Brown University researchers have developed a method to manipulate the spatial coherence of light, transforming it from incoherent to coherent and vice versa. By controlling surface plasmon polaritons, they achieved strong modulation across a range of 0-80% coherence, breaking previous barriers.
Melanocyte stem cells can become cancerous when accumulating sufficient genetic mutations, which are activated by UV radiation from the sun. Researchers at Cornell University discovered a key gene, Hgma2, that facilitates melanoma development.
Researchers discover that well-fed mosquitoes use a softer take-off technique to evade detection, utilizing their long legs and high wingbeat frequency. This strategy allows them to minimize tactile detection without compromising on take-off speed.
Children considered at risk for retinoblastoma should receive genetic counseling and testing as soon as possible to detect the disease early. The new guidelines aim to improve care for these children by focusing on those at highest risk while reducing unnecessary examinations.
Daily calcium intake among adults varies widely around the world, with many areas at risk of bone health due to low intakes. Regional patterns show Southern and Eastern Asia having the lowest average intakes, while Northern Europe registers higher intakes.
Scientists discovered that hardy corals, known as coralliths, can create stable habitats for other species to build upon. These mobile corals can survive harsh environments and may have played a key role in forming existing coral habitats.
A NASA study reveals that powerful solar eruptions could charge areas of the Martian moon Phobos to hundreds of volts, potentially affecting sensitive electronics. The charging effects could also affect astronauts on potential human missions to Phobos.
Computer scientist Jelani Nelson finds Johnson-Lindenstrauss lemma best approach to reduce data dimensionality. The theorem helps speed up algorithms across various fields.
Researchers at Michigan State University have discovered a new concept called 'drift robustness', where small populations evolve to protect themselves from harmful mutations. This adaptation allows them to survive and thrive in environments where larger populations would struggle.
A study found that mating induces sexual inhibition in female jumping spiders, causing them to reject subsequent male suitors. Females commonly store sperm from their first mating and can use it for the rest of their lives.
Scientists have characterized a new class of drugs that precisely block the production of toxic forms of beta-amyloid, a primary driver of Alzheimer's disease. Treatment with these gamma-secretase modulators reduces levels of amyloid-beta 42 in animal models and cellular systems.
A team of University of Arizona researchers has discovered that a previously thought to be small turquoise mine was actually a significant source of the mineral, producing 25% more turquoise than previously estimated. The study uses both archaeology and geochemistry to gain a complete picture of operations at the mine.
A new WCS study found that coral reef fish diversity depends on maintaining fish biomass above a critical level. The researchers analyzed data from 152 reefs and found that about 65% of the reefs had biomass levels above this threshold.
Scientists used animation techniques from 'Star Wars' to develop a new molecular modeling tool, yielding insights into sperm tail movement and protein motors. The project also tackled a fundamental challenge in science: modeling hierarchical cellular and molecular motions across various scales.
Researchers have developed a novel microwave synthesis process that facilitates the production of high-voltage cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. The new process produces high-quality lithium cobalt phosphate in just 30 minutes with minimal energy consumption.
A recent study published in Pediatrics found that infants with trisomy 13 or 18 who underwent heart surgery had a significant decrease in in-hospital mortality and an increase in survival rates. This benefit lasted for up to two years, doubling the number of babies that survive more than one year after surgery.
A study of 2500 elderly patients found that delays in getting to the hospital are common among non-white individuals and those experiencing atypical symptoms. These delays can have life-threatening consequences, emphasizing the need for improved clinical and public health strategies to ensure timely presentation.
A recent study published in The Journals of Gerontology: Series A found that individuals who consumed more fruit, vegetables, and wholegrain cereals across their adult lives performed better in physical function tests at age 60-64. Improving diet quality throughout adulthood can have a significant beneficial effect on strength and phys...
A study analyzing 1460 scats from breeding sites found that jellyfish are a common prey of black-browed and Campbell albatrosses. Jellyfish were present at seven of the eight sites sampled and comprise 20% of the DNA sequences identified.
Researchers discovered that water-repellent surfaces force ice to grow upward, making it easier to remove. The team's findings suggest applying water-repellent coatings or engineering surfaces with built-in repelling properties could enable breeze-assisted ice removal.
