Researchers discover a silent change in the CFTR gene that alters protein production and transport in cells. This finding reveals new insights into cystic fibrosis genetic complexity.
Physicists at PPPL have simulated the spontaneous transition of turbulence at the plasma edge to H-mode using a first-principles-based model. The simulation reveals that both turbulence-generated and non-turbulent sheared flows contribute to the bifurcation, providing the physics-basis for successful tokamak operation.
Researchers have identified the same access paths for two molecules to reach the active site of an enzyme involved in female hormone synthesis, leading to more selective and effective drug development. The study, published in the Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, has implications for treating breast cancer.
A University of Illinois study reveals that college students perceive a stronger risk than benefit from online behavioral advertising, driving them to avoid ads. The research suggests the industry should educate consumers and make tracking processes more transparent to maintain trust.
A study published in The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery found that patients who previously took prescription opioids had a higher average pain score six months after knee replacement surgery. This suggests that preoperative opioid use may be problematic due to its negative effects on subsequent total knee arthroplasty outcomes.
A study identified a genetic rearrangement of red blood cell glycophorin receptors that confers a 40% reduced risk from severe malaria. The hybrid GYPB-A Dantu gene is found in some people from East Africa, but not in West African populations.
A 100-year-old medical technique, hysterosalpingography (HSG), has been proven to increase fertility rates in infertile women. Using an iodised poppy seed oil solution significantly improves pregnancy rates within six months, with 40% of women achieving successful pregnancies compared to 29% with water-based solution.
Researchers found that non-migratory birds like zebra finches utilize a built-in magnetic compass to orient themselves using the Earth's magnetic field. The study suggests that this mechanism is more general and not specific to migration.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have identified a brain network exclusively dedicated to analyzing social interactions in rhesus macaques. This network may represent an evolutionary precursor to the neural circuitry that supports theory of mind in humans, potentially blurring the lines between human and primate cognition.
A study by social psychologists in the Netherlands found that low self-esteem partners regret sacrificing personal preferences for their relationships. They experience negative mood, stress, and lower life satisfaction due to feeling unsupported by their partner.
Researchers identified a gene variant DUP4 that protects against severe malaria by altering receptors used by the malarial parasite. This variant was found to reduce the risk of severe malaria by 40% in certain African populations, particularly those of East African descent.
A study of over 16,000 healthy adults found that those who followed a pro-vegetarian diet had a significantly lower risk of developing obesity. The researchers found that participants with the most vegetarian diet had a 43% reduced risk of obesity compared to those with the least vegetarian diet.
Researchers at UC Riverside developed an inexpensive, biodegradable seaweed-based ant bait that reduced Argentine ant populations by 40-68% after four weeks. The hydrogel baits are highly absorbent and retain water to remain attractive to ants for extended periods.
A new study published in Earth System Dynamics finds that Antarctica's slower warming pace may be due to its high land height. The research suggests that if Antarctica were flat, it would warm more quickly due to changes in heat transport by the atmosphere and oceans.
Researchers identified phosphorene-like SiS and SiSe as promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. These materials exhibit high theoretical specific capacities and low volume changes, ensuring good structural stability.
Researchers found that VR pornography can create a sense of 'perfection' leading to addictive and extreme content. The team calls for greater responsibility in developing this technology, including alternative scenarios where participants assume different roles.
A recent study published in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery found that preoperative opioid use is associated with less pain reduction after total knee replacement surgery. Patients who used opioids before their procedure experienced about 9 percent less pain relief at six months following surgery compared to those who did not.
Researchers at FAU have successfully assembled and tested conductors and networks made of individual molecules. The 'Lego bricks' can fabricate the smallest nanostructures under precision-controlled conditions, opening up possibilities for optoelectronic applications.
Washington State University researchers are studying mutations in three proteins that cause cardiomyopathy, a genetic heart condition affecting 1 in 500 people worldwide. The four-year project aims to improve diagnostics and develop new treatments for hereditary heart conditions.
Researchers at the University of Warwick are conducting a study to better understand absence epilepsy, a childhood condition characterized by brief interruptions of consciousness. The study aims to identify new therapeutic targets and develop more effective treatments for children with absence seizures.
