PolyU has won several prizes at the International Exhibition of Inventions of Geneva, including the Grand Prize for its Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) Spectacle Lens for Myopia Control. The lens can slow down myopia progression in children by 60% and provides clear vision.
The University of Surrey has developed a new algorithm that can compress large amounts of data from bridge monitoring systems, reducing the storage requirements for authorities. The K-SVD method achieves near-lossless reconstruction with less than 0.1% data loss, compared to other methods which require up to 50% of the original data.
Research reveals huge variation in gluten-free food prescribing practice in England, with the most deprived areas having the lowest rates. The study found that factors such as clinical commissioning group policies and deprivation levels play a significant role in determining prescribing patterns.
Geneticists at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg deciphered a central signalling pathway that encodes and controls the synchronisation of multiple processes during germ cell development in C. elegans. This process involves RNA-binding proteins and a MAP kinase signalling pathway, optimising germ cell production.
The project, led by Pacific Northwest National Lab, aims to develop a new method for producing and harvesting seaweed for biofuels. The team plans to deploy a three-mile-long recycled carbon fiber cable adrift in the open ocean to cultivate macroalgae.
A Chapman University study reveals men are more likely to punish others to advance their interests. The research found that men will impose greater costs on others and destroy groups to rise in the hierarchy.
Naloxone has been shown to reduce brain inflammation and improve neurological function in rats after a stroke, with a potential new treatment avenue for stroke patients. Further study is warranted to investigate naloxone's effectiveness in humans.
Research suggests that bone cells can release signals driving prostate cancer progression and growth, especially when cancer metastasizes to bone. A study found that inhibiting BMP signaling in myeloid cells could restrict cancer cell production and tumor growth.
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals like DES can cause developmental effects in mouse seminal vesicles, affecting gene expression and DNA methylation. The study also reveals that estrogen receptor alpha plays a key role in mediating these effects.
Janardan K. Reddy, a world-renowned pathologist, has been awarded the ASIP Gold-Headed Cane Award for his significant research contributions to liver biology, particularly peroxisomes and carcinogenesis. He is also recognized for his exceptional teaching and mentoring skills.
The Technical University of Munich (TUM) has developed an adaptive algorithm called ALES+, which can accurately measure sea levels in both open and ice-covered ocean areas. This improvement enables researchers to track changes in sea level and ocean currents, crucial for understanding climate change.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have created a new disease model for neurodegenerative diseases like ALS and MS using the TGF-β protein. This model shows that monocytes can transform into microglia-like cells in response to TGF-β, which could lead to the development of new immunotherapies for these devastating diseases.
Michigan State University researchers discovered that having a blended mix of married and unmarried bandmates boosts creative success and innovation. Similarly, MBA students benefited from marital diversity, with its impact growing over time. This study highlights the benefits of lifestyle diversity in various groups.
A NYU Dentistry study found that a comprehensive cavity prevention program with primary and secondary prevention strategies significantly lowers the rate of new and untreated cavities compared to traditional molar sealant programs. Both school-based programs reduced the risk of untreated decay over time.
Researchers at the University of Basel have developed a method to generate stable cartilage tissue from adult human mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting specific signaling pathways. This breakthrough has significant implications for the treatment of joint diseases and injuries.
The British Journal of Pharmacology has published updated guidance for authors on designing experiments, analyzing data, and presenting results. The editorials aim to improve reproducibility and transparency in preclinical research by providing approaches to data presentation and checklists for immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry.
Researchers have discovered a way to create superconducting materials that carry 'spin' currents, improving efficiency in high-performance computing. By aligning electron spins, they can generate pure spin supercurrents, which could use significantly less energy than current silicon-based electronics.
A new study found the Epstein-Barr virus is linked to seven serious diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), and type 1 diabetes. The virus affects nearly 8 million people in the US, highlighting a common cause of chronic illness.
The anthology explores dementia-associated apathy research, neural system effects on late-life depression, and adopting new models of care. It also proposes solutions to accelerate change in science, practice, training, and public policy.
A multicenter database study of adults undergoing spinal deformity surgery found that daily opioid users had longer ICU stays and more severe postop disability compared to non-opioid users. The study highlights the need for preoperative counseling and alternative pain management strategies for patients at risk of daily narcotic use.
A study found that tumors may overcome immunotherapy by increasing TIM3 and regulatory T cells, which inactivate immune killer T cells. Adding a TIM3 inhibitor to radiotherapy/immunotherapy increased response duration, but tumors still relapsed. Researchers also discovered that Tregs contribute to cancer regrowth.
