UT Southwestern researchers have developed a method for direct conversion of double bond-containing hydrocarbons into multifunctional compounds with high purity. The new reaction utilizes a specially designed chiral catalyst to selectively create desirable molecules, accelerating pharmaceutical production.
Located close to the Milky Way, IC 342 is a sweeping spiral galaxy with an active core. The Hubble Space Telescope image reveals a mixture of hot star-forming regions, cooler gas, and dark dust lanes around the bright core, indicating the presence of ionized hydrogen.
A computer vision system analyzed street-level photos to gauge neighborhood safety and predict urban change. The study found that the density of highly educated residents, rather than income or ethnic composition, predicts revitalization in five American cities.
Researchers developed a meniscus-assisted solution printing (MASP) technique to fabricate high-efficiency perovskite solar cells with large crystals. The process boosts power conversion efficiencies by controlling crystal size and orientation, resulting in stable and efficient solar cells.
Two subsets of dendritic cells work together to activate T cells against a virus. CD141+ DCs produce viral fragments from infected CD1c+ DCs, which they then present to T cells.
A new international study using advanced modeling techniques predicts that extreme sea levels will occur more frequently, causing significant damage and loss of life. The researchers found that regions such as the US west coast and large parts of Europe and Australia are particularly threatened by 2050.
Baits have become a significant portion of black bears' diets, potentially bolstering population density. The widespread consumption of calorically rich foods may be driven by the goals and consequences of baiting policies needing re-evaluation.
Researchers found genetically diverse strains of C. difficile in soil samples from children's and dogs' sandboxes in Madrid. The presence of certain strains with increased toxin production poses a significant threat to human and animal health.
Researchers found that prenatal alcohol exposure alters the brain's reward system, making individuals more susceptible to addiction. The study suggests that endocannibinoids play a critical role in this process, leading to increased sensitivity to drugs of abuse and decreased dopamine neuron function.
Researchers found Epac2A controls insulin release amount and timing at cell membrane sites. Patients with type 2 diabetes have lower Epac2A levels, suggesting a link to reduced insulin secretion.
Diversity in cultural values is associated with lower regional economic development in Europe. Polarized societies hinder coordination and lead to lower public goods provision.
Researchers are testing graphene's potential in space applications through two experiments. GrapheneX, a student-led team, will use microgravity conditions to test graphene for light sails, while another experiment investigates how graphene improves efficiency in loop heat pipes, crucial for satellite cooling systems.
The study found that despite a colder climate, residents in Ii Hamina survived for centuries by having similar diets from childhood to adulthood. However, one individual displayed variation in isotope composition potentially attributable to poor nutrition.
Dian Donnai, a clinical geneticist and educator, received the ASHG's 2017 Education Award for her efforts in human genetics education. Her research focused on understanding developmental disorders in children, and she founded several international conferences and workshops to promote collaboration.
Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology researchers created efficient catalysts based on inexpensive and abundant manganese to convert carbon dioxide into formic acid and formamide, widely used in industry. The new catalyst can perform over 6,000 turnovers and is stable in air, opening possibilities for other CO2 conversions.
Researchers from Lomonosov Moscow State University directly measured giant resonant fields in subwavelength dielectric particles, overcoming measurement difficulties by using radio waves. The study provides theoretical explanation and has potential applications in medicine, biology, telecommunications, and optical computing.
Researchers at Oregon State University have discovered that diatoms, previously thought to be asexual, reproduce sexually using ammonium as an inducer. The findings may aid in the evolution of sexual behavior and offer promising biotechnological applications.
A recent study found that babies who were large at birth had an increased likelihood of being obese when they were in kindergarten to second grade. Children who were heavy as infants remained heavier than those born at normal birthweight, highlighting the importance of early lifestyle interventions to prevent obesity.
Patients with diabetes who experience severe dysglycemia are at highest risk for recurrent episodes and readmission. Discharge planning and post-hospital follow-up can help prevent readmissions.
