Assistant Professor Yi Zhang has received a $452,257 NSF CAREER grant to study the STEM success of community college transfer students. The project aims to develop a typology of distinct subgroups and provide tailored support for transfer students.
Researchers found that chronic pain distorts the intensity of pain perception in other body parts by rewiring circuits in the anterior cingulate cortex. This causes a greater reaction to painful stimuli throughout the body, with far-reaching consequences for mental health and disease treatment.
Researchers analyzed thousands of social media posts to find that IBD patients are more concerned with the risks of biologic medications than their benefits or financial costs. The study suggests that physicians need to do a better job explaining the pros and cons of treatments.
Achieving moderate-to-vigorous physical activity guidelines, reducing TV viewing time, and ensuring adequate sleep duration are associated with lower BMI and body fat in children. Meeting these guidelines can reduce the risk of obesity and related health problems.
A team of MIT researchers has designed a breathable workout suit with ventilating flaps lined with live microbial cells, which can be engineered to sense and respond to humidity. The suit effectively removes sweat from the body and lowers skin temperature, providing a cooling sensation.
Researchers developed custom-engineered protein destroying MERS virus in cultured human cells within 24 hours. Synthetic ubiquitin variants also target Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, showing promise for future anti-viral medicine.
Lung cancer patients are susceptible to malignant pleural effusion, a build-up of excess fluid that can cause shortness of breath and chest pain. Researchers have discovered a novel mechanism that causes this condition, which could lead to the development of new treatments targeting the KRAS-mutant cancer cells.
A new study published in the European Congress on Obesity reveals strong and direct effects of parental BMI, low income, and smoking on a child's future BMI and risk of overweight. The research controlled for birthweight and early life BMI to show that these factors have a lasting impact.
Researchers have discovered how the enteric nervous system, a complex network of nerve cells in the gut, is formed during mouse development. The study reveals that individual progenitor cells produce specific types of cells, which form overlapping columns and exhibit synchronized activity.
Researchers developed a new FISH-Flow protocol to analyze hundreds of thousands of cells simultaneously, allowing for faster and more accurate disease detection. The protocol identifies telltale mRNA species and proteins, enabling early diagnosis and treatment of infectious and non-infectious lung diseases.
A recent NYU study reveals a significant gap in education and training for outdoor fall prevention among community-dwelling older adults. The research highlights the importance of wearing proper footwear, being aware of environmental hazards, and practicing safe walking strategies to prevent falls.
Researchers develop a cost-effective method to produce Aβ42 peptide, a key player in Alzheimer's disease, using isotope labeling and FPLC. This approach simplifies NMR-based structural studies of the peptide, paving the way for deeper understanding of AD.
A new combination immunotherapy has shown promise in treating advanced kidney cancer, with the potential to identify biomarkers for many cancers. The study's principal investigator, Dr. Timothy Kuzel, hopes that this treatment will help more patients benefit from immunotherapy.
Researchers from UCL, Harvard and Massachusetts General Hospital suggest a single chemical mechanism for forming both purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. They demonstrate that these molecules can be assembled on the same sugar scaffold to form RNA, providing a solution to a long-standing challenge in understanding the origins of life.
The American Sleep Medicine Foundation has announced the winners of its 2017 High School Video Contest, which encouraged teens to prioritize sleep. Three students from Colorado, Illinois, and Texas won prizes for their original videos, emphasizing the importance of 8-10 hours of sleep per night.
Researchers analyzed data from large-scale studies of erectile dysfunction medication users and found an overall 11% increase in melanoma risk. However, they attribute the increased risk to detection bias rather than a direct cause-and-effect link between medications and melanoma.
A recent study led by Colorado State University researchers found that Aedes aegypti mosquitoes can transmit multiple viruses simultaneously, including Zika, chikungunya, and dengue. The findings contradict existing research on coinfections and suggest that these simultaneous transmissions may be more common than previously thought.
A team of researchers, led by Drs. Meaney and Smith, will investigate the cellular mechanisms of concussions and their impact on brain recovery. They aim to decipher how the brain re-routes signals after a concussion and develop new clinical interventions.
A mislocalized calcium channel contributes to failed insulin secretion in type-2 diabetes, disrupting the cellular signal for release. Researchers found that the channel proteins are located too far away from insulin vesicles, causing secretion to fail.
A national patient safety effort led to a significant reduction in urinary tract infections related to catheters in nursing homes. The study shows that implementing a toolkit of training materials and coaching support can lead to improved catheter care and infection prevention.
Researchers have discovered that sedimentary cycles are linked to sea level changes, rather than mountain erosion. The study uses carbon isotopes to predict sedimentary rock distribution and better understand the Earth's sedimentary history.
Seven novel bioresorbable stent technologies were reported to deliver low medium-term event rates and favorable laminar flow. The RENASCENT II study showed no events at one year, while the DESolve Nx Study demonstrated a mean lumen gain of 9% at six months.
