A study published in Animal Behaviour documents changes in the 'alalā's vocal repertoire, including a reduction in alarm calls and territory broadcasts. This cultural shift may be related to differences in behavior necessary for survival in protected aviaries.
A randomized trial will investigate canagliflozin's effects on kidney function decline and provide benefits to diabetic patients. The study aims to slow kidney damage and inform treatment decisions.
A large international study has linked early puberty and childlessness to an increased risk of early menopause. Women who had their first period before age 11 were 80% more likely to experience premature or early menopause.
Researchers at San Francisco State University developed a new study that models nonresident seabird foraging distributions to inform ocean zoning. The study could help protect foraging seabirds along the Central California coastline and prioritize conservation efforts.
Researchers define how anti-cancer molecules work, binding to microtubules and destabilizing cell growth. The study's findings can be used to optimize and develop new, safer drugs.
Two renowned medical researchers, Sanford Markowitz and Mukesh K. Jain, receive $6.7 million awards from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to advance studies on colon cancer and age-related cardiovascular risks.
Scientists developed a bioinspired adhesive material that can be controlled remotely by UV light, transporting micro-objects with high precision. The material consists of mushroom-shaped adhesive microstructures and elastic porous material, allowing for reversible control and detachment.
A recent study revealed that climate change is expected to disrupt the balance of nutrients in mountain ecosystems, potentially leading to changes in plant growth and biodiversity. The research found that decreasing elevation can serve as a surrogate indicator for climate warming, leading to increased nitrogen availability in soil.
Researchers developed novel brain-mapping techniques to identify subtle changes in skull and brain shapes, giving a greater insight into conditions. The study focused on Cavalier King Charles Spaniel breed and identified characteristics that cause painful Chiari malformation and Syringomyelia disorder.
Researchers at Stanford University and the University of Tokyo successfully transplanted functional mouse islets into diabetic mice, reversing their condition with minimal immunosuppression. The study suggests a potential approach to generate genetically matched human organs in large animals.
Healthcare professionals have high variation in judgement when assessing the same claimant for disability benefits. The use of standardised approaches to guide judgment is strongly associated with higher agreement, highlighting the need for more research and improved assessment methods.
Researchers found that myokines enhance human cognitive function, plan to use this feature to correct conditions such as autism and memory disorders without medication. They conducted comprehensive studies involving volunteers and animals, including mice, to investigate the production of myokines.
A study of 351 patients with EGFR mutant lung cancer and brain metastases found that radiation therapy followed by targeted medicines resulted in the longest overall survival, with median survival times of 46 months and 30 months respectively. The findings suggest that a more aggressive approach to treating brain metastases may be the ...
A study at Columbia University Medical Center found that a missing CRKL gene causes kidney and urinary tract defects in people with DiGeorge syndrome. The team analyzed genomic data from over 2,600 children with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract.
A Stanford-developed deep learning algorithm accurately diagnoses skin lesions as well as board-certified dermatologists, with potential to provide life-saving smartphone diagnosis. The algorithm was trained on a database of nearly 130,000 images and tested against 21 dermatologists in identifying malignant carcinomas and melanomas.
Researchers found that exposure to pollution from fires in the last few months of gestation leads to earlier birth and smaller babies. The study highlights the need for evidence-based policies to balance economic and environmental goals, especially in developing countries.
Mass drug administration programmes have significantly increased treatment for bilharzia, killing an estimated 280,000 people annually. Praziquantel MDA programmes are effective but long-term effects and resistance to the drug are largely unknown.
Two groups of jumping spiders, Habronattus and Maratus, have evolved rare color vision to see reds, yellows and oranges. They use different mechanisms, with Habronattus employing a red filter and Maratus relying on ultraviolet, blue and green sensitive cells.
Dr. Timothy Anderson received a 5-year, $4.6 million MERIT Award to study drug resistance in malaria parasites and develop effective treatment strategies. The award supports his efforts to understand the genetic determinants of resistance and apply powerful gene editing technologies.
A study found that psychological distress, including anxiety and depression, may increase the risk of death from cancer types such as bowel, prostate, and pancreatic cancer. Higher levels of distress were associated with consistently higher death rates in these groups.
