A new study from Michigan Medicine found that women who undergo a bilateral mastectomy with reconstruction are 7.8 times more likely to miss work than those who opt for lumpectomy and radiation therapy.
Researchers from UBC Okanagan have developed a novel approach to control odor and pathogens in anaerobic digestion, reducing sulfuric gases by 93% and pathogenic fecal coliforms by 83%. The technique uses common commercial chemicals and has minimal annual costs of $10,000.
The SciShops.eu project analyzes characteristics of science shops to develop new ones addressing subjects like women and science, sustainability, and community problems. The goal is to create a collaborative effort between researchers, civil organizations, and citizens.
Scientists have successfully developed a zero-index waveguide compatible with current silicon photonic technologies, allowing them to observe standing waves with infinitely-long wavelengths. This breakthrough could enable the creation of ultra-compact optical devices and pave the way for new quantum computing applications.
A 120-million-year-old bird specimen from the Early Cretaceous exhibits high skeletal fusion in manus and pelvis bones, features rare in most known birds from that era. Osteohistological analysis indicates that the bird reached maturity in approximately one year, similar to modern birds.
UTA researchers are using a $50,000 grant to build models and test software that will help the Trinity River Authority make a decision on converting flood storage to water supply. The conversion could allow TRA to store treated wastewater in wet years and sell it during droughts.
Researchers sequenced the genome of wild olive trees, uncovering insights into oil biosynthesis and the evolution of olive oil production. The study found that ancient gene duplication events led to increased expression of genes involved in oleic acid production.
Scientists use single-molecule FRET imaging techniques to study the dynamics of NMDA receptor gates, which control chemical signals into electrical signals. The research reveals that these gates have multiple conformational interactions that improve or degrade signaling.
Researchers developed a mathematical model of microwave communication for 5G networks, addressing signal attenuation and radio resource allocation. The study aims to enable gigabit-rate transmission via millimeter wave channels in urban environments.
Indiana University will establish a network of sites to study early-onset Alzheimer's disease, a rare variant that affects people under 65. The Longitudinal Early-onset AD Study (LEADS) aims to bridge the gap in clinical trials for this population by collecting robust longitudinal data on genetic risk factors and treatment options.
Researchers found that birds with related or familiar neighbors had better body condition and telomere length, indicating improved health and aging. The study suggests that keeping good neighbors is crucial for wild animals' well-being, particularly in densely populated areas.
The National Crime Victims Research & Treatment Center is developing a Mass Violence and Victimization Resource Center to provide fast and comprehensive services to those affected by mass casualty events. The center will focus on social support, mental health treatment, and technology-based tools to help survivors and their families.
Researchers at UC Riverside developed a photodetector that doubles its efficiency by combining two distinct materials, producing quantum mechanical processes. This breakthrough can revolutionize the way solar energy is collected.
Scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine have discovered a compound that directly makes cancer cells commit suicide while sparing healthy cells. The new treatment approach, BTSA1, works by triggering apoptosis in cancer cells through the BAX protein, leaving healthy cells unscathed.
A study using fruit flies has identified a mechanism behind a human heart condition that causes the heart to enlarge and fail. The mutation interferes with heart muscle relaxation, preventing it from fully filling with blood and pumping it out.
Researchers used bird specimens to track air pollution levels over 135 years, revealing a sharp drop in black carbon during the Great Depression and a rebound after World War II. The study shows that efforts to address urban smoke pollution had a lasting impact on reducing pollution.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is driven by two distinct subsets of cancer stem cells, each with its own transcriptional program and morphological characteristics. Targeting these cell populations using combined BMI1 and EZH2 inhibition achieves modest efficacy in solo treatments but synergistic results when used together.
A study reveals that massive coal formation 300 million years ago nearly led to global glaciation due to low CO2 concentrations. The research indicates that current levels of CO2 in the atmosphere pose a significant threat to climate stability.
A new study from Purdue University and the University of New Hampshire finds that pursuing sustainable irrigation can negatively impact environmental and development goals globally. The research highlights the importance of considering irrigation's interaction with other sustainable development goals.
A study published in Genome Research investigated the role of p53 in tumor suppression and found that no single gene serves as a backup 'second in command' to activate its functions. Instead, p53 relies on a multifunctional team of genes contributing to tumor suppression.
