamine signaling playing a key role in its development. The hypothesis has been revised numerous times since clinical observations first implicated dopamine decades ago.
Children of obese mothers are more likely to fail tests of fine motor skill and social competence, while those born to extremely obese couples also show signs of problem-solving ability delays. The study's findings suggest that paternal obesity also has a significant impact on child development.
Researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center have developed a new imaging technique that can distinguish individual retinal ganglion cells, which bear most of the responsibility for relaying visual information to the brain. This breakthrough could enable earlier diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases like glaucoma.
Groundbreaking study establishes a timeline for dinosaur incubation, suggesting 3-6 months. Researchers analyzed dinosaur embryo fossils using CT scans and microscopes to determine growth lines on teeth.
A new study reveals that AMPK plays a key role in enhancing insulin's ability to stimulate glucose uptake in muscles after physical activity. This discovery may lead to the development of an 'exercise pill' for people with limited mobility or those who struggle with physical activity.
Research on dinosaur embryos shows that non-avian dinosaurs took 3-6 months to hatch, similar to reptiles. This finding suggests prolonged incubation may have affected their ability to compete with rapidly evolving bird populations, contributing to the mass extinction event.
The American College of Physicians recommends prescribing metformin as the primary treatment for type 2 diabetes when medication is necessary to improve blood sugar levels. Adding a second oral medication to metformin may provide additional benefits, but the cost should be discussed with clinicians and patients.