A study published in The BMJ found that hormone treatment among pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with a lower risk of pregnancy loss, but an increased risk of preterm delivery, gestational diabetes, and pre-eclampsia. Women treated with thyroid hormone had a lower risk of pregnancy loss compared to untreated...
The researchers have developed an ultra-lightweight, highly powerful artificial muscle using rubber tubes and high-tensile fibers. It has a strength-to-weight ratio 5-10 times greater than conventional electric motors and hydraulic cylinders, making it suitable for tough robots that can handle strong external shocks and vibrations.
Researchers propose firing deep-ocean sound waves at oncoming tsunamis to dissipate energy and reduce amplitude. This process could minimize damage and save lives, but poses technical challenges including devising accurate frequency transmitters.
A 1-year football training program significantly reduces blood pressure, body fat percentage, and improves bone density in women with mildly high blood pressure. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of Football Fitness as a broad-spectrum medicine for women with high blood pressure.
A recent genetic study discovered 14 new developmental disorders in children, providing diagnoses for over 1,000 individuals and their families. The study revealed that nearly 400,000 annual births worldwide are affected by rare developmental disorders caused by spontaneous mutations.
The San Diego Zoo's Frozen Zoo cell cultures contain genetic variation missing in surviving individuals of the critically endangered northern white rhinoceros. Genome-wide levels of genetic diversity and inbreeding in both southern and northern white rhinos were examined to aid future efforts toward genetic rescue and assisted reproduc...
Researchers have created a new class of polyarylboranes that exhibit high fluorescence and stability, making them suitable for applications in cancer diagnosis, drug delivery, and solar energy cells. The discovery has the potential to revolutionize these industries with low-cost and non-toxic materials.
Researchers at the University of Adelaide have identified a new microRNA that promotes cancer metastasis, leading to the development of a potential blood test for early detection. The discovery also reveals new targets for drugs that may inhibit cancer spread.
Researchers developed a universal CAR T cell therapy that overcomes the obstacle of generating personalized cancer-killing cells from young children. The treatment successfully eradicated leukemia from two infant patients, who remained disease-free for 10 and 16 months.
Researchers found that treating subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy can reduce pregnancy loss, especially for those with higher TSH levels. However, treated women were more likely to experience preterm delivery and gestational diabetes.
Researchers developed a new genetic-testing method to identify the invasive coconut rhinoceros beetle, which can be conducted in just a few hours. This test offers potential for improved defense against the species and prevents misidentification that could lead to wasted resources.
A new Penn-led study found that invasive sedge is more effective at preventing erosion of dunes during big storms compared to native grass. The research suggests that land managers may want to consider the virtues of non-native species when protecting coastal communities.
Researchers found two types of face cells that respond differently to human and non-human faces. The study's findings suggest that the brain processes faces based on attention focus, not just visual presence. This discovery may lead to a better understanding of social cognitive defects like autism.
Experts recommend using risk assessment to regulate endocrine disrupting substances, considering exposure and effects on sensitive species. Hazard assessments are suitable in absence of sufficient data.
Primary care physicians strongly endorse prohibiting insurance denials for pre-existing conditions and allowing young adults to stay on parents' plans until 26. Most favor policy changes increasing consumer choice, such as a public option and tax credits.
A study found that telepsychiatry provides similar clinical outcomes as face-to-face group sessions for patients with opioid use disorder receiving medication treatment with buprenorphine. The pilot study suggests that telepsychiatry may help extend access to medication-assisted treatment, particularly in rural areas.
A recent study by New York University researchers found that Asian immigrants have lower rates of dental service utilization compared to non-Hispanic whites. The study, which analyzed data from the National Health Interview Surveys, identified acculturation and family income level as key factors affecting dental care use among Asian im...
Death clocks, which calculate an individual's life expectancy, are shown to be inconsistent and should come with a health warning. By adjusting for personal characteristics and circumstances, John Appleby found that life expectancy predictions varied widely, from 67-89 years.
Researchers develop antisense oligonucleotide to lower tau protein levels in mice, reversing neurological damage and improving survival. The treatment also shows promise in monkeys, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's and other tau-related diseases.
Researchers found inhibiting metabolic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) sensitizes tumors to Olaparib, expanding cancer treatment options. Combining PGAM1 inhibitors with Olaparib suppresses tumor growth in BRCA-proficient cancers.