Researchers at Indiana University have discovered a new and potentially toxic flame retardant, TTBP-TAX, in the environment. The chemical was found in dust and air samples from an electronic waste facility and 70% of household dust samples collected from homes in Bloomington, Indiana.
A systematic review of 49 randomized trials involving 23,098 participants found that various self-regulation interventions were effective in promoting emotional control, social skills, and learning. The review suggests that these programs can help maintain health and well-being throughout life.
Researchers found that combining anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 immunotherapies enhances response rates and generates more memory T cells, leading to better tumor control. This combination may help prevent relapse in patients with therapies targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 checkpoints.
A study by Sina Esteky found that people at higher elevations are more willing to take financial risks and engage in sensory risks. This effect is subconscious and disappears when participants are informed or unable to see their floor level.
Research found that having an evening preference is linked to a higher BMI among people with Type 2 diabetes. Participants with late breakfast times had a BMI of 28.4 kg/m^2, compared to those who ate earlier, who had a lower BMI by 0.37 kg/m^2.
A recent study found that women are consistently less intensively treated with high-intensity statins after a heart attack, even when prescribed, and across various patient characteristics. This underutilization can lead to preventable vascular events, emphasizing the need for clinicians to communicate the benefits of these medications.
A new study from Stockholm University shows that prescribed burning in southern Ethiopia's tree heather heathlands maintains biodiversity and habitats for alpine plant species. The practice, which has been used for at least 2000 years, is recommended to be maintained but regulated to protect local ecosystems and societies.
A Portland State University research team published an interactive diagram and web-based presentation in Frontiers in Neurology, revealing the complex nature of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). The causal-loop diagram shows how specific variables interact to influence concussion recovery.
Researchers at Lund University discovered a new approach to treat severe epilepsy by targeting a specific brain area, reducing seizure activity. This breakthrough method, using chemogenetics, may pave the way for improved treatment options for thousands of people in Sweden affected by the disease.
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen have identified a new protein shield called Shieldin that helps repair damaged DNA and affects resistance to PARP inhibitor drugs used for breast cancer treatment. This discovery may contribute to making decisions for treating cancer patients and understanding mechanisms of resistance.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have developed man-made aptamers that target prostate cancer cells, killing them while leaving healthy tissue unscathed. The findings suggest that these molecules could form the basis of new cancer therapies if further studies bear out.
Researchers used single-cell imaging to study how melanoma cells evade drug action and acquire resistance to BRAF-inhibitor dabrafenib. The study found that 10% of treated cells reactivated the MAPK signaling pathway within 2-3 days, allowing them to signal through the pathway even in the presence of BRAF inhibition.
Researchers found that organs from overdose deaths have noninferior outcomes to those from trauma or natural death, but may carry higher risks of HIV and hepatitis transmission. Optimizing their use could help address the organ shortage, but caution is needed due to small potential risks.
A novel computational method reveals that EBV protein EBNA2 activates human genes associated with increased risk for autoimmunity, including systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis. Researchers propose potential therapies to interrupt this process.
Scientists at the University of Waterloo have developed a vaginal implant that decreases the number of cells targeted by the HIV virus, taking advantage of natural immunity. The implant, containing hydroxychloroquine, was tested in an animal model and showed significant reduction in T cell activation.
Two genetically modified broadly neutralizing antibodies protected rhesus macaques from an HIV-like virus, SHIV, with long-term protection of up to 37 weeks. The study demonstrated that genetic mutations increased durability and led to extended protection.
Researchers at Stockholm University have discovered a moss that can rapidly remove arsenic from contaminated water, making it safe for human consumption. The aquatic moss Warnstofia fluitans can absorb up to 80% of arsenic in just one hour.
A new study by The George Institute for Global Health found that women in the US are less likely to receive high-intensity statins after a heart attack, despite guidelines recommending them. The study of over 88,000 adults suggests that adherence to these guidelines may be needed to prevent deaths from heart disease and stroke.
The new guidelines would classify an extra 31 million Americans as having hypertension, but experts say this could lead to increased anxiety and depression, as well as serious treatment side effects. Doctors should only treat patients with high cardiovascular disease risk using reliable calculators.
A Johns Hopkins Medicine analysis shows that trauma patients are four times more likely to die from gunshot wounds and nearly nine times more likely to die from stab wounds before getting to a trauma center. The increased prehospital mortality suggests that violence is intensifying.
