A new study from the University of Pittsburgh reveals that nearly 40% of reproductive-aged women in the US have limited or no nearby access to assisted reproductive technology clinics. This leaves 25 million women without choice and adds to their already stressful experience.
The study provides recommendations to optimize decision-making for medical imaging in pediatric orthopedic care, highlighting the risk of cancer and genetic defects from radiation exposure. Best practices to reduce radiation include limiting precise collimation, fluoroscopy bursts, and utilizing low-dose CT protocols.
Researchers found that antibiotic-treated honeybees were half as likely to survive, with gut microbes disrupted and harmful bacteria increased. The study suggests that overuse of antibiotics may contribute to colony collapse and has implications for human health.
A team in Italy has successfully installed a prototype for the Gyroscopes in General Relativity (GINGER) project, which aims to measure Earth's rotation rate vector with high precision. The device uses ring laser gyroscope technology and is housed deep underground to minimize external disturbances.
Researchers from OIST Graduate University have developed a new approach to produce uniform iron nanocubes using magnetron-sputtering inert-gas condensation. These nanocubes exhibit high sensitivity and specificity in detecting NO2 gas, with potential applications in diagnosis of asthma patients and environmental pollution detection.
A study published in The Lancet Public Health found that DACA-eligible individuals were 50% less likely to report symptoms consistent with major depression. This suggests that increased access to the US labor market and improved economic prospects contributed to reduced levels of depression among these individuals.
Researchers have developed a technique to precisely track the replication of yellow fever virus in individual host immune cells. The method could aid in the development of new vaccines against a range of viruses, including Dengue and Zika.
A study by Hospital for Special Surgery found inconsistent ratings for individual sports medicine doctors on popular physician rating websites. The 'three As' of affability, availability, and ability remained significant predictors of positive ratings.
A new mechanism by which inflammation can spread throughout the brain after injury has been identified. The findings may explain chronic and long-lasting inflammation that occurs after traumatic brain injury and could transform understanding of brain injury and disease.
A new study found that female soccer players suffer the most concussions in high school sports, with a significantly higher concussion rate than boys. The study, which analyzed injury data from 2005 to 2015, also revealed that girls' soccer had the highest concussion rate during the 10-year study period.
Patients taking SSRIs for anxiety and depression may experience a reduced risk of revision surgery after total hip or knee replacement. This is due to better management of depression and pain in these patients, or potential positive biologic effects of SSRIs.
A study from Hospital for Special Surgery found that arm slot, arm speed and shoulder rotation are significantly related to elbow varus torque, a key factor in UCL injuries. The research used advanced technology to analyze throwing biomechanics in real-game settings, providing new insights into injury prevention.
Researchers found that plants pollinated by bumblebees became more fragrant and had larger flowers with greater UV color component. In contrast, plants pollinated by hoverflies were smaller and less fragrant, with increased self-pollination.
A new study found that heroin use is associated with excessive histone acetylation, a process that regulates gene expression. The study suggests that JQ1 and similar compounds might be beneficial for long-term heroin users in reducing drug-seeking behavior.
Researchers found that intestinal stem cells lose regenerative capacity with age and that reactivating Wnt signaling can restore healthy function in older people. The study suggests a possible therapeutic approach to address imbalances in food and nutrient absorption, which may be linked to diminished Wnt signaling.
A new study challenges the idea that changes in Earth's orbit triggered Sahara desertification. Human activities, such as pastoralism, are believed to have contributed to the region's ecological shift towards desert-like conditions. The findings highlight the importance of understanding human impact on environmental systems.
Researchers at the University of Barcelona have developed a new bonding technique for chips using inkjet printers with silver nanoparticles, enabling the creation of rigid and flexible hybrid circuitry. The method uses inkjet printing technology to assemble surface mount devices, achieving high electrical conductivity and reliability.
A UTHealth study has found that a pill form of treatment for Clostridium difficile infection can be as effective as traditional methods, with an 83% cure rate among participants. The pill form uses freeze-dried microbiota and could make treatment more convenient for patients and physicians.
Researchers found that probiotics had little impact on microbial diversity and even impaired recognition memory in rats on a balanced diet. However, for rats fed a junk diet, probiotics positively changed the bacterial make-up in their digestive tract and benefitted brain function, preventing spatial memory loss.
A study published in the Journal of Oncology Practice found that over half of older women with early-stage breast cancer received more radiation therapy than necessary, adding to healthcare costs. The researchers estimate a potential savings of $164 million by reducing radiation therapy regimens from six weeks to four weeks.