A new study published in Nature Communications identifies the cells and genes necessary to make liver ducts in zebrafish, which could lead to the development of new treatments for Alagille syndrome. The research team discovered that Jagged signals come from an unexpected cell type, endoderm-derived cells within the liver itself, stimul...
A rare cancer in patients with breast implants, BIA-ALCL, may be on the rise and underreported. The cancer is linked to textured implants, which were introduced in the 1990s, and can lead to chronic inflammation and lymphoma, resulting in a good prognosis when treated promptly.
WPI scientists creating autonomous snake-like robots to navigate rubble and confined spaces, sending images and information to search-and-rescue teams. The robots will use integrated deformation sensors to control motion and make decisions autonomously.
A study published by The BMJ found that lying down during the second stage of labor for women with low-dose epidurals increases the chance of a spontaneous vaginal birth. This approach shows no adverse consequences for mothers or babies.
Researchers measured firefighters' exposure to carcinogens and found post-fire levels of PAH metabolites in urine were 2.9-5.3 times higher than pre-fire levels. Skin decontamination may help reduce exposure, the study suggests.
Researchers found organics on Ceres are likely native, contradicting earlier theories of delivery via comets or asteroids. The discovery suggests a complex chemical evolution and important astrobiological implications for the solar system.
A study by the University of Seville found that investing in cycling infrastructure yields a significant social return, with an average profitability rate of 130% on public investment. The research estimated a €550m profit for the city of Seville, outperforming traditional transport infrastructure investments.
Researchers developed an engineered protein therapy based on the GDF15 molecule to treat obesity. The treatment successfully lowered body weights, insulin levels, and cholesterol in obese mice, rats, and primates.
A new study using citizen science data predicts that warmer waters will cause fish to extend their ranges further from the equator, leading to a decline in the diversity of invertebrates such as crabs and lobsters. This change is expected to affect food webs and ecosystems worldwide.
Research examines the benefits of palliative care in heart failure treatment, showing improved patient-centered outcomes. Palliative care can address symptoms like pain and depression to enhance treatment effectiveness.
A study published in Annals of Oncology found that men who smoke and have multiple oral sex partners are at higher risk of developing oropharyngeal cancer. Despite the risk, the likelihood is still relatively low, making screening a challenge.
Researchers discovered two primary forces at play: hydrogen bonds and phase segregation, which strengthen or weaken each other. The study improves understanding of polymer structure formation, enhancing knowledge about self-healing materials and protein structures.
Researchers found mosquitoes make stealthy takeoffs with barely a push-off, instead relying on strong wing beats for lift. They can carry blood meals without issue, using sweeping wing movements to generate extra lift.
A study found that Medicare pay-for-performance programs are having a disproportionate financial impact on hospitals in the Mississippi Delta region, causing declining financial performance. The programs have led to widening disparities in financial performance between Delta and non-Delta hospitals.
CAR T-cell therapy, approved by the FDA, has been shown to double long-term survival rates for patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The treatment, offered at UChicago Medicine, involves reprogramming a patient's immune system to detect and destroy cancer cells.
Research reveals that wounds heal more than twice as fast in skin with prior inflammatory experience, thanks to sensitized stem cells. These cells remain active long after the initial inflammation has subsided and are better equipped to migrate into the wound.
Physicists measure magnetic force of antiprotons with record precision, but data reveals no difference between protons and antiprotons, confirming CPT symmetry. The BASE collaboration aims to use even higher precision measurements to find the source of matter-antimatter asymmetry.
For the first time, astronomers have observed a celestial event through both conventional telescopes and gravitational waves. The collision of two super-dense neutron stars just 120 million light-years from Earth was captured by both gravity wave observatories and telescopes.
A study published in JAMA found a strong association between Zika virus infection and Guillain-Barré syndrome in Puerto Rico. The study identified acute Zika virus infection as a significant risk factor for GBS, highlighting the need for further investigation into the pathophysiology of Zika virus infection.
A new study from the Salk Institute discovered that the p75 protein plays a crucial role in pain signaling, supporting the survival of sensory neurons that transmit pain signals. This finding has significant implications for understanding neurological disorders and developing treatments for conditions such as spinal cord injury.
