A new study has identified distinct patterns of side effects in prostate cancer treatment choices, providing insights for patients to make informed decisions. The research found that surgery was linked to higher sexual dysfunction and urinary leakage than other options.
Two studies found that radical prostatectomy was associated with greater decreases in sexual function and urinary incontinence compared to active surveillance. However, no significant differences were found in bowel or hormonal function beyond 12 months.
Scientists developed a simple formula to predict glass transition temperatures for confined liquids, taking into account film thickness and density profile. This approach has important implications for various applications such as photolithography and lab-on-a-chip devices.
Researchers have developed a new model that better calculates the expected level of capillary rise in nano-channels, which is crucial for fracking. The model takes into account the surface roughness of the capillaries and adjusts parameters to account for frictional drag.
A Vanderbilt University study found that active surveillance is a viable option for low-risk prostate cancer patients, preserving quality of life without significant side effects. The treatment was associated with excellent three-year survival rates and comparable outcomes to traditional treatments.
Researchers aim to understand Earth's internal evolution through palaeomagnetism, shedding light on the role of the deep mantle in plate tectonics and the planet's magnetic field. The project seeks to answer questions about Earth's geological lifespan and the conditions that shape its surface.
Researchers found that using a satnav switches off brain regions involved in navigating new streets, suggesting the technology reduces mental effort. The study also mapped London's street network to understand how the brain reacts to different layouts.
A study found that American adults who survive deliberate self-harm are at increased risk of suicide in the following year. Firearm-related self-harm was associated with the highest suicide risk, with males and older, white adults being disproportionately affected.
A new study published in the British Journal of Surgery found that day of the week did not affect survival chances of people undergoing emergency surgery. Researchers analyzed over 50,000 emergency surgery cases in Scotland and found no evidence to link day of the week to an increased risk of death.
Scientists found that entangled quantum information shared between two regions of a container is determined by surface area, not volume, in superfluid helium. This discovery points to deeper understanding of reality and may be a step toward a long-sought quantum theory of gravity.
A new, inhaled form of oxytocin has shown promising results in preventing postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), a leading cause of maternal deaths worldwide. The inhalable medication could potentially be accessible to mothers sooner, thanks to a streamlined registration pathway.
Researchers identified molecules as potential biomarkers for early detection of type 2 diabetes, up to nine years before diagnosis. SIB's role in IMIDIA project demonstrates its unique value and capabilities as a competence center in large-scale health-data projects.
Researchers discovered how mutations in VCP cause cellular damage in IBMPFD, and identified compounds that reverse its effects. The findings suggest potential strategies to combat IBMPFD and other degenerative diseases like ALS.
A study by Ohio State University researchers reveals that the brain combines 2-D and depth information when representing 3-D objects. The fMRI data showed that early visual areas focus on 2-D location, while later areas prioritize depth information, suggesting a gradual shift towards 3-D perception.
A pilot study of an interferon drug has shown promising results in treating Ebola patients, with a 67% increase in survival rates compared to those receiving only supportive care. The treatment also relieved clinical symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea earlier than those not treated with the drug.
Researchers at Washington State University developed a non-invasive filter-like device to isolate prostate cancer indicators from blood and urine, enabling doctors to track disease progression and treatment response. The technology uses biomarkers to capture tumor cells' genetic information, potentially predicting effective treatments.
Researchers found that maternal immune activation alters the activity of multiple genes and pathways in the fetus's brain, including those important for autism development. This effect may be similar to known biology behind conditions like autism.
A recent study by researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina found that nasogastric tube placement in patients with typical upper GI bleeding had no impact on outcomes. The study's results suggest that this procedure may be unnecessary for millions of patients, reducing costs and discomfort associated with it.
A new study by Smithsonian scientists reveals that dead zones are a major threat to coral reefs globally, causing mass mortality. By controlling sewage and agricultural runoff, these localized threats can be reduced.
Researchers developed a new method to search for synthetic-lethal gene combinations using CRISPR/Cas9, uncovering 120 new opportunities for cancer drug development. The technique allowed them to test thousands of gene mutation combinations simultaneously, revealing more than 120 new synthetic-lethal interactions.