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia have identified a brain pathway that, when stimulated, leads to 'antidepressive' behavior in animals. The study suggests that targeting this circuit could lead to a novel treatment for depression.
Michigan State University research reveals that millennials are driving a shift towards customized, experiential supply chains where customers have more control over the product. This change requires companies to deliver tailored offerings and prioritize greater visibility and social responsibility.
In a breakthrough study, NIH scientists identified distinct immune cell subsets that work together to repair the damaged meninges and blood vessels in mice. The research provides new insights into the recovery process after concussion and may lead to the development of targeted therapies to improve patient outcomes.
KTU has won EUR 2.4 million Horizon 2020 funding to attract top academics, boosting innovation economy and strengthening its competitiveness in the European Research Area. The project focuses on Industry 4.0's impact on management practices and economics.
Smoking has been linked to an increased risk of developing heart failure in African Americans, with hospitalizations for heart failure nearly three times more likely among current smokers. The study found that smoking a pack or more per day for 15 years was associated with twice the risk of heart failure compared to non-smokers.
Researchers discover urethane, a compound formed during beer and wine fermentation, is more effective at combating seizures caused by organophosphate nerve agents than the current recommended treatment. The study suggests urethane or its derivative may prevent seizures from developing into epilepsy.
A new study reveals that the origins of dinosaurs were triggered by a crisis mass extinction event 232 million years ago. The Carnian Pluvial Episode led to repeated extinctions and a surge in global warming, acid rain, and climate perturbations.
Researchers found that combining two approaches to reduce amyloid-beta improved spatial navigation and memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests similar combination treatments may help patients with Alzheimer's disease in the future.
Researchers at Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown uncover exquisitely organized map of visual space in feedback connections, providing insights into visual perception. The study reveals that these connections encode information from further locations in visual space, giving lower structures contextual 'whole picture' information.
A new study found that higher levels of education during childhood significantly decrease the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in older African Americans. This association is particularly strong for those who grew up in low-income rural areas.
Engineers at UC Berkeley developed a thin-film system that can convert low-quality waste heat into electricity, achieving unprecedented energy density and power density. The technology has potential applications in various industries, including electronics and manufacturing.
A randomized clinical trial found that smartphone app use improved self-reported medication adherence, but not systolic blood pressure, among participants with poorly controlled high blood pressure. The study used the Medisafe app and lasted 12 weeks.
Researchers isolated striosome neuron activity using optical neural imaging technology to shed light on their role in reinforcement learning. The study found that striosomal neurons fire more actively in response to odor cues associated with water rewards, indicating they are involved in anticipating the outcome of a stimulus.
A new method developed by researchers at USC Viterbi School of Engineering uses machine learning to measure key risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and arterial stiffness using just a smartphone. The method was validated with existing tonometry data and showed high correlation with actual tonometry measurements.
Emory University's Yerkes National Primate Research Center has received a five-year, $12.7 million NIMH grant to continue research on oxytocin, a brain chemical involved in social bonding. The goal is to understand its role in neural communication and social functioning.
Researchers found that pure conifer stands, particularly pine-dominated areas, were more susceptible to southern pine beetle infestations. The study's findings have important implications for forest management, suggesting that preventative treatments like thinning can be effective in newly-occupied northern ranges.
The U.S. Army Research Laboratory has developed an artificial intelligence technique that produces a visible face image from thermal images captured in low-light conditions. The technology leverages advanced domain adaptation techniques to enhance discriminability and recognition accuracy.
A recent study found that stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) can improve overall survival and reduce cognitive side-effects in patients with brain metastases from small-cell lung cancer. The study compared outcomes of 5,752 patients who received whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) to those of 200 patients who received SRS.
A USC study found that individuals with a college education have a lower risk of developing dementia and living with it for longer periods. The research suggests that targeting chronic diseases like hypertension and diabetes may delay dementia onset but ultimately increase the number of people living with dementia at older ages.
Researchers found that species' phenology shifted four days earlier per decade after 1981, with increased synchrony between species pairs from 0.97 to 6.1 days per decade. However, the magnitude of shifts and correlations with temperature changes remain uncertain due to short time series and variations among species.
The Critical Path Institute has received a $10 million grant from the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust to identify unmet needs for biomarker development in Crohn's disease. The pre-consortium will focus on laying the groundwork for future regulatory endorsement and accelerate the development of new treatments.
