Scientists discovered that treating a complex oxide crystal with heat or chemicals creates catalysts with dissimilar behaviors, leading to distinct products. The findings could provide a route to selective conversion of biomass into value-added chemicals.
A new study explores the coevolving web of life as a network, revealing counterintuitive results on direct and indirect effects within large webs of interacting species. The findings suggest that strong coevolutionary selection between partners increases the importance of indirect effects on overall evolution.
A new study reveals that extreme marine conditions can significantly alter food chain dynamics in the California Current ecosystem. Dolphin diets suggest shorter food chains due to changes in prey availability and nitrogen cycling, potentially threatening ecosystem resilience.
Experts warn that new NHS rules charging overseas visitors could compromise patient safety and should be withdrawn until a thorough impact assessment is carried out. The proposals pose significant challenges for healthcare teams in establishing entitlement to care and may lead to treatment being refused if patients cannot pay.
Research reveals a staggering 76% decline in insect biomass in German nature reserves, with average summer decline reaching 82%. The exact causes are unclear, but experts warn of potential ecological traps and call for increased monitoring and conservation efforts.
A study by researchers from Duke-NUS Medical School and Taiwan found that liver cancers exposed to Aristolochic Acids have AA-related mutations, with high prevalence in East and Southeast Asia. The findings highlight the need for public education and awareness about the dangers of AA in herbal products.
Researchers found that early-onset cocaine users exhibited pronounced differences in sustained attention, working memory, and declarative memory compared to late-onset users. The study also revealed higher frequencies of cannabis and alcohol use among early-onset individuals.
A recent study published in The BMJ found that first-time mothers with an epidural who adopt a lying down position during the second stage of labor are more likely to deliver their baby without any medical intervention. The study involved 3,093 women and found a 5.9% increase in the chance of spontaneous birth in the lying down group.
Research finds that social experience with a female mouse triggers separate neural populations and aggressive behavior in males, challenging the 'hardwired' hypothesis. The study reveals that even innate behaviors have a degree of plasticity and computation.
A large-scale study involving over 3 million Danish and Swedish adult women found no association between HPV vaccination and serious chronic diseases. However, the vaccine may increase the risk of developing celiac disease, particularly in Denmark where the condition is underdiagnosed.
Researchers developed a method to extract Higgs boson signal from noise data using quantum-compatible machine learning techniques, outperforming standard counterparts even with small datasets. The new approach is expected to be useful for problems beyond high-energy physics.
New University of Washington research reveals that individuals can purchase online ads to track the location of others and learn what apps they are using. This can be done for around $1,000, posing significant privacy risks. Advertisers may need to develop machine learning tools to detect suspicious behavior.
A recent study published in the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology found that using lamotrigine during pregnancy does not increase birth malformations or neurodevelopmental disorders. The research monitored 83 children born to epileptic mothers who took the medication between 2004 and 2014.
Researchers found that neutrophils can inhibit T lymphocyte activity, weakening the effect of cancer immunotherapy. This mechanism, triggered by soluble mediators released by cancer tissues, can cause an 'evil alter ego' in neutrophils, making them less effective at fighting cancer cells.
Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University identified two variants of single-nucleotide polymorphism associated with SVC arrhythmogenicity. These genetic factors, age, body mass index, and left ventricular ejection fraction, play a role in atrial fibrillation development.
Breast cancer cells recycle ammonia, a waste byproduct of cell metabolism, and use it as a source of nitrogen to fuel tumor growth. Repressing ammonia metabolism stunts tumor growth in mice.
A study published in Neurology found that prochlorperazine was more effective than hydromorphone in treating acute migraine, with 60% of patients experiencing sustained headache relief. The study also found no significant difference in opioid addiction rates between the two groups.
The MyGene2 platform connects patients, clinicians, and researchers to share genetic data, phenotypes, and experiences. Over 1,000 profiles have been created, enabling matches among patients with the same disease and facilitating low-cost exome sequencing.
Newomics Inc.'s multinozzle emitter array (MEA) technology can screen for diseases or toxins in small volumes of biological samples, improving sensitivity and throughput. This technology is designed to work with mass spectrometers to measure the structure and concentration of molecules, enabling better medicines and diagnostics.