Researchers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center identify two signaling proteins, c-Fos and Dusp1, that make cancer cells resistant to chemotherapy. Blocking these proteins along with chemotherapy eliminates human leukemia in mouse models, suggesting a possible cure for certain types of kinase-driven cancers.
Research published in BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care found that higher outdoor temperatures are associated with increased diabetes incidence and glucose intolerance prevalence worldwide. A 1°C rise in temperature could account for more than 100,000 new diabetes cases per year in the USA alone.
A recent study published in JAMA Neurology found that vitamin E and selenium supplements did not prevent dementia in asymptomatic older men. The study involved over 7,500 participants who took the supplements for an average of five years, but showed no significant reduction in dementia incidence among the groups.
Researchers found that kea parrots can transmit playfulness through their vocalizations, inducing play in other birds. The findings suggest an emotionally contagious effect, similar to human laughter.
Engineers at MIT develop microfluidic device mimicking nature's hydraulic pumps, enabling passive water pumping and potential use in small robots. The 'tree-on-a-chip' uses a sugar-powered hydraulic system to maintain constant flow rate for several days.
Researchers identified biological substrates of bacterial enzyme Ohr, which enables bacteria to neutralize oxidizing substances released by the defense system of host organisms. The study's findings suggest that Ohr plays a central role in bacterial anti-oxidant defense and offer potential for novel therapeutic approaches.
Research by Jillian Trabulsi and Julie Mennella investigates the effects of infant formula on infant weight gain. The study found that babies fed cow's milk formula gained weight faster than those fed hydrolyzed protein formula or breastfed, highlighting the importance of choosing a suitable formula for infants.
Researchers at NIMBioS developed a more sensitive test for detecting paratuberculosis in cattle, shedding light on the early stages of the disease. The new macrophage-based assay produces reliable diagnoses and could be a game-changer for controlling the spread of the disease.
Archaeological excavations in northern Taiwan have uncovered significant evidence of early European presence and influence, contradicting long-held theories. The site, once a Spanish colony, now suggests that Taiwan played a crucial role as a globalized hub during the 17th century.
Researchers aim to quantify soil mass balance, production rates and lifespan in agricultural landscapes with unknown data. Soil erosion threatens food security, costing the US tens of billions annually.
A Temple University Health System research team identified sex-based differences in the utilization and safety outcomes of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) for treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Female patients were less likely to receive CDT, while males experienced more bleeding complications, but with similar mortality rates.
A new study by Yale researchers found that over 40% of veteran-surrogate pairs lacked advanced care planning, leading to disagreements about end-of-life decisions. The study emphasizes the importance of facilitating discussions between patients and surrogates to ensure understanding of patient preferences.
A breakthrough has been made in preventing biofilm formation by staphylococci on medical devices. The research team discovered a small blocking molecule that targets the SdrC protein, stopping bacterial attachment and growth.
A Drexel University-led study found that Fragile X granules linger in the hippocampus of adult humans, expanding the age range for treatment. The study suggests that therapies targeting both dendrites and axons could be effective in treating symptoms of Fragile X syndrome and potentially other autism-related disorders.
A recent study by the University of the Basque Country found that not all metals in sediments directly affect human health, but only a fraction can be incorporated into the body. The researchers simulated metal release in the gastrointestinal tract and found that urban waste water contributes to bioaccessible metals.
Researchers created a new family of organocatalysts that can be 'switched on' using purple LEDs, mimicking human vision's colorful light-sensitive molecule formation. The novel approach enables the formation of single-handed isomers with improved therapeutic profiles and reduced environmental impact.
Oral direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens produce high sustained virologic response rates for all six hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes, making them effective for treating patients with chronic HCV infection. The ease of dosing and safety profile of DAAs provide an opportunity to reduce the burden of hepatitis C in the US.
A vaccine with even partial effectiveness against HIV could prevent millions of new infections and potentially reverse the pandemic. However, diagnosis and treatment remain a significant challenge, particularly in high-risk groups.
Research highlights trees' crucial role in retaining water and producing cooling moisture, enhancing food security and climate change adaptation. The study suggests a new perspective on the relationship between trees and water in addressing climate change.
A Chicagoan has become the first adult patient to be cured of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia with a novel stem cell transplant protocol. The patient, David Levy, underwent the procedure in 2014 and is now free from pain and independent.