The report assesses current cancer risk factors and prevention measures, highlighting improvements in some areas but stagnation or decline in others. Cigarette smoking among adults has dropped to 15% but remains high in certain geographic areas, while obesity prevalence continues to rise, particularly among black women.
Women on Wall Street have as many connections as men, but their connections don't improve their job performance as much. Male analysts benefit more from their connections, with stronger forecast accuracy and higher rankings.
Researchers found correlations between blood levels of omega-3 fatty acids and fluid intelligence in healthy elderly adults, suggesting a potential role for dietary intake of these nutrients. The studies also linked the balance of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids to memory preservation and brain structure.
Researchers in China have made a breakthrough in developing a new approach to treat premature ovarian failure using female germline stem cells. The study found that mice with transplanted egg-making stem cells produced healthy pups without genetic malfunctions, opening up avenues for investigating human oogenesis in vitro.
Researchers have discovered that enzymes can be activated by electrical stimulation, leading to ultrafast signal transfer within cells. This process allows for locally restricted signaling, preventing unwanted cellular processes such as cell death.
Researchers at KAUST developed a new fluorinated MOF that selectively adsorbs water to dry gas streams, achieving energy-efficient dehydration. The innovation requires half the energy input of conventional procedures, highlighting potential for huge efficiency savings in gas production and transport industry.
Researchers found that Titan's topography may grow through tidal changes in its icy crust, unlike Earth and Mars which underwent active plate tectonics. The study also sheds light on Martian topography, suggesting major features formed early in the planet's history.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discover that adding beneficial traits can have negative consequences due to epistasis. They find a case of negative epistasis in a tomato plant and show how to exploit this knowledge to unlock untapped yield potential by adjusting the dosage of genes responsible for different traits.
A novel signaling system in S. pneumoniae strains may control gene expression and virulence in co-colonizing strains, according to a study published in PLOS Pathogens.
A new study suggests using a mindfulness approach can aid in weight loss by increasing mindful eating and reducing energy intake, leading to significant weight loss results. The study found that participants who completed the Eat Smart, Move More, Weigh Less program lost more weight than those in the waitlist control group.
The EURO-CTO trial found that PCI had a higher procedural success rate (86.3%) and lower procedural risk compared to optimized medical therapy. Patients treated with PCI also showed significant improvements in clinical symptoms and quality of life, while those on medical therapy experienced less pronounced improvements.
Researchers found that Heliconius erato butterflies possess unique visual photoreceptors based on species sex, with females containing two types of ultraviolet opsin genes and males lacking one. This study sheds light on the evolution of eye structure in response to environmental pressures.
A new study by NYU's Steinhardt School found that teacher racial bias affects students' grades and academic expectations, particularly for Black students, who face a significant gap in perceptions of class difficulty compared to White peers.
Researchers use computational fluid dynamics to analyze Parvancorina's shape and movement, finding evidence of rheotaxis and suggesting a more active lifestyle. The study challenges the conventional view of ancient ocean life and suggests that strong currents played a major role in shaping these enigmatic organisms.
A newly discovered damselfish species in the Philippines has been found to exhibit rare brood-guarding behavior, protecting its young until they can fend for themselves. This unusual parenting strategy significantly improves survival rates, with up to 35% of offspring surviving, compared to less than 1% for most coral reef fish.
A new study estimates that more than 150,000 US women are currently living with distant metastatic breast cancer, a form of the disease that has spread to distant sites in the body. Despite poor prognosis, survival rates for women diagnosed with MBC at younger ages have been increasing significantly.
A study by NIH researchers reveals that ZFP568 regulates insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) in fetal growth, suggesting its role in balancing fetal and placental growth. The finding has implications for understanding developmental disorders such as Russell Silver syndrome and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.
A new trial led by Queen's University Belfast aims to improve survival rates for critically ill patients with respiratory failure. The 'extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal' procedure could significantly reduce mortality rates and provide gentler ventilation, reducing lung damage caused by mechanical ventilation.
A multi-institutional research team analyzed nearly 11,000 human cancers to identify molecular changes involved in cancer development. They confirmed previously known pathways and discovered new ones, such as IDH1 and VHL, which may be linked to targeted therapy.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes have discovered the key protein CTCF plays a crucial role in controlling DNA organization, reevaluating the cause of certain cancers and developmental defects. The study sheds new light on gene regulation and provides insights into fundamental genome organization processes.
