A study using computer vision algorithms examines millions of Google Street View images to measure urban change, finding that high density and education are key drivers of improvement. The research also supports three classical theories of urban change, highlighting the importance of human capital and education in shaping cities.
Researchers found dosage compensation to be widespread in butterflies and moths, with consistent expression of Z-linked genes between sexes. However, gonads showed imbalance due to masculinization of the Z chromosome and loss of female-biased genes.
The Three Gorges Dam has altered downstream schistosomiasis rates by changing snail distribution, with human infection rates decreasing from 3.38% to 0.44%. Low water levels due to the dam have made Dongting Lake an unsuitable environment for snails.
Researchers at LSTM have created synthetic alternatives to IVIg therapy for conditions like CIDP and Guillain-Barré syndrome. The new treatments, enriched with sialic acids, can be produced at a fraction of the cost and may offer relief to millions of people globally.
A recent study by Duke University researchers demonstrates a vaccine approach that appears to protect fetuses from congenital CMV infection. The findings, published in JCI Insight, suggest potent antibodies can prevent viral transmission and severe disease in developing fetuses.
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed a method to analyze sediment and animal life on the ocean floor, reducing the need for time-intensive identification work. The study found relationships between sediment characteristics and marine animal life consistent across eight sites off the Pacific Northwest coast.
A recent study found that biopsy tests had no impact on kidney function after transplantation from living donors, but did influence outcomes with deceased donor kidneys. Despite this, nearly 20% of organs are still being discarded in the US due to suboptimal biopsy results.
Men feel more distressed by sexual infidelity, while women are upset by emotional messages, with women generally more upset than men regardless of message content. The study supports evolutionarily derived theories that suggest differences in what triggers jealousy among men and women.
A study by Kent State researchers found that playing Pokémon GO increased daily walking behavior by 102 percent among college students. The game also reduced sedentary behavior by 25 percent during the first week after downloading. These positive effects persisted weeks later, even with a decrease in game play frequency.
A new study found that Conversation Cards can help families prioritize key challenges regarding pediatric weight management and create treatment plans with health care providers. The most popular card choices reflected families' readiness to make healthy changes, preference for involving children and adolescents in clinical discussions.
Researchers at the University of Bath have been awarded £1M to develop new catalysts using iron, which could reduce environmental impact and improve efficiency. The project aims to create sustainable methods for producing molecules crucial for manufacturing pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
A nationwide registry study of 156,000 people found that daily incidence rates of myocardial infarction were higher during winter holidays and on Mondays, but lower during weekends and summer vacation. The study suggests that perceived psychosocial stress may be a trigger for MI rates.
Researchers found that fertile females suffered more aggression from males than pregnant and lactating females did. Males used long-term sexual intimidation by repeatedly attacking and chasing females before ovulation to monopolize sexual access.
New research reveals that bacteria in fruit flies use a arsenal of toxins to defend against parasitic wasps, specifically targeting their ribosomes. The study found that the bacteria produce ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) that attack and disable the parasite's ribosomes.
Women who receive false-positive mammogram results are more likely to begin medication for anxiety or depression than those with immediate negative results. A 10-20% higher rate of prescription medications was found in patients requiring multiple tests to rule out a breast cancer diagnosis.
Tropical Depression 4 formed over the central Atlantic Ocean on July 6, with heavy showers and rain rates exceeding 44mm/hour. The depression is moving west-northwest at 16mph and is expected to remain a depression for several days before potentially reaching tropical storm status.
Researchers at NIST have measured the vapor pressure of delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a fundamental property for developing accurate marijuana breathalyzers. The study uses PLOT-cryo technology to capture and analyze THC molecules, providing crucial groundwork for manufacturers.
Researchers at QUT have developed a new, genetically modified banana rich in pro-vitamin A, a crucial nutrient for fighting vitamin A deficiency. The project aims to improve the nutritional content of bananas in Uganda, where they are a staple food and lack essential micronutrients.
The study reveals genes controlling key traits in wheat domestication and identifies novel variation to improve grain quality and drought tolerance. Researchers have created a 'time tunnel' to examine wheat from its wild origins, enabling the identification of genes involved in domestication.
Researchers have developed a novel PET tracer that can detect small blood clots in veins and arteries, providing valuable information for diagnosis and treatment. The tracer binds to GPIIb/IIIa receptors, targeting the critical molecular components involved in platelet clumping.
The study reveals that participants in a corridor setup exhibited lower crowd density than in a semicircle setup. Psychological aspects, including social norms and fairness, are believed to play a role in shaping the behavior of crowds. The findings suggest that purely physical models are insufficient for understanding crowd dynamics.