A recent study published in Annals of Family Medicine found that antibiotics are not effective in treating eczema flares in children. The CREAM study analyzed data from 113 children with non-severely infected eczema and showed no significant difference between groups in the resolution of eczema symptoms.
Scientists at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have discovered that exhausted T cells have distinct DNA structures and activate specific genes, including NFAT and Nr4a proteins. These findings provide new insights into the molecular underpinnings of T cell exhaustion and offer potential targets for improving cancer immunotherapies.
Researchers at the University of Adelaide have developed a new method to monitor soil microbes, which could boost the success of ecological restoration projects. By analyzing the DNA of bacteria in soil samples, scientists found that native plant revegetation can restore a natural state to cleared land just eight years after implementa...
A new study found that 45% of high school athletes specialize in just one sport, two years earlier than current collegiate and professional athletes. Professional athletes reported a higher incidence of musculoskeletal injuries and lower promotion of early specialization.
Scientists have discovered the world's oldest plant-like fossils, estimated to be 1.6 billion years old, in sedimentary rocks in central India. The findings suggest that advanced multicellular life evolved much earlier than previously thought, challenging our understanding of the evolution of life on Earth.
Researchers found that sharing strong negative experiences enables extreme cooperation in groups and can cause individuals to be willing to die for the group. Human evolution explains the origin of this visceral bonding over shared painful experiences.
Researchers at TU Wien have successfully switched individual oxygen molecules between a reactive and unreactive state using a force microscope. This process enables new possibilities for investigating the inner workings of photocatalysts.
A phase 2 clinical trial of sacituzumab govitecan, an antibody-drug conjugate targeting Trop-2, achieved a response in 21 participants with advanced triple-negative breast cancer. The responses were early and durable, lasting up to 20 months, with improved overall survival.
A study by Hospital for Special Surgery found that most athletic patients who undergo ACL reconstruction are highly satisfied with the procedure and able to return to their sport. The study, which included 232 active athletes, reported a high return-to-play rate of 87% with over 85% of patients expressing high overall satisfaction.
Scientists at Queen Mary University of London use the Filter Diagonalisation Method to analyze vibrato, a common musical effect that adds expressivity and enhances sound quality. The technique, originating from quantum physics, allows for precise analysis of music signals with great precision.
The new guideline recommends that polysomnography be used for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with significant cardiorespiratory disease or other complicating conditions. Home sleep apnea testing is recommended only for uncomplicated adult patients with increased risk of moderate to severe sleep apnea.
Researchers at Imperial College London found that applying a low voltage current can bring different areas of the brain in sync, enabling people to perform better on tasks involving working memory. The approach could one day be used to treat conditions such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, and epilepsy.
A new Loyola study reveals that physicians-in-training possess a high level of emotional intelligence, scoring in the high range on an emotional intelligence survey. The study found that pediatric and med-peds residents scored highest in empathy and social responsibility, but lowest in assertiveness.
A University of Leicester study found that folinic acid can protect neurons in fruit flies with Parkinson's disease, offering potential hope for people with early-onset forms of the condition. The researchers believe that supplementing folinic acid could be a faster and more effective treatment option than developing new drugs.
A study of 86,000 patients found that almost one-third of costs prior to total knee replacement went towards non-recommended therapies. The top three most costly treatments were hyaluronic acid injections, corticosteroid injections, and physical therapy, accounting for 52.6% of expenses.
A study found a link between defects in non-coding DNA and severe language impairment, as well as other neurodevelopmental disorders. Variants in the 3'UTRome region of the genome were associated with changes in protein expression, which may contribute to these conditions.
Concentrated poverty in US metropolitan areas is on the rise, with 40% or more of neighborhoods below federal poverty level. The trend is linked to growing residential separation and overall increases in poverty since the early 2000s.
A study published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology found that a commonly prescribed drug for pregnant women with a history of early delivery provides no benefits, while potentially increasing the risk of gestational diabetes. The researchers also noted a higher rate of preterm births among those treated with the dru...
Researchers discovered acetone droplets can hover above water surface, propelled by the Leidenfrost effect, with drag playing a crucial role. The faster the droplet moves, the faster it speeds up before immersion occurs.
Soil microbes may hold key to protecting sorghum crops from Striga, a parasitic plant that causes up to 50% yield loss in sub-Saharan Africa. Researchers will map potential micro-organisms present in African soils to develop sustainable solutions.