A study led by NYU Langone researchers identified CD99, a protein-sugar molecule, as a potential therapeutic target for blood stem cell cancers like acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Antibodies against CD99 can selectively kill cancer stem cells while sparing normal blood stem cells.
The study provides the first visual evidence of a physical link by which genes can receive mechanical cues from their microenvironment. The images show thread-like cytofilaments reaching into and traversing a human breast cell's chromatin-packed nucleus, revealing a direct connection to the nucleus.
A new report in the Canadian Journal of Cardiology found significant disparities in referral patterns among heart function clinics with and without onsite cardiac electrophysiology services. Rural patients were less likely to be referred for implantable cardioverter defibrillators, leading to higher mortality rates.
A study using antibodies from an elite controller has shown that a combination of three broadly neutralizing antibodies can completely suppress HIV in infected mice. The finding validates the approach of using multiple antibodies to control HIV infection, pointing towards a potential new treatment for people infected with HIV.
Despite enacted policies, China's smog remains due to climate change and uncertainty over pollution sources, with nitrogen dioxide and ammonia contributing significantly. Research suggests targeting volatile organic compounds from vehicles could help clean up the air.
Researchers identified how HIV infects macrophages despite protective protein SAMHD1 being switched off. A treatment to maintain macrophage defences could be crucial for reaching an HIV cure.
Research found that babies with more diarrhea as infants had shorter telomeres in adulthood, associated with a higher burden of disease. Telomere length may be an important determinant of susceptibility to diarrheal infections and overall health outcomes.
Researchers developed a new analytical procedure using bioconjugates to identify bacterial species in minutes, reducing waiting time and increasing measurement accuracy. The technique uses a flow cytometer and is easy to adapt and inexpensive.
Duke University researchers identified the caudate nucleus as the brain structure responsible for forming direct links between environmental stimuli and enhanced focus. By repeating exposure to specific faces, participants could trigger automatic focus and bypass distractions.
The NASA Human Research Program Investigators' Workshop in Galveston, Texas, brought together scientists and students to tackle the complex field of Omics. Researchers presented preliminary results from the Twins Study, which examines the effects of long-duration spaceflight on identical twins Scott and Mark Kelly.
The genomes of Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale parasites have been sequenced, revealing genes that could be involved in human infection and immune evasion. These findings may lead to the development of improved diagnostic tools and vaccines against these less common but still deadly malaria species.
Researchers have shed light on the relationship between misfolded alpha-synuclein protein and Parkinson's disease, identifying key genes and cellular processes involved. The study provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms of synucleinopathies, paving the way for developing patient-specific treatments.
The European LeukemiaNet has released updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults, including revised genetic categories and a proposed response category based on minimal residual disease status. These recommendations aim to improve patient outcomes and harmonize clinical trials.
A new study from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution reveals that Antarctic Bottom Water has freshened at an unexpected rate between 2007 and 2016, potentially altering ocean circulation and contributing to sea level rise. The researchers hypothesize that a recent landscape-changing event may be responsible for the shift.
Researchers engineered four floating treatment wetland designs using different materials and plants, finding they can affect water quality in similar ways to natural wetlands. The study suggests these systems could help treat wastewater by enhancing nitrogen removal and managing algal blooms.
A new analysis by the American Geophysical Union found that women across all age groups have fewer opportunities than men to serve as peer reviewers of manuscripts. The study suggests that journals should take additional steps to get more women involved in peer reviewing to advance and retain women in science.
A new fossil site in Canada has yielded exceptionally preserved Jurassic marine fossils, including soft-bodied species that rarely fossilize. The site, known as a Konservat-Lagerstätte, offers a unique snapshot of life in the Early Jurassic Panthalassa Ocean.
Younger patients with colon cancer are nearly 2 to 8 times more likely to receive postoperative chemotherapy than older patients, yet no added survival benefit is seen for these patients. The study's findings suggest overtreatment of young and middle-aged adults with colon cancer.
Researchers found that a 20-minute session of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improves bulimia symptoms, mood, and self-regulatory control. This breakthrough study offers hope for a new therapy for the mental health condition.
The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) implemented a multi-year initiative to improve antibiotic use, resulting in a 12% decrease in inpatient antibiotic use. The program's success was attributed to the involvement of multiple disciplines and leadership buy-in.