Research from the University of Liverpool reveals a strong association between childhood obesity and hip diseases, particularly Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE). Obese children are at highest risk of developing SCFE, which can cause significant pain and lead to hip replacement in adolescence or early adulthood.
Low-income students report that reciprocal peer relationships, teachers who care, and family assets contribute to their academic success. The study's findings can inform program design to support students at risk of failure due to poverty.
Researchers studied how hospitalized older adults choose post-acute care facilities, finding they often rely on limited information and make hasty decisions. Key factors in choosing a facility include proximity, prior experience, and staff quality, but these are rarely considered.
New research suggests that educating patients' immune cells with cord blood stem cells may help combat type 1 and 2 diabetes. The therapy is safe and effective in improving islet beta cell function, making it a potential treatment for other autoimmune diseases.
A family-based treatment approach for childhood obesity was found to be effective in reducing body mass index standard deviation scores. Young age and high BMI-SDS at baseline, as well as good motivation for treatment and adherence to the protocol, were key factors associated with successful weight loss.
The employment-to-population ratio for working-age people with disabilities increased from 28.1% in June 2016 to 29.8% in June 2017, up 6%. Labor force participation rates also rose, with people with disabilities outpacing those without disabilities.
Scientists have discovered that hypnotic states significantly impair deep processing operations while allowing simple perception to occur. This suggests that hypnosis affects specific regions of the brain when receiving visual stimuli.
Researchers have developed a copper-catalyzed double hydroboration method to synthesize internal gem-diborylalkanes. The approach restricts regioselectivity with carbonyl groups, overcoming previous challenges with internal alkynes.
A team of engineers from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the University at Buffalo has developed a powerful new photodetector that combines unique fabrication methods and light-trapping structures. The device increases light absorption in thin materials, enabling smaller optoelectronic devices with improved performance.
Breastfeeding peer support services vary across UK regions, with only 56% of NHS areas offering them. Mothers from poorer areas often face challenges in accessing these services, exacerbating existing health inequalities.
A recent study found that psychosocial factors such as depression and anxiety disorders have a stronger negative impact on subjective well-being in older adults. The researchers analyzed data from over 3,600 participants aged 73 and found that women living alone were more likely to experience low well-being.
More than 115,000 children under five die annually from RSV complications, with half occurring outside hospitals in developing countries. Researchers call for affordable treatments and vaccines as a priority to combat the virus.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge have developed a new statistical model to estimate kidney function in cancer patients, improving chemotherapy dosing accuracy. The model reduces errors from over 20% to 11.7% compared to existing methods.
A simple test for bladder cancer has been developed that can predict its return in over 80% of patients, identifying the faulty protein TERT. This new method detects bladder cancers earlier than existing tests and distinguishes them from urinary tract infections, potentially helping doctors start treatment sooner.
A new circular RNA marker has been identified in blood and lung tissue, associated with increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. High expression of this marker may improve lung cancer screening and detection at late stages.
Researchers at NYU Dentistry aim to understand how immune cells contribute to sex differences in oral cancer pain. The study will determine if neutrophil infiltration affects pain levels in patients and explore a potential mechanism for improving pain management.
A new study by UCR psychology professor Kelly Huffman found that prenatal ethanol exposure causes abnormalities in the brain and behavior that may be passed on for many generations. The research shows that drinking alcohol during pregnancy can lead to adverse outcomes in future grand- and even great-grandchildren, including reduced bod...
Researchers at NYU College of Dentistry have identified succinate as a promising target to prevent bone fractures in people with type 2 diabetes. The study found that hyperglycemic mice had significantly higher levels of succinate, leading to more fragile bones and increased risk of fractures.
A new nurse-led intervention helps carers manage medication and cancer pain, offering a systematic and comprehensive approach to supporting carer management of pain medicines. The intervention promotes self-evaluation of competence and addresses carers' beliefs, knowledge, and skills.