Researchers developed a novel approach to create self-expandable polymer stents that can grow with pediatric patients, are biodegradable, and require minimally-invasive procedures. The stents were created using computational design, simulation tools, and 3D printing technology.
A recent study deployed green clay caterpillars across six continents to reveal that insects are responsible for the majority of predation observed. The findings suggest that predation pressure is stronger in the tropics due to the need for insects to innovate defense mechanisms against predators.
Next-generation rechargeable batteries require high energy density and cost efficiency. Functional membrane separators improve cycling stability in various battery systems. Smart and sustainable separators enhance safety performance by creating homogeneous environments for lithium deposition.
Researchers at the University of Illinois developed a sensor that detects ammonia in breath, a sign of kidney failure. The device is sensitive enough to detect low levels, making it suitable for portable, disposable use.
Researchers discovered that Titan's river networks, like Mars', formed topography without plate tectonics. This finding suggests a distinct geological history for the moons of Saturn and challenges our understanding of Earth's unique surface.
A new method in dentine analysis reveals permanent records of Vitamin D deficiency, shedding light on human adaptation and health conditions. The study offers a valuable resource for understanding rickets, affecting over 1 billion people worldwide.
Despite global improvements in healthcare quality, the gap between best and worst-performing countries has grown. Western European countries generally scored highest while those in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania scored lowest, with some countries within these regions showing significant variation.
Researchers found that exercising burns fat in bone marrow, leading to improved bone health. The study suggests that exercise is beneficial even more so for obese individuals, who may experience greater bone formation and strength.
A randomized study found that group-based quality improvement sessions improved TTT scores from 11% to 57% in intervention patients, while control patients saw a decline to 25%. The learning collaborative positively impacted implementation of the recommended care approach.
Researchers successfully synthesized Zika virus from a viral sequence detected in infected tissue, allowing them to induce microcephaly in pregnant mice and study its transmission by mosquitoes. This breakthrough helps advance research into the mysterious emergence of Zika virus, which causes devastating foetal brain infections.
A new Penn study found that early-maturing girls are more likely to experience physical or sexual violence in dating relationships if their friend group contains more boys. The research, published in Pediatrics, analyzed data from over 3,800 girls and confirmed that girls who developed earlier have a 14% increased risk of dating abuse.
A new genomic study on southern Mediterranean populations from Sicily and Southern Italy reveals a shared genetic background extending to Cyprus, Crete, Anatolia, and the Aegean islands. This shared Mediterranean ancestry may have originated in prehistoric times as a result of multiple migration waves.
A study found that academic integrity is not a core concept taught to academics in UK Higher Education, despite its central importance. Researchers recommend including academic integrity as a core concept in learning and teaching to prevent it from being seen as a standalone disciplinary concept.
Trans-fatty acids directly activate ASK1 kinase by enhancing extracellular ATP, promoting cell death in a more direct manner than previously thought. The study identifies several trans-fatty acid types that stimulate cell death, but not their corresponding cis-fatty acids, which have health benefits.
Researchers have developed a novel gene therapy method that utilizes microbubbles and ultrasound to promote bone growth and healing in nonunion fractures. The technique, which involves injecting genetic material for a bone growth factor into the affected area, has been shown to completely heal broken bones in pigs within eight weeks.
A team of researchers has directly observed the magnetic field in the upper solar atmosphere for the first time using ultraviolet spectropolarimetry. The study reveals more complex structures in the chromosphere and transition region than expected, with polarization varying on a spatial scale of 10-20 arcseconds.
Researchers found tumor mutation load correlates with age and cancer type, potentially increasing immunotherapy effectiveness. High TML is seen in melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and tumors lacking specific genes.
During heat waves, urban trees can significantly increase air pollution levels and the formation of ozone. Researchers found that VOCs from plants contribute to about 6-20% of ozone formation in cities, but this contribution spikes to up to 60% during heat wave periods.
Researchers found that mepolizumab increased remission rates by 28% and cut exacerbations in half compared to placebo. The medication also reduced the need for corticosteroid therapy, with 12 patients able to discontinue steroid treatment completely.
Since 1840, European freshwater fish species have undergone significant changes, with non-native species outnumbering native ones. Human activities, such as habitat destruction and intentional introductions, have led to an increase in taxonomic homogenization across Europe.