An international team of scientists discovered a possible cause for irregularities in climate evolution: enhanced volcanic activity induced by falling sea levels. This study found that reduced pressure on the seafloor led to increased lava and carbon dioxide emissions, stabilizing atmospheric CO2 concentrations during glacial periods.
Astronomers have discovered an exoplanet, HIP65426b, using the SPHERE/VLT instrument for the first time. The planet is located at three times the Earth-Neptune distance from its star and has a mass 6 to 12 times higher than Jupiter.
A recent study by the University of Zurich found that exposure to sialic acid from farm animals can prevent asthma in children. This protective effect is due to an anti-inflammatory response triggered by regulatory T-cells, which dampen incorrect immune responses.
Researchers have identified the genetic mutation MYMK as the cause of CFZS syndrome, a rare muscle disorder characterized by facial weakness and scoliosis. The discovery opens new avenues for diagnosis, treatment, and therapy development, including the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology.
Researchers identified a gene in wheat that protects against a deadly fungus, which was lost from many wheat crops in the 1980s. Restoring this gene could limit impacts of the fungal pathogen.
Scientists have found evidence for a new type of electron pairing that may unify the concept of high-temperature superconductivity. Orbital-selective electron pairing has been observed in an iron-based material, suggesting that dissimilar electronic characteristics hold the key to commonality.
A new clinical trial found that high doses of vitamin D can reduce skin redness, swelling, and inflammation after a sunburn. Vitamin D at doses of 50,000-200,000 IU was shown to have long-lasting benefits in reducing skin inflammation and promoting skin barrier repair.
Researchers at Dartmouth Health have received a five-year, $12.1 million NIH grant to study and improve the precision of lung cancer risk and screening. The team aims to enhance understanding of gene-environment interactions in lung cancer etiology and translate observations into improved screening eligibility criteria.
Scientists have developed a technique to map thermal conductivity at the nanoscale, enabling more efficient thermoelectric materials. This breakthrough uses scanning thermal microscopy to analyze three-phase thermoelectric materials and determine their local thermal conductivity.
A new DNA study reveals that fidelity to breeding grounds plays a major role in shaping humpback whale populations. The research found that female whales' annual returns to the same breeding grounds and their early experience with calves influence population structure, leading to differences between whale populations.
A multiyear global assessment by researchers from NCEAS found that the world's oceans have a health record with stable overall health but declining trends in various indicators such as water quality and food provision. Countries taking concrete actions to protect their oceans, like Indonesia and Mexico, are seeing notable improvements.
A new study published in Neuron provides direct experimental evidence for the 'Memory-Synapse Specificity' Hypothesis, linking a specific type of synapse to a particular behavior and memory. The research reveals that synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) at a specific type of synapse encodes socially acquired olfactory memory.
Astronomers use gravitational lens to magnify light from distant galaxy, revealing two dozen clumps of newborn stars. This contradicts earlier theories suggesting larger star-forming regions in the early universe.
A team of researchers has identified 26 compounds from sponges and other marine organisms that are active against replicating tuberculosis bacteria, with 19 killing dormant bacteria. This is a novelty as existing drugs are better at killing replicating bacteria.
Researchers at The Francis Crick Institute and The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine identified a key protein involved in malaria parasite escape. Disrupting this protein reduces the efficiency of parasite escape, slowing down infection rate.
Researchers develop precise new way to study materials, revealing strong electron-phonon coupling that could lead to unprecedented superconductivity. The approach allows scientists to validate theories and computations describing complex materials' behavior, providing deep insights into their behavior.
A novel DNA-based strategy delivers monoclonal antibodies to protect against highly diverse strains of influenza A and B viruses. The approach holds promise as a simple and economical way to overcome current flu vaccination limitations.
A new image-based method reconstructs wiry objects in 3-D with higher resolution and accuracy, benefiting fields like animation, medicine, and topology extraction. The technique uses short connections to assemble wire configurations, exploiting unique characteristics of wiry objects.
A hospital nurse's opioid diversion led to a cluster outbreak of Serratia marcescens bacteria, infecting five patients. The tampered syringes were linked to the outbreak, and the nurse was terminated.
Researchers at AAAS found that Indian preschoolers who played math games for four months showed significant improvements in math assessments, with gains lasting up to a year. The study suggests that preschool-level training with numerate adults can help prepare children for primary school math curricula.
Edward R.B. McCabe, MD, PhD, received the ASHG 2017 Advocacy Award for his extensive efforts to integrate genetics into health systems and promote funding for biomedical research. He has worked on various initiatives, including Newborn Screening Saves Lives Reauthorization Act and Zika virus public education.