A study suggests that exclusion devices in fishing nets may be linked to elevated post-release mortality and reproductive failure among New Zealand sea lions. The research found a negative correlation between pup production and annual growth rates and the estimated interaction rate with the Auckland Islands squid fishery.
Researchers have developed a new diagnostic method for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma, based on a simple blood sample containing circulating tumor DNA. The test has been shown to highly correlate with tumor burden, treatment response, and stage of cancer.
A new electronic frailty index (eFI) tool helps GPs identify older people at risk of frailty and poor health outcomes. The eFI uses routine data from GP databases and has been shown to flag up patients who are living with mild, moderate, or severe frailty.
Researchers analyzed data from thousands of students and found a significant decline in narcissism, particularly in traits like vanity and entitlement. The average college student scores lower on the Narcissism Personality Inventory than grandparent counterparts, suggesting that age brings a decrease in narcissistic tendencies.
A team of Rutgers scientists has discovered a way to increase the nutritional value of corn by inserting a bacterial gene that produces methionine, a key amino acid. This breakthrough could benefit millions in developing countries who rely on corn as a staple food, and significantly reduce worldwide animal feed costs.
Scientists from the University of Minnesota found that excessively fertilized lakes in Iowa had low algae growth due to the destructive effect of nitrate particles, resulting in increased water clarity. This study suggests that relying on water clarity to gauge water quality may not be effective in all regions.
A study found that calorie postings on menus lead to a significant increase in health-related discussions in online restaurant reviews, suggesting potential spillovers towards healthier restaurants. The result indicates that calorie posting can shift consumers towards healthier alternatives not only inside but also outside the restaurant.
Altered MAIT cell concentration and function are linked to T1D pathogenesis, compromising gut mucosa homeostasis and favoring autoimmune responses.
New research from Carnegie Institution for Science suggests that North Atlantic wind farms can generate at least three times more power than onshore wind farms, tapping into winds throughout the atmosphere. However, this tremendous wind power is seasonal and primarily available during winter months.
Scientists at Columbia's Zuckerman Institute found that the brain recalls larger concepts first when recalling information, then reconstructs details, reversing the traditional encoding and decoding process. This study sheds light on phenomena like eyewitness testimony and stereotyping.
A recent analysis by Stanford University researchers found that places with high animal diversity correlate with areas that have the most carbon sequestered in soil. The team discovered that meal remnants from animals contribute to an increase in soil microbes, which convert organic material into stored carbon.
Researchers successfully built a gene drive to reduce female fertility in malaria-spreading mosquitoes, but mutations soon arose that blocked the spread of new genes. This study documents the emergence of resistance and will help improve future gene drives.
Scientists have successfully created a porous solid that retains its properties in both liquid and glass states. This discovery enables the development of more efficient industrial applications for these materials.
A new study suggests that reducing nutrient pollution in salt marshes could help prevent human disease. The research found that nutrient enrichment increased the number and biomass of parasites in a specific host species, which may have implications for human health.
Researchers have identified several genes associated with congenital heart disease, including FLT4 and GDF1, which may help predict risk for future offspring. The study also found that de novo mutations in certain genes are common among CHD patients, potentially leading to neurodevelopmental issues.
A University of Vermont-led study of 300,000 children in 35 nations reveals that those living near areas with greater tree cover are less likely to experience diarrheal disease. The research suggests that protecting watersheds can have a comparable effect to improved water sanitation.
Researchers at RIT are refining lab-on-chip devices to analyze diseases faster and more cost-effectively. Blanca Lapizco-Encinas is improving the separation of biological cells and biomolecules using a combination of chromatography principles and dielectrophoresis.
A recent study analyzing survey data found that black patients were more likely to die in hospitals, while white patients received poorer treatment. The study also showed a lack of respect for white patients' wishes during end-of-life care.
Researchers discovered specialized macrophages called SAMs that interact with sympathetic neurons to affect neuronal activation and fat mass reduction. Blocking SAM-mediated norepinephrine clearance boosts fat breakdown and weight loss in mice.
Researchers found superstructures at general grain boundaries that affect the performance of polycrystalline engineering alloys. The discovery could enable the engineering of alloyed materials with superior properties and greater ductility and strength.