A study identifies genetic variants related to consonant processing, dyslexia, and reading performance. Variations in the READ1 sequence are tied to modern human-specific changes acquired between 4 million and 550,000 years ago.
Researchers detect Bloch-Siegert shift in strongly coupled light and matter, a phenomenon previously speculated but never observed. The discovery could lead to a greater understanding of theoretical predictions in quantum phase transitions and the development of robust quantum bits for advanced computing.
Plants may have exerted greater influence on terrestrial ecosystems than megaherbivores that once roamed landscapes. Shrubs consistently predicted ecosystem change, with increasing shrub biomass reducing nitrogen availability and promoting tree growth.
A new BJS study found axillary ultrasound imaging to be less sensitive for detecting axillary metastatic lymph nodes in women with invasive lobular carcinoma compared to invasive ductal carcinoma. Women with invasive lobular carcinoma may benefit from axillary biopsies regardless of ultrasonographic appearance.
A team of UCSB physicists has created a device named DARKNESS, the first 10,000-pixel integral field spectrograph designed to overcome the limitations of traditional semiconductor detectors. This instrument enables direct imaging of planets around nearby stars and can detect fainter planets with higher contrast ratios.
A new study finds nearly one in four blood bank supplies contain malaria parasites, putting children and pregnant women at risk. The lack of sensitive diagnostic technology exacerbates the issue, highlighting the need for better vigilance and screening practices to keep blood banks safe.
Aalto University researchers have successfully created a new Bose-Einstein condensate that doesn't require cooling to near absolute zero. The condensate is made up of light and electrons in motion in gold nanorods, allowing for faster information processing and potentially enabling the creation of extremely small and fast light sources.
Researchers at UCLA have discovered Majorana particles, which are critical building blocks for quantum computers due to their resistance to external interference. The discovery could lead to the development of robust topological quantum computing and potentially improve situational awareness for the US Army.
A large cohort study found that nearly all mental health diagnoses were more common for transgender and gender-nonconforming youth than for cisgender youth, with depression and ADHD prevalence rates 4-7 times higher. The study aimed to raise awareness about the pressure young people may feel due to gender dysphoria and prejudice.
Researchers have determined the high-resolution structure of R2TP, a complex involved in key processes for cell survival. The study reveals that R2TP forms complexes with mTOR and other related kinases by interacting with HSP90.
Policies such as ecological restoration and improved crop residue management have contributed to increased carbon sequestration in China. China's distribution and magnitude of carbon pools vary in response to climate change and human activities.
The transfer of stroke patients out of smaller community hospitals has increased significantly since 2006, with national rates doubling between 2006 and 2014. This trend highlights the need for better coordination between hospitals to determine which patients require transfer to specialized centers.
Research reveals job seekers focus on forming new ties for career advancement, rather than relying on former colleagues. Meanwhile, those considering quitting still value maintaining relationships with friends at work due to concerns about losing social connections upon leaving.
A study found that individuals with higher cognitive flexibility were more likely to support EU membership, immigration, and free movement of labour. In contrast, those with lower cognitive flexibility displayed more conservative and nationalistic attitudes, predicting support for Brexit.
A new study by Wolfgang Lutz and Endale Kebede found that higher levels of education are associated with longer life expectancy, even after adjusting for income. This challenges the traditional view that rising income is the key to a healthier and longer life.
Researchers discovered that larger, more visible SOD1 protein aggregates are protective rather than harmful to neurons. The study suggests that these fibrils could be a solution to reduce toxicity in SOD1-ALS, and finding drugs to promote their formation may help mitigate the disease.
Researchers at UofT discovered that relative and absolute time estimates contradict each other when considering unknown future events. Abstract vs concrete thinking influences which direction these estimates flow, with abstract thinkers feeling a sooner event, but longer time estimate.
A new mechanism regulating axon pathfinding has been identified in zebrafish embryos, suggesting that neuronal activity can influence brain connectivity. The research found that optogenetic stimulation of an inhibited N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor was necessary for axons to properly cross the midline.
Researchers have identified three aldehydes in the skin of infected children that attract mosquitoes, which could lead to better malaria detection and control. The study's findings provide insight into the parasite's infection route and offer opportunities for developing new biomarkers and insect traps.
A preclinical study by MD Anderson Cancer Center researchers found that precancerous colon polyps in patients with Lynch syndrome display immune system activation, challenging traditional models of cancer immune activation. The study suggests immunotherapy may be useful for colorectal cancer prevention in certain high-risk groups.