A new study found that learning with music significantly develops white matter pathways in the brain, improving motor skill execution. Researchers used musical cues to help volunteers learn a physical task, showing increased structural connectivity between auditory and motor regions.
Salk scientists discovered that mathematical rules governing plant growth are similar to brain cell connections. The team used 3D laser scanning to analyze plant architecture and found a Gaussian branch density function, suggesting universal rules of logic governing branching growth across biological systems.
Researchers explored the impact of money primes on self-sufficient thinking and behavior across three experiments involving diverse participant groups. The results show weak and inconsistent effects of money primes on various measures of self-sufficiency.
Researchers used 3-D genetic sequencing data to study the evolution of wheat from wild tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum) to domesticated wheat. They found two gene clusters that lost their function, leading to changes in spike morphology and grain development.
Researchers studied decision-making in real-time using mouse trajectories, finding that individuals with low self-control veer closer to unhealthy foods. The study suggests a more dynamical process where both healthy and unhealthy choices compete from the beginning, contradicting dual systems theory.
UMass Amherst researchers investigate strike-slip faults, revealing the 'Lazy Earth' hypothesis, where faults evolve to optimize energy transformation. The study identifies four stages in fault evolution: pre-faulting, localization, linkage, and slip, with irregularities persisting along mature faults.
The project aims to improve the usage of digital technologies for research by developing new methods for analyzing historical newspapers. The team will use deep learning to correct errors in text recognition and enhance entity recognition using external data repositories.
A study found that preschool children who played math games improved in conceptual math skills, but these gains did not transfer to primary school. The intervention had no effect on formal math skills, despite improving non-symbolic abilities.
Research from WorldFish and MIT reveals that involving local farmers in tackling a problem provides long-lasting benefits, rather than just introducing new technologies. The study focuses on two examples: reducing fish spoilage in Zambia and developing virus-resistant abaca varieties in the Philippines.
Researchers found that rats use local visual cues more than idiothetic cues when navigating through identical environments in darkness. Place cell activity indicated that animals were unaware of separate environments, suggesting reliance on visual cues over directional sense.
A new study found that snakebites in rural Sri Lanka result in significant economic losses for individuals and the healthcare system. The annual costs are estimated at over $10 million, with victims experiencing median out-of-pocket costs of $11.82 and a loss of income of up to $33.21.
Researchers have discovered how Cpf1, a new molecular scissor, can act like a GPS to identify its destination in the genome, enabling precise genome modification and repair. The high precision of Cpf1 will improve the use of this technology in repairing genetic damage and other medical applications.
Scientists discover tau protein can form compact droplets with RNA, creating conditions for aggregation. The novel state highly concentrates tau and makes it vulnerable to fibril formation.
Tropical Storm Nanmadol caused severe flooding and one death in southwestern Japan. The GPM satellite measured intense precipitation bands, with rain falling at a rate of over 3.3 inches per hour in an area near the Korea Strait.
A new study found that willow warblers' genetic make-up determines their migration patterns depending on where they breed in the summer. The researchers discovered significant differences in over 200 genes between birds breeding in southern and northern Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic States.
Researchers from HKUST created a B12-dependent light-sensing hydrogel by covalently stitching together photoreceptor proteins, enabling rapid gel-sol transition on light exposure. This allows for controlled release of stem cells and proteins with high spatiotemporal precision.
A novel property of tau protein has been identified, which may reveal a new step in the formation of pathological tau aggregates. The protein can condense into a compact droplet in a complex with RNA, retaining its liquid properties and creating conditions for vulnerability to aggregation.
Researchers have identified a rare genetic syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, seizures, and distinctive facial features. The study, led by Matthew A. Deardorff, describes WDR26 haploinsufficiency syndrome and provides initial information for counseling patients and families.
A UK plant pathologist has uncovered an important genetic link to the devastating wheat blast fungus. The research found that a mutation in a key gene allows the fungus to escape wheat resistance, compromising crop yields and sparking global efforts to breed blast-resistant wheat.
Researchers identify JAK2-STAT3 cellular signaling pathway as key link between high-fat diet and tumor growth in the colon. The study provides insight into how diet influences cancer stem cell populations, potentially leading to new therapeutics.
A study in Jakarta found that ending a carpooling policy increased morning rush-hour travel times by 46%, while evening travel times surged by 87%. The research suggests the policy helped reduce overall cars on the road, but had negative effects on traffic flow.
