Scientists have characterized the complex process of human sperm stem cell development, revealing four distinct cellular phases. The study's findings may lead to better tools for diagnosing and treating male infertility, as well as uncovering genetic changes underlying cancers associated with male infertility.
At randomly selected high-angle general grain boundaries in a nickel-bismuth polycrystalline alloy, researchers found that interfacial reconstruction can form ordered superstructures. These segregation-induced superstructures enrich theories and fundamental understandings of grain boundary segregation and liquid metal embrittlement.
Participants rated positive images as smoother and less choppy than neutral and negative images, even when fading at the same rate. The emotional content of the images affected how people experienced time, with higher approach motivation leading to smoother perceptions.
Research suggests that prehistoric humans recognized the dangers of inbreeding at least 34,000 years ago and developed sophisticated social networks to avoid it. The study analyzed genetic information from remains of anatomically modern humans and found evidence of deliberate mate selection beyond immediate family members.
A new study estimates that there were 854,000 new cases of liver cancer and 810,000 deaths worldwide in 2015. The majority of these cases were attributed to hepatitis B virus and alcohol consumption, highlighting the need for prevention and treatment strategies.
A new study successfully uses a shortened version of the CEP290 gene to treat Leber congenital amaurosis type 10, a rare genetic disorder causing blindness. The treatment shows significant improvement in photoreceptor survival and function.
A new study from AAA reveals that in-vehicle technologies like voice-based and touch screen features can take drivers' eyes off the road and hands off the wheel for extended periods, increasing the risk of accidents. The study found that programming navigation was the most distracting task, taking an average of 40 seconds to complete.
A new study found that watching hockey games live or on TV can cause a substantial effect on the cardiovascular system, with average heart rate increases of 75% and 110%, respectively. The emotional stress response triggered by high-stakes moments in the game can trigger adverse cardiovascular events.
Scientists develop an antibody-based Zika virus therapeutic that protects monkeys from infection and neutralizes the virus. The treatment has been shown to be effective in preventing Zika virus replication in rhesus macaques.
A recent study published in Annals of Surgery found that bariatric surgery lowers the risk of developing certain types of cancer, including postmenopausal breast cancer and endometrial cancer, by up to 50% among severely obese patients. The study also showed a significant reduction in risk for colon cancer and pancreatic cancer.
Researchers created micro hearts, lungs, and livers that can mimic human organ responses to medications. The 'body-on-a-chip' system aims to improve drug development by identifying toxic side effects early on.
Researchers at Binghamton University developed a new framework that interprets mouth gestures as a medium for interaction within virtual reality in real-time. The system achieved high correct recognition rates and was tested on a group of graduate students using a head-mounted display.
Researchers at CRI discover lactate acts as a fuel source for growing tumors, contradicting the nearly century-old Warburg effect. The finding has significant implications for therapies and imaging techniques for lung cancer.
Researchers found that prehistoric humans deliberately sought partners beyond immediate family to avoid inbreeding. This suggests they developed complex mating systems, possibly foreshadowing modern marriage ceremonies, which may have contributed to their success.
Researchers have identified a key protein, MgtE, that plays a crucial role in signaling bacteria to form clusters, or biofilms, in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. The study reveals how fluctuations in magnesium levels influence MgtE activity, providing new insights into the development of chronic pneumonia.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed a method to detect network intrusions in connected and autonomous vehicles, with near-perfect detection rates in initial testing. Additionally, scientists have created a technique for making ultrafast measurements using atomic force microscopy, allowing for high-resolution ima...
Researchers have identified two microRNAs, miR-294 and miR-721, that are upregulated in macrophages infected with Leishmania parasites, potentially inhibiting the immune system's response. By analyzing the expression of these microRNAs, scientists hope to identify molecular targets for developing new treatments against leishmaniasis.
A long-term study found that global sensory impairment can predict poor health outcomes, including greater risk of death, in older US adults. Adults with worse sensory impairment had slower physical and cognitive abilities, and a higher risk of dying over five years.
A study found that many discarded kidney organs can be suitable for transplantation if certain steps are taken to limit damage following donation. The use of these organs could be increased by limiting cold ischemia times.
A new test allows accurate, rapid testing for Salmonella, a leading cause of food-borne illness. The test detects the bacteria in environmental and clinical samples, reducing diagnosis time from five days to 24 hours.