A 20-year demographic study of wild chimpanzees in Uganda's Kibale National Park revealed that favorable ecological conditions, including abundant food supplies and low predation risk, drive high life expectancy. The study establishes an average life expectancy of about 33 years, nearly twice as high as other chimpanzee communities.
A new program developed by Kari Lane at the University of Missouri has shown significant improvement in hearing aid wear time among older adults. The program, called Hearing Aid Reintroduction (HEAR), uses a systematically gradual approach to support adjustment to hearing aids, increasing wear time from one hour to 10 hours over 30 days.
A study by NC State University researchers found that teaching critical thinking skills in a humanities course significantly reduces student beliefs in pseudoscience. Students who received critical thinking instruction had lower beliefs in pseudoscientific claims, especially in topics covered in class.
Researchers identified a series of proteins in blood plasma that signify cancer presence, offering a promising early detection method. The breakthrough discovery could enable regular blood tests to monitor treatment effectiveness and detect cancer recurrence.
New UCLA research reveals that clinical interviews about daily activities can help doctors identify pregnant women at risk of postpartum depression. The study found that only 11% of women with a history of major depressive disorder developed postpartum depression, significantly lower than previous studies
Researchers developed a novel technology to tackle the 'secret ubiquitin code' by enabling systematic analysis of linear ubiquitination targets. This breakthrough will improve understanding of linear ubiquitination's role in diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammatory conditions.
Researchers have found that pembrolizumab, an immunotherapy drug, can effectively treat malignant pleural mesothelioma, a disease primarily caused by asbestos inhalation. The study, led by Evan Alley, showed promising results with tumor reduction and improved overall survival in patients.
Scientists have discovered fossilized damselflies in Burmese amber that display ancient courtship behaviors, including elaborate leg structures and wing-like features. The findings suggest that damselfly mating rituals may have occurred as far back as the dinosaur era.
A simple fix to avoid unnecessary coronary stents has been discovered, involving the administration of intracoronary nitroglycerin during procedures. By doing so, cardiologists can identify and treat coronary artery spasm, reducing the need for stenting procedures.
Young men who are overweight or obese are at a higher risk of developing severe liver disease or liver cancer in later life. Men with obesity have more than twice the risk of liver problems compared to normal-weight men.
Scientists at the Salk Institute have developed a new method to predict which individuals with bipolar disorder will respond to lithium therapy. Using a system trained on electrical firing patterns of neurons from six patients, the method achieved 92% accuracy in classifying responders and nonresponders.
Researchers analyzed DNA methylation levels in 1,900 participants to identify 58 CpGs linked to mortality. These epigenetic marks show stronger correlations with survival than previously studied genetic alterations.
Researchers developed a mathematical formula based on the rhythmic movement of a sperm's head and tail, reducing complexity in predicting sperm movement. The formula captures coordinated movements that create a jerky fluid flow, countering friction and ensuring selected sperm achieve forward propulsion.
Physicists have developed a new feedback controller to control fusion plasma energy and rotation. The algorithm uses sensors, algorithms, and actuators to modify the plasma's rotation profile and stored energy.
A new study by CU Boulder researchers shows the Barnes Ice Cap on Baffin Island will melt in about 300 years due to a rapid warming climate. The ice cap, which is still 500 meters thick, has never been this small in the past 2.5 million years.
A new study by Waisman Center researchers provides a detailed picture of the daily experiences of couples raising a child with ASD, revealing both challenges and strengths. Despite lower closeness to partners, parents of children with ASD reported no increase in negative interactions or feeling unsupported.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have developed a novel technology using decellularized plant husks to create three-dimensional scaffolds for human stem cells. The scaffolds are made from cellulose and exhibit properties such as strength, rigidity, porosity, and surface area that are ideal for biomedical applications.
The study used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to detect biomolecular changes in white blood cells stimulated with bacterial components, revealing a threefold increase in microvesicle production and altered lipid content.
A new study found that pediatric opioid exposures have been steadily decreasing since 2009, except for buprenorphine. Researchers call for changes to prescribing practices and increased education on safe storage at home.
A population-based study of over 93,000 older men found that using 5α-reductase inhibitors was not associated with an increased risk of suicide. However, risks of self-harm and depression were significantly higher during the first 18 months after medication initiation.