A study found that bariatric surgery prior to total hip or knee replacement can reduce in-hospital and 90-day postoperative complications, improving patient health for morbidly obese patients. However, it does not reduce the risk of needing a revision surgery.
Researchers discovered a mechanism to block amyloid-beta fragments in Alzheimer's disease, reducing levels of enzyme BACE-1. A type of nucleic acid found in healthy brains promotes its degradation, offering hope for treatment.
The Special Issue highlights the exciting applications of organoid research in the medical field, including drug screening and modeling human diseases. Organoid technology also offers insight into developmental biology, enabling scientists to study human development in a developing embryo.
A new simulation model describes the formation of supermassive black holes in the early universe, proposing that massive gas clouds collapse directly to seed these behemoths. This alternative model, known as the Direct collapse black hole model, suggests that inefficient gas cooling is necessary for this process.
Daniel J. Drucker, Joel F. Habener, and Jens J. Holst were awarded the Harrington Prize in Medicine for their discovery of incretin hormones and translation into treatments for major metabolic diseases like diabetes. Their work has resulted in breakthrough therapies such as GLP-2 for intestinal disorders.
A new Chrome extension called ScaleUp improves web browsing speeds at 30,000 feet by increasing image size and simplifying font loads. The solution reduces latency and packet loss, providing faster Internet access to air travelers.
A study by Ohio State University researchers found that honey bees favor agricultural areas over urban neighborhoods for nectar and pollen. The discovery suggests that farmland can be a superior source of food for honey bees, contradicting the assumption that urban areas are more attractive to them.
A new Tulane University study reveals that Louisiana's westernmost wetlands are vulnerable to sea-level rise, with over 60% of sites on track to drown. The research uses an unconventional method to measure sea-level change and provides a significant step forward in assessing the situation.
A recent study found that less than half of elderly hip fracture patients take vitamin D supplements, contradicting national recommendations. This suggests a need for improved advocacy and education about vitamin D supplementation.
A new study reviews decades of monarch research and finds that milkweed numbers have dropped by about 95% in cropland over the last 20 years, but natural areas show a smaller decline. The researchers suggest other factors such as habitat loss, disease, parasites, and climate change may also be contributing to the decline.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have discovered that patients with schizophrenia have lower levels of the neurotransmitter GABA and altered immune cell function. These findings provide new clues to the disease mechanisms of schizophrenia, but follow-up studies are needed to determine if these changes are causes or effects.
Researchers have successfully rejuvenated old gut stem cells by restoring Wnt signaling, suggesting a potential pathway to target for clinicians. This breakthrough offers new insights into the role of Wnt proteins in controlling stem cell growth and pluripotency in the gut later in life.
Researchers tested over 10,000 women and found that transvaginal cervical measurement and fetal fibronectin tests do not accurately predict preterm birth. The studies findings challenge the use of these tests in routine screening for low-risk pregnancies.
Two common tests for predicting preterm birth in first-time pregnancies failed to identify most cases, according to a large NIH study. The tests involved measuring cervical length and testing for fetal fibronectin, but neither method was found to be effective for widespread screening.
Researcher Sandra Roos developed a comprehensive life cycle analysis to map the environmental impact of clothing. She found that conventional cotton growing is particularly heavy on the environment, but post-fibre processing stages like dyeing are equally hazardous. The most effective way for consumers to reduce their environmental loa...
A new study reveals that men are at a higher risk of mortality after osteoporosis-related fractures compared to women. The study found that men who require surgical treatment for an initial fracture are more likely to suffer a subsequent fracture within three years.
Researchers found that noninvasive CT angiography and stress tests can predict future adverse cardiovascular events, including heart attacks, with similar accuracy to invasive procedures. The study suggests that the noninvasive approach is a safer and more cost-effective option for patients, and its findings have important implications...
Researchers are developing a portable, painless 3-D ultrasound device that can detect swelling in the optic nerve sheath, indicating potential brain damage. The device aims to provide instantaneous evidence of head injuries and is expected to be accurate compared to existing MRI and CT technology.
Researchers have mapped how proteins bind along DNA to control gene activity in the bladder lining, revealing a complex interaction between transcription factors. This understanding could lead to new treatments for chronic bladder diseases such as interstitial cystitis and cancer.
A Johns Hopkins study found lower allopregnanolone levels in the second trimester predict increased risk of postpartum depression. The research may lead to diagnostic markers and preventive strategies for the condition affecting up to 20% of American women who give birth.