A new study reveals that non-adherence to medication regimens significantly increases healthcare costs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Adhering to prescribed medication can help reduce costs and improve health outcomes.
Currently available drugs may be used alone or in combination to treat infectious diseases, addressing a pressing need due to slow development of new therapies. Non-profit entities and private industry collaboration is crucial for discovering novel interventions to combat drug-resistant pathogens.
NASA satellite imagery revealed Tropical Depression 4 is losing its punch, moving into a relatively dry environment. The National Hurricane Center expects the storm to degenerate into a remnant low pressure area tonight.
Researchers review three cases of delayed-onset PTSD in patients with dementia, highlighting the importance of recognizing early life trauma. Clinicians can differentiate between PTSD and BPSD by considering a patient's unique narrative and history of previous trauma.
A 16-year study found that men who never smoked, maintained a healthy diet, and weren
Researchers have discovered that dragline silk from golden orb weaver spiders dissipates energy when twisted, preventing it from spinning uncontrollably. This property makes it an attractive material for biomimetic fibers with potential uses in violin strings, helicopter rescue ladders and parachute cords.
Scientists from India develop a simple strategy to recover spilt oil by tightly binding it to a porous matrix, allowing for easy scooping and recycling. The cellulose-based system effectively absorbs oil without sucking in water, making it an environmentally friendly solution.
A randomized clinical trial found that mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) decreased stress and improved blood sugar levels in overweight women. While MBSR had no significant impact on weight or insulin resistance, it may have potential benefits for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
Researchers have theoretically predicted a new class of insulating phases, pinpointing potential locations in nature. These insulators generate quantized electric quadrupole or octupole moments, offering a significant theoretical breakthrough in condensed matter research.
Universities are employing innovative programs, makerspaces, and business accelerators to nurture future innovators. Researchers highlight the benefits of platform strategies in tech transfer, accelerating research and IP commercialization.
Researchers from the University of Copenhagen found that fasting blood sugar and/or fasting insulin can be used to select optimal diets and predict weight loss, particularly for those with prediabetes. A diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and wholegrains may improve diabetes markers for most people with prediabetes.
Researchers found that SMAD4 loss is associated with cetuximab resistance and induction of MAPK/JNK activation in HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. The study suggests that targeting pro-survival pathways may be a novel strategy for overcoming cetuximab resistance.
A recent study found that exposing baby cacao plants to healthy adult plant microbes reduces the risk of disease. Microbes from mother trees strengthen the immune system of baby trees, making them less susceptible to pathogens. This discovery has significant implications for the global chocolate industry.
A team led by Gang Han has designed a human protein-based, tumor-targeting Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast that can be easily cleared by the body. This discovery holds promise for clinical applications, including enhanced MRI contrast for early-stage tumor detection.
Researchers from the University of Copenhagen and Cornell University have discovered why certain iron-based materials exhibit fine superconducting properties. The findings suggest that individual modes of operation facilitate superconductivity in these materials.
The EPICUP® test, based on DNA analysis, can correctly diagnose CUP in 70% of cases, increasing the detection rate from traditional methods' 30%. This leads to the development of more specific treatments for these patients.
International research team discovers extremely low-oxygen regions in Atlantic Ocean, producing high levels of nitrous oxide. The phenomenon was previously unknown and had escaped research due to the small size and mobility of these eddies.
Researchers developed silver-silica nanoparticles with an ampicillin coating that target antibiotic-resistant bacteria while being inert to human cells. The nanoantibiotic showed efficacy against both resistant and non-resistant strains of E. coli, offering a promising strategy for combating drug-resistant infections.
A multicenter trial will assess the effectiveness of bariatric surgery compared to medical and lifestyle therapy for treating Type 2 diabetes. The study aims to identify clinical predictors of diabetes remission and relapse, with data collected from 302 patients over seven years.