Researchers discovered two brain proteins with unique functions in the development of dementia, leading to potential new treatments. The study used Drosophila fruit flies to examine the effects of these proteins on nerve cell survival and activation, revealing one form is linked to poor movement and another to greater neurodegeneration.
Research found that mechanical heart valve noise disturbs sleep in nearly a quarter of patients, with women more affected than men. The study also showed that patients often find ways to cope with the noise, such as sleeping on their right side or using earplugs.
Researchers blocked S1P breakdown, leading to learning and memory problems in mice. Autophagy pathway also impaired, resulting in accumulation of Alzheimer's proteins in the brains.
A study by University of Manchester researchers found that over one third of people with high blood pressure are not taking their medication as prescribed. The study used a urine test to examine the relationship between patient characteristics and non-adherence, revealing four key parameters that predict non-adherence
University of Wisconsin-Madison engineers developed a new process to convert non-edible biomass into three high-value products, tripling the fraction converted and increasing return on investment. The technology uses gamma valerolactone as a solvent, minimizing waste and having a high solvent-recycling rate.
Researchers found that exposure to blue light before competition can improve endurance during a cycling time trial, especially in the final spurt. This effect was observed even if bright light had no impact on overall performance.
Medical errors are a leading cause of death in the US, with psychological factors like fear, shame, and guilt hindering error disclosure. Researchers call for better education and training focused on overcoming cognitive biases, such as Fundamental Attribution Error and Forecasting Error, to improve outcomes and reduce medical errors.
Research suggests overweight boys may be at increased risk of colon cancer as adults if they remain overweight. However, those who lose weight and achieve a healthy BMI by young adulthood appear to have similar risk profiles. The study highlights the importance of maintaining a healthy weight in childhood.
Engaging with technology can increase brain information load, activating stress response and promoting neuronal health. This 'hormetic stressor' diverts repair resources from germline to neurons, reversing natural aging process and potentially reducing age-related diseases.
A collaborative research group found that histone code changes and a transcription factor group essential for blood vessel differentiation play key roles in vessel formation. They also discovered that the regulatory genomic region of the transcription factors has gradually switched from suppressing to activating transcription.
A Canadian cardiologist has successfully used a new MitraClip device to treat severe mitral regurgitation through the jugular vein for the first time in the world. The procedure was performed on an 86-year-old patient with no complications, allowing her to improve and be discharged home.
Researchers discover that managing coastal ecosystems can help mitigate global warming by protecting and restoring natural carbon sinks like wetlands. Better management of catchment-level processes, such as nutrient inputs and hydrology, can increase blue carbon sequestration.
Researchers at Technische Universität Dresden have developed a new, low-cost electrocatalyst for producing molecular hydrogen. The MoNi4/MoO2@Ni catalyst exhibits high HER activity comparable to platinum and presents state-of-the-art HER activity amongst all reported Pt-free electrocatalysts.
According to a new report, rare cancers account for over one-fifth of all cancer diagnoses in the United States, with notable disparities in incidence rates among different ethnic groups. Rare cancers often present unique challenges, including limited research, delayed diagnosis, and limited treatment options.
An educational session reduced pre-treatment distress in both prostate cancer patients and their partners, with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics having little impact on distress levels. The session was found to be equally effective for partners, emphasizing the need for targeted supportive care services for both individuals.
A new study reveals that senior police investigators experience different cognitive and emotional stressors when investigating child homicide compared to adult homicide. The research found that a significant period of reflection is needed after the investigation has ended to realize the true extent of the effects on investigators.
The DFG is establishing 15 new Research Training Groups to support early career researchers in Germany, with a focus on transferable skills and collaboration with international partners. The groups will receive approximately €66 million in funding over four and a half years.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital have developed an antibody that can precisely target regulatory T cells, unleashing the immune system to kill cancer cells. The antibody decreased tumor growth in models of melanoma, glioblastoma, and colorectal carcinoma.
Researchers found that lithium oxide retains hydrogen isotopes like pure lithium, improving plasma performance in fusion devices. The study suggests that high-purity lithium may not be necessary for optimal results.
The PervasiveSUB project allows deaf-blind people to access TV broadcasts in real-time, directly through Braille lines. This innovation has been successfully tested with groups of deaf-blind users in Spain and the US, who praised its ability to transmit information without intermediaries.
The UK has produced its first hay fever map, revealing areas with high concentrations of allergenic plants. The maps will help those with allergies and asthma plan their activities to reduce exposure.
Couples adopting embryos in the US and New Zealand have formed extended family units, leading to over 500 births. Researchers found that open adoption systems enable children to learn about genetic factors and their place in the family.
A novel study has identified new biomarkers of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis, revealing a central role for interferon gamma in brain inflammation. The research found that high serum interferon gamma levels activate astrocytes, triggering an inflammatory response and promoting the migration of autoreactive T lymphocytes into the brain.