Artificial antimicrobial peptides, developed by researchers using a computer algorithm, have shown promise in combating drug-resistant bacteria. The most promising candidate, guavanin 2, has been found to be more potent than naturally occurring peptides and effective against Gram-negative bacteria.
Researchers from SU2C and Cancer Research Institute found that administering immunotherapy before surgery activates T-cells to hunt and destroy distant cancerous cells, preventing relapse. The approach showed encouraging outcomes in 45% of patients, with few evidence of cancer remaining upon follow-up.
Researchers at KAIST have developed a technology to increase the stability of amine-containing adsorbents by fifty times. This advancement brings solid carbon dioxide adsorbents closer to commercialization and paves the way for efficient capture of greenhouse gases.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have discovered that a layer of vertical graphene flakes can form a protective surface that kills bacteria, preventing infections and eliminating the need for antibiotic treatment. The graphene flakes are sharp enough to slice apart bacteria without harming human cells.
Scientists developed a high-speed microscopy platform that can measure tumor sensitivity to drugs in hours, rather than days, and has shown promising results in treating melanoma
The American Association of Anatomists has awarded its Young Investigator Awards to Bhart-Anjan Bhullar, Elçin Ünal, Maksim Plikus, and Helen Bateup for their groundbreaking contributions to cell biology, neuroanatomy, and developmental biology. These young scientists have made significant advancements in understanding the structural f...
Researchers found an association between certain risk-related terms on Google Trends and subsequent syphilis trends reported to the CDC. The Twitter-based model predicted state-level trends in syphilis with 90% accuracy, allowing for early warning systems to be developed.
Research published in the journal Heart found that eating several servings of nuts per week may lower the risk of atrial fibrillation and heart failure. The study, which tracked over 61,000 Swedish adults for 17 years, found a strong association between nut consumption and reduced risk of these cardiovascular conditions.
Researchers found a significant link between pancreatitis in minority populations and severe levels of triglycerides, as well as gallstones and excessive alcohol intake. The study's findings may help physicians assess the risk of pancreatitis and develop early detection strategies.
A large Danish study found that individuals with clinically-diagnosed diabetes were identified 2.2 years later than those in the screening group, resulting in lower healthcare costs. The study suggests that early detection and treatment of type 2 diabetes could lead to significant cost savings.
Researchers at the University of Maryland have created a water-based zinc battery with high energy density, rechargeability, and intrinsic safety. The new technology combines old battery chemistry with a novel aqueous electrolyte, overcoming limitations of conventional lithium-ion batteries.
Researchers developed a new surgical technique for recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN), improving outcomes and helping horses breathe easier. The toggle technique provides a stronger anchor point on the paralyzed cartilage, giving afflicted horses a higher quality of life.
The Stand Up To Cancer-St. Baldrick's Pediatric Cancer Dream Team will continue to develop new immunotherapy approaches for high-risk childhood cancers. The team has made significant contributions to the approval of CAR T-cell therapy and has identified ways to mitigate its side effects.
Researchers are rethinking microbial ecology, arguing that niche is more important than names. Microbes have many ways to get energy, and co-exist in redundant systems. The study's findings have major implications for interpreting changes in microbial communities, predicting health, and understanding environmental perturbations.
A Montreal bike path network expansion has left children without equal access despite increased growth between 1991 and 2016. Researchers warn that targeting cycling infrastructure for children is crucial for understanding the benefits of bicycling once they become adults.
Researchers have developed a method to rapidly transition strongly correlated materials from insulators to conductors using tailored laser pulses. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of next-generation electronics that are faster and more energy efficient.
A study by Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University researchers found that general aviation pilots had difficulty understanding various types of weather information, including METAR reports and radar displays. The findings suggest that improved pilot training and more effective weather display designs could help advance aviation safety.
The University of Tennessee, Knoxville's Haslam College of Business received the 2018 UPS George D. Smith Prize for its innovative analytics master's program, which combines cutting-edge analytics with business strategy and soft skills.
A new study by the University of Colorado Boulder found that post-surgical opioids can lead to chronic pain in rats for more than three weeks. The researchers discovered that opioids stimulate specialized immune cells in the spinal cord, making them more reactive to pain, and that gradual tapering has no effect on the prolonged pain.
The FraudBuster approach uses proactive risk prediction at the underwriting stage to identify unprofitable drivers who are likely fraudulent risks. This novel method can help insurers reduce fraud in high-risk markets, such as the automobile insurance market.