A Stanford-led study discovered a specific mutation in the p53 gene that enhances its anti-tumor activity, creating a 'super tumor suppressor' that protects against pancreatic cancer. The researchers found that this mutant hyperactivates p53, leading to a surge of activity in downstream target genes.
NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite captured thermal images of cloud top temperatures from Post-tropical cyclone Nate, revealing coldest temperatures in storms over the Mid-Atlantic States. The storm brought moderate to heavy rainfall to the central Appalachians and Mid-Atlantic regions.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute discovered how the genome's three-dimensional architecture changes during the cell cycle. The study found that condensation and de-condensation occur gradually, with larger domains forming during mitosis.
The University of Wisconsin-Madison has been awarded $12.5 million to develop a new laboratory that will research fundamental properties of plasma to better understand the universe. The lab, known as WiPPL, will combine expertise and equipment from two existing projects to simulate astrophysical phenomena on Earth.
Researchers found that high-risk TREM2 variants can hobble the immune system's ability to protect against amyloid beta, but later in the disease, the absence of TREM2 protein protects the brain from damage. The study suggests targeting the TREM2 protein as a means of preventing or treating Alzheimer's may be complicated and that doctor...
A recent genetic study found that men's ability to father children later in life has no link to their longevity, and women's survival past 50 is not favoured by evolution. The research suggests that genes beneficial for both early and late life are the key to understanding why people live beyond 50.
A study of 90 participants found that neural stimulation synchronized or desynchronized low-frequency brain waves between frontal cortex areas, corresponding to behavioral changes in control and learning. The findings have potential implications for the treatment of mental health disorders.
Researcher Robert Reinhart found that synchronizing specific brain oscillations enhances executive function by improving communication between two key brain areas. Participants showed improved learning and decision-making skills, and effects could be quickly reversed.
A study found that changes in marital relationship quality over time are associated with variations in cardiovascular risk factors for men. Improving relationships were linked to lower levels of 'bad' cholesterol and relatively lower weight, while deteriorating relationships were associated with worsening diastolic blood pressure.
Researchers suggest open-ocean wind farms can sustain higher electricity generation rates than on-land wind farms due to kinetic energy reservoir access. Annual global energy demand could be met with commercial-scale open-ocean wind turbines spanning approximately 3 million square kilometers.
Researchers at the University of Illinois developed guidelines to understand auxetic materials that become thicker when stretched, applicable for protective sports equipment, body armor and biomedical devices. The new tools aim to democratize auxetic design, making it accessible to engineers from novice to advanced experience levels.
A new study by Princeton University researchers reveals that the North American monsoon is facing a dramatic reduction in precipitation, with significant implications for regional water resources and hazards. The study corrects for sea surface temperature biases and suggests that the region's famous thunderstorms may become less common.
Long-term follow-up confirms that isoniazid prophylaxis reduces both severe morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected individuals. The study provides evidence for the WHO recommendation of isoniazid preventive therapy in HIV-positive patients, even with early antiretroviral treatment.
A study found that patients with recorded penicillin allergy were more likely to develop surgical site infections, but only if they received alternative antibiotics. The risk was 50% higher in these patients, highlighting the need for reevaluation of penicillin allergy testing guidelines.
Researchers found that atomic hydrogen makes up a majority of gas in younger galaxies, contradicting expectations. This discovery has significant implications for our understanding of the early Universe and the role of cold gas in star formation.
Researchers discovered that LSD1 removal in adult mice induces changes in gene activity similar to Alzheimer's disease. LSD1 protein is also perturbed in human brain samples with Alzheimer's and FTD, suggesting it as a central player in these neurodegenerative diseases.
Ancient South Americans discovered how to manipulate wild rice, leading to the growth of bigger rice crops with larger grains. The research, led by Professor Jose Iriarte, sheds light on the importance of wetlands and tropical forests in providing food for early human settlers.
Estimates of early industrial emissions of black carbon are inexact due to limited sampling before the mid-1950s. Researchers found regional black carbon concentrations peaked during the first decade of the 20th century and were linked to coal consumption, with concentrations becoming decoupled after 1960.
After having a baby, men tend to relax and women do household chores on their days off. In contrast, when both partners work, they split tasks more evenly. The study suggests that couples should discuss how to share household duties before the baby is born.
Physicists at JILA have confirmed the leading results on electron roundness using a unique spinning molecule technique, measuring its symmetry to provide new insights into fundamental physics and potential fossils of ancient asymmetry. The method offers future potential for more sensitive searches and tests of natural constants.