Researchers developed a customizable mouse model of leukemia using multiplex CRISPR-Cas9 editing and human hematopoietic stem cells. The models accurately reflect human responses to therapeutic agents commonly used to treat blood cancers. This breakthrough may aid drug discovery and clinical trials.
Researchers developed higher resolution genetic diagnostic tools to identify genetic anomalies in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. The study linked novel DLG2 promoters and coding exons to developmental delay and intellectual disability, providing a potential pathogenic role in these conditions.
Researchers discovered a four-phase pattern in soil organic matter decay and carbon dioxide flows to the atmosphere due to soil warming. This pattern has significant implications for global warming, as it suggests that microbial communities are adapting to changing conditions by evolving new enzymes to process reduced carbon.
Kavitha Sarma, a researcher at The Wistar Institute, has been awarded the NIH Director's New Innovator Award for her work on epigenetic regulation and chromatin biology in neurodegeneration and cancer. The $1.5 million grant will support her research efforts to identify new therapeutic targets.
Researchers found that low dietary potassium promotes elevated aortic stiffness, while increased dietary potassium alleviates it. Increased potassium also reduced vascular calcification and aortic stiffness in mouse models, suggesting its potential to protect against heart disease.
The Obama and Trump administrations have produced vastly different environmental assessment results related to the Clean Water Act. A systematic protocol for government cost-benefit analyses of proposed regulations is urgently needed to ensure better decision-making on human health and environmental issues.
A new analysis suggests the Trump Administration's proposal to rescind the 2015 Waters of the United States (WOTUS) rule inappropriately excludes wetlands-related values. The analysis found that benefits to rescind the rule were greater than costs, but only quantified benefits from wetlands-related values were considered.
Researchers from MSU found that changing the ratio of components in light-absorbing perovskite layers influences film structure and solar cell efficiency. By studying intermediate compounds formed during crystallization, they discovered a key factor affecting perovskite crystal shape and solar cell performance.
A new study found that a selection of efficient key plant species can effectively support pollinators in agricultural landscapes. The researchers identified 14 crucial plant species for the whole bee and hoverfly community, highlighting the potential of targeted agri-environmental schemes.
The 12 GeV Upgrade Project has tripled CEBAF's original operating energy, enabling precise imaging of nuclei and searches for exotic new particles. This upgrades allows researchers to explore the fundamental building blocks of matter at a scale previously inaccessible.
A new molecular trap, MIL-101-Cr, removes nearly all radioactive iodide from used nuclear fuel rods, exceeding current regulations by up to 0.003 percent. The breakthrough could save on fuel costs worldwide, as the new method is cheaper and more effective than existing industrial adsorbents.
Researchers found that hurricane-suppressing effects of cooler sea surface temperatures were outweighed by the side effects of slowed ocean circulation in Florida during the Younger Dryas period. Turbidites captured the fury of Florida's stormy days, revealing a surprising level of hurricane activity despite chilly seas.
A new study from Georgetown University found that the 2001 NY State Medicaid expansion significantly increased racial disparities in access to high-quality cancer surgery. The proportion of minority Medicaid patients treated at top hospitals decreased, while white patients' access improved.
A new study found that simplified health information and instruction can improve outcomes for families with low health literacy in childhood obesity treatment programs. Families saw similar improvements in body mass index, sugar-sweetened drink consumption, and quality of life, regardless of their ability to understand health information.
The global Guinea Worm Eradication Programme is highly cost-effective in preventing the spread of guinea worm disease, with a financial cost of $0.0176 per capita per year. The programme's cost-effectiveness exceeds that of no intervention or minimal intervention scenarios, making it a valuable investment for disease prevention.
A precision medicine trial is helping doctors target the genetic makeup of high-risk neuroblastoma tumors. Victoria Thompson, a two-year-old girl, is part of the trial and has seen promising results after innovative treatments.
Sloan Siegrist, a UMass Amherst microbiologist, has received a five-year, $2.3 million NIH New Innovator Award to study Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth rates and develop new antibiotic therapies.
A new study by McGill University researchers reveals that the brain's motor signals play a crucial role in distinguishing complex sounds. By anticipating the occurrence of next tone, the motor system sharpens auditory perception, even when participants remain still.
A recent study has identified 150 genetic drivers of diffuse large B cell lymphoma, a common form of blood cancer. The research, led by Duke Cancer Institute scientists, found correlations between specific genes and treatment responses, opening up new avenues for targeted therapies.