A 12-week physical and psycho-social intervention improved functional capacity in advanced lung cancer patients, while also enhancing their quality of life. The study's findings suggest that exercise interventions can be a beneficial approach for these patients, reducing the burden on caregivers and improving overall well-being.
Researchers showcased Droplet Digital PCR's use in detecting rare mutations, including stem cell integrity and cancer-related de novo mutations. The technology also enabled the non-invasive detection of transplant rejection through cell-free DNA measurement, offering a promising alternative to invasive methods.
Researchers at Imperial College London have discovered a novel water droplet behavior that allows some droplets to form 'crowns' around particles, enabling efficient liquid deposition and coating. This breakthrough has implications for industrial spray drying methods used in detergent and instant coffee production.
Researchers witnessed electromagnetic signals associated with the gravitational wave emission from a neutron star merger, complementing observations from multiple telescopes. This breakthrough marks the beginning of Multi-Messenger astrophysics, allowing scientists to study single events using various techniques.
The oral semaglutide formulation resulted in significant improvements in glycemic control, with up to 90% of patients achieving an HbA1c level below 7%. Clinically relevant weight loss was also observed in up to 71% of patients.
Early dysregulation of cellular energy metabolism appears characteristic of chronic hepatitis C infection. Gene expression patterns in HCV-specific CD8 T cells differentiate between chronic and resolving HCV infections, offering potential avenues for predicting disease outcome and intervening before failure.
Researchers developed nanofiber sutures loaded with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and pam3CSK4 peptide, releasing the former on a sustained basis over four weeks. The sutures activated immune responses, producing the LL-37 peptide that kills microbes by disrupting their membranes.
Receiving a blood transfusion from an ever-pregnant female donor is associated with increased mortality among male recipients, but not among female recipients. Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is also linked to transfusions from female donors, particularly those with pregnancy history.
Researchers discovered two sets of neural signals control diaphragm movement, one in the brain and one in the spinal cord. They used a drug to activate this alternative pathway, restoring breath-like movements in rodents.
Researchers discovered a genetic cause of autism that affects male mice more severely than females, leading to abnormal reward-learning behavior. This study sheds light on the sex differences in autism and may lead to new treatments for the disorder.
A new imaging system, cryo-MOST, has been developed to monitor brain changes indicative of Alzheimer's disease in mouse models. The system uses autofluorescence to image senile plaques with micron-level resolution, improving the understanding of disease progression and facilitating the development of new treatments.
Researchers have retrieved original pigment, beta-keratin and muscle proteins from a 54-million-year-old sea turtle hatchling, providing direct evidence that a pigmentation-based survival trait evolved in ancient sea turtles. The study confirms the preservation of multiple proteins over millions of years.
Researchers have designed an innovative system using liquid lithium loops to clean and recycle tritium, a key fuel in future fusion power plants. The system aims to protect divertor plates from intense exhaust heat and remove dust and impurities from the plasma.
Researchers found that roundworms can prime a defense mechanism when exposed to the scent of a lethal bacterium, increasing cell survival. This discovery could lead to a non-pharmaceutical treatment for neurodegenerative diseases by stimulating the same sensory trigger in humans.
Experts argue that increasing physical activity can help older people live independently and reduce the need for social care. Regular exercise can reverse age-related decline and improve cognitive ability, reducing the risk of dementia.
GA4GH has struck formal collaborations with 15 international genomic data initiatives, including Genomics England and the U.S. All of Us Research Program. The goal is to create framework and standards for responsible sharing of genomic data by 2022.
Researchers tracked eye movements to show how minds imagine possible outcomes, finding that counterfactual simulation is a pervasive cognitive process. The study used billiard ball collisions to demonstrate the concept, which can inform notions of causality in law and other fields.
The collaboration aims to establish a PDX Data Commons and Coordinating Center to integrate and share PDX treatment data for research. This will enhance precision in measuring drug-response and provide a clinical trial roadmap for piloting treatments.
A machine learning tool can accurately predict which high-risk breast lesions are at low risk of becoming cancerous, allowing for safer monitoring instead of surgery. The model correctly identified 97% of cases and avoided almost one-third of benign surgeries.
A large observational study compared the safety of new anti-clotting drugs with warfarin. The results show that DOACs are not associated with a higher risk of major bleeding, similar to warfarin. This suggests that DOACs can be a viable alternative for treating serious blood clots.