The University of Texas at Arlington has received a five-year, $1.3 million grant to renew its Veterans Upward Bound program, which improves college readiness and degree completion for veterans. The program has served over 580 veterans since its inception in 2012.
Researchers have discovered that patients with non-freezing cold injury, also known as 'trench foot,' have a significant reduction in nerve fibers within the skin. This damage causes chronic pain experienced by these patients. Understanding the root cause of the condition may lead to new treatments and improved prevention strategies.
The sale of unapproved antibiotics in India is increasing at the fastest rate, driven by fixed-dose formulations and contributing to rising antimicrobial resistance. Researchers urge the Indian government to take effective action to stop the sales and implement regulations.
Researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt have identified key molecules involved in regulating brain plasticity and memory. GRIP1, ephrinB2, and ApoER2 are found to interact and regulate AMPA receptor insertion at the synapse, influencing learning and memory.
Researchers use imaging technology to study a simplified human gut microbiome, finding a mixed community where each cell is next to cells of different species. The host appears to mix and prevent large clusters of single-bacteria species from forming.
Researchers debunk previous claims of preserved dinosaur blood, showing degraded organics in fossils rather than actual cells. Experimental treatments demonstrate keratin degradation into foul-smelling fluid under simulated burial conditions.
A new genetic sequencing approach enables precise identification of drug-resistant TB, a major public health threat worldwide. The TGen-UCSF team used Single Molecule-Overlapping Reads technology to detect variants of TB, even in cases where older technologies found no mutations.
A University of Texas at Arlington bioengineering professor and her team will integrate a portable brain imaging system with an advanced signal-processing technique for newborns. This project aims to provide real-time analysis needed to treat encephalopathy or brain swelling more quickly, saving the lives of sick babies.
A new study of children from Sweden and Finland found that the swine flu vaccine Pandemrix did not increase the risk of developing autoantibodies against insulin-producing beta cells or type 1 diabetes. In fact, vaccinated children in Finland showed a reduced risk of developing autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes.
Many opioid dosage combinations have no prescribing restrictions under Medicare formulary, suggesting an opportunity to limit opioid prescribing. Restricting coverage for prescription drugs is one strategy to decrease opioid prescribing.
A new computer program called SCENIC enables researchers to quickly and accurately identify different cell types in the human body. The method helps understand how cell fate is regulated and could lead to the discovery of master regulators and potential drug targets.
Bacteria self-organize to form a golden shell around their colony using gold nanoparticles, creating a functional pressure sensor. The researchers controlled the size and shape of the device by altering the growth environment, demonstrating a proof-of-principle for fabricating structured materials.
Researchers have developed a carbon monoxide-iron-based therapy that can inhibit the effects of rattlesnake and other venomous snakebites for up to an hour in animals. The therapy blocks hemotoxic venom enzymes, preventing destruction of blood's ability to clot and reducing the risk of internal bleeding and organ damage.
University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers have discovered an ancient loosening of a biochemical pathway that led to the evolution of characteristic red pigment in beets. The discovery sheds new light on how plants can produce various compounds and has implications for beet breeding programs.
A new study reveals that women with breast cancer who received more aggressive treatments were more likely to experience disruptions in employment. Women who underwent bilateral mastectomy with reconstruction had nearly eight times the risk of missing over a month of work compared to those who underwent lumpectomy.
A Swedish registry study found that dementia patients with stroke can receive thrombolysis treatment without increased risk of brain haemorrhage or death. However, those over 80 may experience worse functional outcomes and be more likely to be discharged to nursing homes.
A national study led by Michigan State University researcher Sacha Klein found that participating in Head Start may help prevent young children from being placed in foster care. Kids up to age 5 in the program were 93% less likely to end up in foster care than those without early care and education.
Pyroptosis, an explosive form of cell death, contributes to the high mortality rate of bloodstream infections by triggering excessive tissue injury. Caspase-11 is identified as a key enzyme in this process, making it a promising target for development of new treatments.
A new study found that the proportion of US hospital nurses with bachelor's degrees increased from 44% in 2004 to 57% in 2013. Despite this growth, the goal of 80% of nurses having a bachelor's degree by 2020 is unlikely to be met, projected to reach 64% by 2020 and 80% by 2029.