The University of Minnesota Medical School has received a $892,462 grant from the Helmsley Charitable Trust's Rural Healthcare Program to develop a plan for equipping ambulances with mobile emergency departments. The goal is to improve emergency care for critical-need patients in the greater Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area.
Researchers found that flower petals with nanoscale ridges on their surface produce a 'blue halo' effect, which helps bees locate flowers. The irregularities in these nanostructures appear to be harnessed by evolution to aid floral communication.
A new study by researchers at the University of Kent and Utrecht found that reducing corruption is crucial to improving police satisfaction in developing countries. The study, which involved 559 residents in Accra, Ghana, showed that even fair treatment by police can be undermined by awareness of corruption and ineffectiveness.
Scientists discover that velvet worm slime consists of a mix of proteins and fatty acids, forming nanoglobules that harden into stiff filaments when exposed to shear forces. These fibers have tensile stiffness similar to Nylon and can be dissolved in water again within hours.
A new study on mice sheds light on the role of protein modification in heart failure, suggesting new strategies for personalizing treatment by examining phosphorylation. Researchers found that abnormal addition of phosphate to a specific heart muscle protein may damage the heart's pumping ability.
Prof Laurence Zitvogel has been awarded the first ESMO Award for Immuno-Oncology for her pioneering work in advancing cancer immunology and immunotherapy. Her research focuses on understanding the gut microbiome's role in cancer immunosurveillance, with implications for predicting response to immunomodulators.
Researchers found duplications of noncoding DNA that may explain genetic contributions to human disease and evolution. These duplications, which include regulatory sequences, may have impacted the expression of genes nearby or elsewhere in the genome.
A recent study published in The BMJ found that teenage girls are more likely to self-harm than boys, with a sharp rise in self-harm rates among UK girls aged 13-16. The study analyzed data from 16,912 patients and found that girls were nine times more likely to die unnaturally than unaffected children.
Researchers at University College London discovered that gentle touch can soothe the effects of social exclusion, one of the most emotionally painful human experiences. The study found that slow, affectionate touch reduced feelings of negativity and social exclusion induced by social rejection, even though general mood remained the same.
Industry is utilizing 3-D printing technology to reduce production time and costs, with companies like Volkswagen saving hundreds of thousands of dollars. However, material flaws and limitations continue to hinder the widespread adoption of 3-D printed products for consumers.
Don Ingber and Charles Reilly created a film that accurately depicts the fertilization of an egg by a sperm, revealing new insights into molecular-scale processes. The film's animation pipeline integrated physics-based software with molecular dynamics simulation to create a model that worked across all size scales.
Researchers have found that interaction between mesenchymal and adult neural stem cells can strongly promote oligodendrogenesis, potentially leading to improved treatment options for Multiple Sclerosis. The study's results demonstrate conservation across species, offering hope for clinical translation.
Researchers have found that climatic changes related to the Permian-Triassic extinction event occurred 1 million years earlier than previously thought. The discovery was made in the Karoo Basin in South Africa, where fossils revealed a 'faunal turnover' indicating early signs of the extinction event.
Patients who experience negative symptoms during biosimilar treatment attribute them incorrectly to the new medication. Effective communication between clinicians and patients is crucial for successful transitioning.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University and Weizmann Institute successfully transformed mature cells from various parts of the body into melanocytes, responsible for producing skin pigment. This breakthrough enables the potential for curing deafness and developing novel transplants.
Scientists have created a novel ferroelectric material that can be switched on and off using polarization, enabling the development of small, flexible digital memories. The material has potential applications in solar cells and other emerging technologies.
A groundbreaking study has found that injecting DNA into injured horse tendons and ligaments can cure lameness within two to three weeks. The gene therapy technology also showed no adverse side effects, with the horses returning to full health after just two months.
Researchers found that even small exposures to oil caused hemolytic anemia in birds, affecting growth, organ function, and reproductive success. The study highlights the widespread impact of oil spills on avian health.
German researchers have made significant advancements in human gene therapy, including virotherapy capable of destroying tumor cells and engineered hematopoietic stem cell delivery systems. These innovations hold promise for treating immunodeficiencies and genetic diseases.
A study using advanced MRI techniques found that brain connectivity can predict long-term recovery in patients with cardiac arrest-related brain damage. Functional connectivity was stronger in those who achieved higher levels of independence, and the interaction between default mode and salience networks was a key predictor of outcomes.