A study by Georgia State University researchers found that brown fat's role in generating heat is more complex than previously thought. They discovered that lipolysis, which breaks down stored fat, is not essential for heat production in response to cold exposure, but rather regulates fuel selection and white fat browning.
The liverwort's genome has provided insight into the transition from algae to land plants, identifying genes critical for plant growth and development. The study also found that early plants developed strategies for water retention and distribution, which are still employed by modern plants.
The new book, 'Public Space? Lost and Found,' examines the crucial role of art in shaping our sense of community and politics. It argues that public space is an essential requirement of contemporary life and can never be politically neutral ground.
A team of researchers from the University of Texas at Austin has created an accurate and efficient method to characterize gliomas, the most common and aggressive type of primary brain tumor. Their system combined biophysical models with machine learning algorithms to analyze Magnetic Resonance imaging data, achieving top results in a c...
Research at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute suggests that eliminating p62 protein in surrounding stromal tissue can disrupt tumor supply lines. This could lead to new strategies to target non-oncogenic addictions and undermine cancer growth.
A study of 27 defendants in the Rwandan genocide trial found that most tried to justify their actions by claiming they were 'good people'. Researchers analyzed testimony and identified two neutralization techniques: appeal to good character and victimization, which were used more frequently than previously known methods.
Researchers at John Innes Centre developed an advanced analysis method to study bacterial signalling, enabling a comprehensive 'signalling map' for the key protein Hfq. This approach integrates data from multiple experiments, increasing our capacity to understand plant and human diseases.
A University of Utah study found that summary displays and ensemble displays can be misinterpreted by novice viewers, leading to inaccurate risk assessments. The researchers suggest that media reports should provide more context to help the public understand hurricane forecast visualization methods.
The documentary highlights New Orleans' efforts to create a master plan for future events as the 'canary in the coal mine' for climate impacts. The city's unique situation, with the Mississippi River altered after the great flood of 1927 and land sinking due to sea-level rise, underscores the need for planning and resilience.
Dr. Fine's laboratory uses cerebral organoids to model glioma growth and response to therapies, offering a more accurate representation of clinical disease. The award supports his personalized brain-cancer models, which may lead to precision medicine treatment strategies.
A comprehensive study mapped specific cell types in mouse brains, revealing three major inhibitory cell types vary across cortical areas, and female brains have more modulatory neurons in certain subcortical regions. The study provides insights into brain function and has potential applications for understanding psychiatric disorders.
Researchers have discovered a potential method to predict nearby strong earthquakes by analyzing deep tremors. The study, published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, found that changes in deep tremor patterns can signal an impending earthquake.
Researchers at Rice University and Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed a technique to probe through tiny windows created by an electron beam and measure the catalytic activity of molybdenum disulfide, a two-dimensional material. The study found that most production of hydrogen is coming from the thin sheets' edges.
Professor Graham Hutchings' groundbreaking work on gold catalysis has led to the development of a substitute for mercury, significantly reducing environmental harm. The gold catalyst has replaced mercury in PVC production, meeting international regulations and benefiting human health.
A review of over 60 studies found road pricing to be the most effective strategy to reduce emissions and traffic. Low-emission zones also encourage cleaner vehicles and reduce driving, leading to improved air quality.
Researchers create a computational model to simulate focal cooling, a brain-cooling treatment that may ease epileptic seizures. The model reveals insights into the mechanism underlying this technique, which involves suppressing electrical signals in specific brain regions.
Scientists have identified genetic processes that enable nerve-supporting cells to transform into specialized versions that facilitate nerve regeneration. This knowledge may lead to new drug therapies for peripheral neuropathies, a set of conditions causing numbness, muscle weakness, and sensitivity.
Julia Oh has received a $2.8 million NIH grant to explore engineered probiotic treatments for skin diseases. Her research aims to harness the skin microbiome to create new therapeutics.
A recent study using the Sawyer-Tower technique finds no signs of piezoelectricity or ferroelectricity in pig aorta. The researchers tested the tissue's electromechanical properties and found it behaves like a standard dielectric material.
Wayne State University will analyze 20 years of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders data to refine the new diagnosis and provide support for official recognition in the DSM. The study aims to identify key developmental outcomes, prenatal alcohol exposure levels, and critical dose effects.
Researchers found that the same mathematical principles governing topological insulators also drive equatorial waves in the ocean, explaining their persistence despite weather disturbances. This discovery could lead to new ways of identifying climate dynamics and deepening scientists' understanding of the Earth's climate system.