Researchers at OIST created self-assembling molecules that can be rearranged by ultraviolet light to form novel macroscopic structures. This breakthrough enables the creation of exotic nanostructures with tailored functions, holding potential for biological and pharmaceutical applications.
Herpetologists have discovered a new amphibian species, Ophryophryne elfina, in the highlands of Langbian Plateau in southern Vietnam. The smallest known species of horned mountain toad, it has distinctive small horn-like projections above its eyes and inhabits wet subtropical evergreen forests at high elevations.
A team of researchers from Brown University has developed a new system called QUDE that adds real-time statistical safeguards to interactive data exploration systems to help reduce false discoveries. The system provides color-coded feedback on statistical significance, allowing users to avoid common mistakes in hypothesis testing.
Researchers have proposed a universal mechanism for the 'sense of smell' in bacteria, involving two-component systems and molecular machines. The study revealed how proteins transmit signals through cell membranes, potentially leading to new antibiotics and treatments for biofilms.
A new study in American Journal of Public Health predicts seasonal influenza outbreaks one month earlier than before using a Thermia online health educational tool and iThermonitor wearable device. Data collected from 45,000 users revealed real-time detection of 'influenza-like illnesses', improving disease surveillance.
Marine microorganisms rely on iron to recycle dead matter and release nutrients such as phosphorus. This process is crucial in the tropical North Atlantic, where nitrogen limitation may be replaced by phosphorus limitation, influenced by human activities.
Researchers aim to promote sustainable water for agriculture through stakeholder engagement, testing flexible models in Arizona, Nebraska, and Pennsylvania. The project seeks to address complex web of social, economic, cultural, institutional, legal, and biophysical conditions influencing water resource management.
Grilled and microwaved cooking methods are best for preserving the nutritional properties of mushrooms. Microwaving and grilling improve the antioxidant activity of cooked mushrooms compared to boiling and frying. Grilling also offers additional benefits, including enhanced polyphenol content.
Researchers at Texas A&M AgriLife Research have discovered two new proteins, RICE1 and RICE2, that play a crucial role in regulating plant structure and resisting crop stresses like drought. The study sheds light on the mechanism of RNA silencing, which can be used to help plants overcome environmental challenges.
This year's Addiction Science Awards honored students using epigenetics to study the health dangers of hookah smoke and identified genetic and environmental factors that could signify a predisposition to addiction. The awards, coordinated by NIDA, recognized high-quality projects related to addiction science from around the world.
A recent $540,000 NASA grant will fund a team of researchers at Portland State University to study the nature of a hybrid virus discovered by Ken Stedman in a hot spring. The study aims to shed light on the evolutionary history of viruses and their ability to adapt and infect hosts.
Michigan Medicine researchers explored best practices in EMS oversight to improve pre-hospital care. They identified seven key factors for high-quality EMS oversight: competition and collaboration, leadership, organizational structure, quality improvement culture and practice, relationships and communication, resources, and community-s...
Researchers found that young individuals with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular problems. The study, which examined 2,001 participants in the Dallas Heart Study, suggests treating ISH patients sooner rather than later to prevent future damage.
Researchers developed a 'good heart' muffin to help reduce the risk of heart disease through soluble fibre, meeting food standard guidelines for cholesterol-lowering properties. The muffins contain three grams of beta glucans, a healthy ingredient found in oats and cereals.
A high protein intake in early childhood is associated with a higher body mass index (BMI) due to increased body fat, not fat-free mass. The study found that children who consumed more animal-based protein sources were taller and heavier.
Researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt have developed light-inducible microRNA inhibitors that can target specific genes involved in slow-healing wounds. By injecting these inhibitors into the skin of mice, they were able to improve wound healing by blocking a particular microRNA that is frequently found in diabetes patients.
Researchers at UVA School of Medicine have identified a 'master switch' that controls platelet production in the bone marrow, offering new hope for treating platelet shortages and neonatal thrombocytopenia. The discovery may lead to the development of new treatments using existing compounds with improved efficacy and reduced side effects.
A study published in Energy & Environmental Science found that second-generation biofuels made from managed trees and perennial grasses may provide a sustainable fuel resource. The research demonstrated an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions relative to petroleum diesel.
New evidence suggests different origins of topography on Earth, Mars and Titan. Researchers found plate tectonics to be a key factor shaping Earth's surface but not as influential on Mars and Titan.
A recent study from Indiana University challenges the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology to control disease-carrying insect populations. The research found that naturally occurring genetic variation can render CRISPR-based methods ineffective, complicating efforts to prevent diseases like malaria and crop blights.
Researchers discover how tau prevents synaptic transmission in nerve cells, even before forming tangles, which disrupts brain cell function. This mechanism may pave the way for a treatment to prevent death of nerve cells.