Researchers used single-molecule microscopy to study receptor-G protein interactions, finding specialized sites called hot spots where they meet and interact. These hot spots play a crucial role in regulating intracellular processes and may enable more precise therapeutic approaches.
A study comparing diabetes foot care services across England found that areas with 10 key services had lower rates of major lower limb amputations. These services include administrative support, standardized screening, and effective care pathways.
Researchers at KU Leuven have created a new membrane that significantly enhances the separation of methane and CO2 in natural gas and biogas. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient production of renewable fuels and chemicals.
Researchers discover that non-thermal plasma can efficiently produce oxygen on Mars through decomposition of CO2. The process could provide a stable and reliable source of oxygen for manned missions, reducing costs and risks.
A study aims to develop biomarkers for early detection of cognitive and behavioral problems in premature infants, enabling the design of early interventions. The research focuses on identifying structural abnormalities in subcortical brain regions that may predict long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.
A study published in Scientific Reports found that city dwellers living close to a forest showed healthier amygdala structures, suggesting better stress coping mechanisms. However, the association with urban green or wasteland was not confirmed.
A study of 38,679 hospitalized children with asthma found obesity to be a risk factor for repeated hospital admissions and longer stays. Those who were obese required more intensive care and had higher total hospitalization costs compared to normal-weight children.
Scientists at the University of Georgia developed an efficient living mulch system that benefits both corn production and soil health. By removing portions of clover after each harvest, farmers can reap cost savings from reduced herbicide and nitrogen fertilizer usage.
Researchers from the University of Leeds and others have developed more accurate methods for estimating biodiversity in large regions. The study found that rare tree species are poised to become dominant if conditions change in their favor.
A study published in ACS Nano describes the real-time visualization of liposomes escaping from blood vessels into surrounding skin cells in living mice. Researchers found that liposomes can invade skin cells within five minutes of injection and remain there for up to seven days.
Performing cholecystectomy before gastric bypass surgery may lower risks for patients with obesity and symptomatic gallstone disease. The analysis, based on 79,386 and 36,098 patient data from 2007 to 2013, suggests that the best strategy is to perform cholecystectomy prior to gastric bypass surgery.
A comprehensive study found that mining operations in Brazil are destroying a significant portion of the Amazon forest, with 90% of deforestation occurring outside mine lease boundaries. The research suggests that mining is now a substantial cause of Amazon forest loss, warranting action.
UTSA has launched five innovative research initiatives to support clean energy and climate action, with funding totaling over $2 million from CPS Energy. The projects aim to improve air quality, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and create smart buildings that can optimize energy consumption.
The Terry Fox Research Institute study found that the Pan Can Lung Cancer Risk Prediction Model outperformed comparable models in detecting early-stage lung cancer. The model identified high-risk individuals and detected cancer early, saving lives.
The USF team uses 3D imaging and photogrammetry techniques to preserve historic sites like Castillo de San Marcos and Fort Matanzas. The project aims to document the forts' histories and cultural influences, strengthening management and conservation efforts.
A new study estimates that about 2 million Americans may be exposed to high levels of naturally occurring arsenic in their private well water. The researchers developed a model incorporating tens of thousands of existing arsenic measurements and identified arsenic hotspots in regions with higher concentrations.
The University of California, Riverside team won the 'Best in Show' and 'Most Whimsical Hack' awards for their creative projects, including a hack that converted cat pictures into constellations. The team's work has the potential to educate and engage the community through interactive science experiences.
Scientists at Southern Methodist University have discovered a new, more accurate way to predict how much energy a person uses while walking. The method, known as the Minimum Mechanics Model, relies on three variables: speed, load carried, and slope.
Research found that astrocytes from children with autism exhibit innate inflammation, contributing to neuronal dysfunction. However, when normal astrocytes were co-cultured with autistic neurons, the latter reverted to normal functioning.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that the total flying insect biomass decreased by more than 75 percent over 27 years in protected areas. Insects play a crucial role in ecosystem functioning, pollinating 80 percent of wild plants and providing a food source for 60 percent of birds.
The Illinois River's dramatic recovery is attributed to the Clean Water Act, which reduced sewage effluent and improved water quality. As a result, populations of largemouth bass, bluegill, and other sportfish have increased dramatically, with catches now exceeding 100-300 fish per hour.