The Indiana Training Program in Public and Population Health Informatics prepares graduate students and post-doctoral fellows to work in healthcare, academia, and public health departments. The program aims to fill the growing need for informaticians who can design solutions key to human health.
Researchers at Lancaster University showcase a new smartphone app that can verify product authenticity using graphene-based digital fingerprints. The technology has the potential to eradicate product counterfeiting and forgery, two of the costliest crimes in the world.
The late adolescent years are a critical period for bone growth, with 10% of bone mass continuing to accumulate after adult height is reached. A study found that bone mineral density develops at different rates in different parts of the skeleton, highlighting the importance of considering growth trajectories when interpreting data.
Researchers have found that lymph node metastases are not always the source of cancer's spread to other organs, and instead, distant metastases can originate directly from the primary tumor. In most cases (65%), both lymph node and distant metastases originated from the same cell type in the primary tumor, indicating independent origins.
Researchers have developed a new manganese and sodium-ion-based material that could potentially lower battery costs and improve ecofriendliness. The new material uses sodium instead of lithium, which is more abundant but has some drawbacks, such as lower energy density.
Researchers at UVA are receiving $8.6 million in federal grants to support cutting-edge projects that could dramatically increase the number of lungs available for transplant and save lives. The funding supports efforts to detect post-transplant complications, prevent IR injury, and better understand its causes.
Scientists have identified patterns in the Earth's magnetic field that evolve on a 1,000-year timescale, allowing for finer resolution of past changes. This discovery enables researchers to study the planet's history with greater precision using a 'geomagnetic fingerprint'.
Scientists at the University of Oxford are recreating supernovae in a laboratory using lasers, allowing them to study the properties of these explosive events. This research is helping scientists better understand the origins of our universe and the formation of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium.
A new study published in PLOS ONE demonstrates a single molecule microRNA technology that can detect liver toxicity with high accuracy and specificity. The method, developed by Quanterix, uses a PCR-free approach to measure miR-122, a promising biomarker for drug-induced liver injury.
Researchers found that identical twins share more T-cell clone receptors than expected due to potential exchange of T cells through cord blood before birth. This phenomenon suggests that some immune system cell clones created before birth can persist for about 40 years, shedding light on the diversity of T cell receptors in adults.
Korean scientists report that ceria-zirconia nanoparticles act as effective scavengers of oxygen radicals, promoting a greatly enhanced surviving rate in sepsis model organisms. The nanoparticles accumulate in organs where severe immune responses occur and successfully eradicate reactive oxygen species.
A recent study found that elderly patients who visit emergency departments due to falls are at risk for adverse events, including additional falls, hospitalization, and death within 6 months. The study highlights the importance of educating patients on how to prevent falls after discharge from the emergency department.
A new report finds that nearly half of all cancer deaths in China are attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors. The study reveals that effective public health interventions can have a significant impact on reducing the cancer burden in China.
Researchers have developed virus-derived expression vectors as a potential gene therapy vehicle for treating various diseases. These vectors use viral sequences to silence specific genes or induce RNA interference, effectively downregulating viral replication and expressing therapeutic proteins.
A new study found that distractions occurred in almost half of feedings, with technology-based distractions being the most common. Mothers enrolled in WIC reported better feeding interactions, but frequent engagement in distractions was predicted by having more children or certain infant characteristics.
Scientists reconstructed annual temperature anomaly in southern China from 1850-2009 using high-resolution temperature proxies. The results show robust centennial warming and a first rapid cooling followed by significant warming intervals, with the most recent being from 1970, featuring unprecedented warmth rates.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University developed a computer that can understand body poses and movements of multiple people in real-time, including finger poses, using a single camera and laptop. This enables new ways for people and machines to interact, such as more natural communication with computers by pointing at objects.
Researchers developed a cost-effective method to produce biomimetic structural colors, overcoming previous limitations and enabling large-scale and flexible fabrication. The technique uses quasi-ordered scattering and can be fine-tuned by controlling synthesis conditions.
Researchers have discovered that corticosteroids, a main treatment for asthma, can actually exacerbate the disease in certain cases. The study found that high levels of inflammatory protein CXCL10 and interferon-gamma are linked to poor lung function and worsening symptoms.
Researchers at the Institute for Basic Science used optogenetics to manipulate thalamic spindles in mice, affecting their ability to recall memories. The study found that artificial spindles administered at specific timing enhanced memory consolidation, while reduced spindles impaired recall.
A new research article proposes that stress-adapted children's traits, such as heightened vigilance and empathic accuracy, should be leveraged to enhance learning and intervention outcomes. These skills may allow at-risk children to perform better than peers from low-risk backgrounds when faced with uncertainty and stress.
Scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery using real-time monitoring to quantify cooperativity in hydrophobic interactions, demonstrating its critical role in stabilizing macromolecular assembly. The study's innovative microfluidic device enables precise tracking of solute molecule aggregation at sub-microsecond timescales.
Researchers found that small 'weedy' species will thrive in high CO2 environments, dominating marine biodiversity. The study suggests that reducing overfishing of intermediate predators could delay biodiversity loss and ecosystem change.
Researchers from IBS Center for Geometry and Physics introduce a new mathematical operation to catalog Legendrian singular knots, crucial for understanding complex 3D spaces like our universe. The study aims to explore the fascinating possibilities of 3D spaces and provide a tentative list of all possible shapes.
A new study by MIT economists reveals that eliminating High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) policies in Jakarta, Indonesia, led to a significant increase in urban traffic congestion. The study found that travel delays became 46% worse during the morning rush hour and 87% worse during the evening rush hour after the policy was discontinued.
A standardized discharge planning program called Project ReEngineered Discharge (RED) improves patient experience by providing a clear plan for self-care at home. The study found patients who received the RED intervention were more likely to feel comfortable caring for themselves, with higher satisfaction rates.
Researchers developed a facile synthetic route to fabricate N/S co-doped carbon microspheres, achieving high capacitance and capacitance retention. The optimized material shows promising performance for practical applications of supercapacitors.
A new study from the University of Turku reveals that ferns' survival during mass extinctions is linked to environmental changes, while species origination is driven by factors such as low diversity levels after major events. This finding clarifies the contrasting views on biodiversity regulation.
Common insurance plans leave access to top cancer hospitals at risk due to narrow network exclusions. Researchers call for greater transparency and more patient access.
Researchers found that temporal mismatches between bees and plant species lead to negative consequences, including reduced plant pollination. Bees develop species-specific strategies to mitigate the impact, but these are not sufficient to prevent severe fitness loss.
Researchers expose newborn mice to isoflurane, a widely used anesthetic agent, and find chronic activation of the mTOR pathway, which affects normal brain development. The study reveals abnormal neuron structure and impaired learning abilities in mice exposed to isoflurane.
Gonorrhea is a growing global health crisis with over 60% of countries reporting resistance to last-resort treatments. Gardp and Entasis partner on zoliflodacin, a novel first-in-class oral antibiotic with potent activity against drug-resistant strains.
Using supercomputer simulations, researchers have discovered that kinks in DNA can significantly reduce energy and pressure, allowing it to fit into a micron-sized space. The findings provide new insights into how cells pack DNA and could lead to advances in understanding biological phenomena.
A new report from the University of Kent shows how anti-gravity treadmills help knee surgery patients return to running, reducing fears and increasing self-belief. The devices use adjustable air pressure to reduce joint load and facilitate a safe transition back to sports.
Research from the VA TBI Model System reveals differences in characteristics and outcomes between military and civilian traumatic brain injury patients. These findings have important implications for treatment and long-term care of veterans with TBI.
A recent study found that nearly 10% of terminal cancer patients are unwilling to face their prognosis, hindering them from making informed end-of-life plans. Healthcare professionals should assess patients' readiness for prognostic information and provide sensitive coaching to cultivate accurate awareness.
A new study by Colorado State University researchers provides the first biological map of priority areas that capture multiple dimensions of mammalian biodiversity. This approach can help safeguard vulnerable mammals and ensure their evolutionary potential to adapt in a rapidly changing world.
UC Riverside researchers predict California will see a 12% increase in precipitation by 2100, with northern and central regions experiencing the largest increases. The study attributes this change to a southeastward shift of the jet stream, encouraged by warming sea surface temperatures.
Researchers have discovered a novel approach to controlling quanta using the tennis racket effect, which can visualize fault-tolerant manipulation of quanta. This breakthrough enables faster and more efficient quantum computing, with potential applications in secure networks and ultrafast quantum computers.
Raul Briceno receives Kenneth G. Wilson Award for his groundbreaking contributions to lattice field theory, enabling research on nuclear matter resonances using lattice Quantum Chromodynamics.
Researchers at Yale University have discovered 60 new potential 'hot Jupiters,' gas giant planets that orbit extremely close to their stars. The discovery was made possible by a novel application of machine learning algorithms and the analysis of more than 140,000 star observations from NASA's Kepler mission.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has renewed funding for the University of Pittsburgh's Cardiovascular Bioengineering Training Program, which educates students in cardiovascular research and prepares them for careers in basic and translational cardiovascular research. The program focuses on three areas: understanding native and ...