Research reveals that female brains activate more strongly in response to prosocial behavior compared to male brains, which prioritize reward from selfish actions. Cultural conditioning plays a significant role in shaping these differences, as women are often rewarded for prosocial behavior, leading to stronger neural responses.
Despite progress in HIV treatment and prevention, a durable end to the pandemic may require an effective HIV vaccine. Existing tools such as antiretroviral therapy and pre-exposure prophylaxis can effectively prevent HIV transmission and manage the disease.
A new study suggests that younger primary school children are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than their older peers in the same school year due to a relative age effect. This means that adults, such as parents and teachers, may misattribute signs of immaturity as symptoms of ADHD.
A new statistical model uses hospital patient data to predict platelet transfusion needs, enabling optimal inventory management and reducing waste. The approach could save healthcare systems up to $80 million annually if adopted nationwide.
An international team has produced a catalogue and atlas of the world's reptiles, linking it with existing maps for birds, mammals, and amphibians. The new data reveals urgent conservation concerns, including drylands and deserts, where conservation action is vital.
A study found that Delaware's expansion of comprehensive background check policies to include private-party sales resulted in a 25% increase in handgun background checks and a 34% increase for long guns. In contrast, Washington and Colorado experienced no overall change in background checks despite enacting similar policies.
Researchers tested participants' hearing and speech abilities before and after extreme noise exposure to determine if it caused permanent damage. The study found temporary changes in some functional tests but no evidence of hidden hearing loss.
Researchers have identified changes in molecular signaling related to neural plasticity, inflammation and neurodegeneration triggered by the psychedelic substance 5-MeO-DMT. This study suggests that classic psychedelics may induce neuroplasticity and exert antidepressant effects.
Climate model simulations suggest that a significant decrease in atmospheric CO2 concentrations could have led to global glaciation. The study indicates that Earth's coal deposits formed during this period may have been the trigger for such an event.
Four factors were identified as significant in helping women ex-convicts avoid recidivism: good nutritional health, good spiritual health, having a high school education, and having been convicted of drug offenses. These factors resulted in reduced likelihoods of recidivism ranging from 40% to 70%.
Hao Wu, a Penn Medicine genetics researcher, has received a 2017 NIH New Innovator award to pursue high-risk research on epigenome editing. The grant will fund his study of how the epigenome of heart muscle cells respond and adapt to changing environmental oxygen levels.
A new Yale study finds that Medicare plans place few restrictions on the coverage of prescription opioids, despite federal guidelines recommending such restrictions. The researchers highlighted an untapped opportunity for Medicare formularies to limit opioid prescribing, citing a modest increase in opiate coverage between 2006 and 2015.
M344 altered key gene expression in a cellular model of AD, preventing cognitive decline and improving memory. In mouse models, low-dose administration of M344 prevented cognitive decline and improved learning and memory.
A mouse study shows that cannabidiol treatment effectively reduces the severity and duration of seizures and their frequency. The study also found improvements in social interactions and reduced autism-like symptoms in mice with Dravet syndrome.
A new study by Ohio State University finds that moderately farsighted preschoolers have poorer scores on attention-related tests. The research suggests that uncorrected vision problems in young children can lead to deficits in learning and literacy.
Researchers have identified a gene that may provide potential therapy for cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs), a condition characterized by enlarged and irregular blood vessels in the central nervous system. The study suggests using angiogenesis inhibitors, such as TSP1, to treat or prevent CCMs.
A new study will investigate the biological mechanisms triggered by exposure to air pollution during pregnancy, leading to lower birth weight in newborns. The research aims to understand how air pollution affects fetal growth and development.
Researchers from SingHealth, Duke-NUS Medical School, and NCCS have sequenced the complete genetic blueprint of durian, a tropical fruit known for its unique smell. The study reveals that durian has approximately 46,000 genes, nearly double those found in humans.
Compounded bioidentical hormone therapies are not FDA-approved, lack quality control, and have the same risks as FDA-approved hormone therapy products. Women often unknowingly choose these over FDA-approved options due to misconceptions about safety and efficacy.
Research at Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona suggests that green gentrification in cities may not equally benefit all residents, particularly socially disadvantaged neighbours. The process of recovering natural spaces tends to displace low-income populations, increasing chronic stress and negatively affecting their mental health.