Ear infections, especially in children, can cause severe complications such as meningitis, brain abscesses, and facial paralysis. Modern antibiotic treatments have significantly reduced mortality rates from these conditions, but it is essential to remain vigilant about potential neurologic complications.
University of Bath scientists have identified a non-coding RNA, Paupar, that influences healthy brain development in young mice. The study shows how Paupar acts as a switch to regulate proteins involved in neurodevelopment.
Researchers face difficulties in creating nanomaterials that can interact with biomembranes and achieve desired biological functions due to structural complexities in nature. The team emphasizes the need for a common language among theoretical concepts, membrane models, and cell experiments to improve predictability.
A new study found that faster mice run, the faster they learn. Researchers used mutant mice with reduced running speed to demonstrate the causal link between running speed and enhanced learning. They also showed that once learned, performance still depended on running speed.
A team of scientists discovered 124 genes involved in determining human hair color variation, explaining a substantial fraction of hair color variation and heritability. The new findings have implications for conditions linked to pigmentation, such as skin, testicular, prostate, and ovarian cancers.
Researchers found that logging in Solomon Islands' tropical forests can lead to unsustainable soil erosion and significant impacts on downstream water quality. The study highlights the need for tighter regulations and local buy-in for forest management to protect biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Research found that infected children produce distinctive chemical fingerprints in their skin odors, making them more attractive to malaria mosquitoes. The study identified key volatile chemicals, including aldehydes, which are detected by mosquitoes and increase attractiveness.
The study found that sensory experiences impact the production of new brain cells and brain growth in zebrafish larvae. Researchers suggest that simulated physical movement could be used to combat abnormal neurogenesis and improve learning and cognition.
Researchers at the University of Leicester have found that antimicrobial therapy can prevent sepsis and life-threatening disease in people suffering from pneumonia. By targeting specific immune cells, this treatment can abort the phase of intracellular replication that protects bacteria from antibiotics.
Researchers developed ultraflexible OPVs with increased PCE and thermal stability, achieving 80% of initial PCE at over 500 hours of continuous thermal stress. The devices exhibit improved thermal stability compared to current OPVs, enabling optimal performance for wearable sensors and electronic devices.
Researchers discovered a new molecule that blocks brain repair after injury, halting myelination and causing dramatic disruption to brain function. The molecule prevents the development of brain cells needed for repair, but FoxO3 may serve as a biomarker for its effects.
A study published in Circulation found that patients with acute thrombosis in the leg are at a three-fold higher risk of developing cancer during the first six months after the blood clot. The risk is highest for smoking-related forms of cancer, such as lung and pancreatic cancer.
A study reveals that malaria infection increases human attractiveness to mosquitoes, particularly due to skin chemistry changes such as elevated levels of heptanal and nonanal. This finding could illuminate aspects of malaria transmission and lead to the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers.
Peatland initiation coincided with warming and increased precipitation, forming globally important carbon sinks. The study's findings have implications for future changes in peatland distribution.
The Macropis Cuckoo Bee, one of North America's rarest bees, has its known range greatly expanded after a new record was found in Alberta, Canada. Scientists have discussed the conservation status of this species and emphasized the importance of monitoring for populations to ensure its survival.
A new study found that a nasal spray formulation of ketamine significantly improves depression scores and decreases suicidal ideation within four hours. However, the effects were not sustained at 25 days. The researchers call for additional research on the potential for abuse and the need for effective controls.
A randomized clinical trial found that a program combining education and exercise training reduced pain and improved thoughts of pain compared to usual care. The treatment targets fear of movement and pain catastrophizing, common problems with chronic spinal pain.
The FCC's innovative two-sided Incentive Auction successfully repurposed TV spectrum to create a revolutionary approach to wireless communication. The auction raised nearly $20 billion and contributed over $7 billion to reduce the federal deficit, while also saving an estimated $200 million in relocation costs for TV stations.
Ridesharing companies' limits on driving time are considered insufficient by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, as drivers often work multiple jobs or drive late at night. The organization is calling for a collaborative effort to address fatigue and sleepiness in the industry.
Using computer modeling, University of Oregon scientists have unveiled a thick crustal transition zone that may control the movement of magma emerging from the Earth's mantle. This discovery provides a new explanation for the geology underlying recent seismic imaging of magma bodies below Yellowstone National Park.
Researchers at Osaka University have found that the double deletion of tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 in mice causes progressive aging and shortened lifespan. The study reveals that CD9/CD81 DKO mice develop an accelerated aging syndrome, with symptoms including emphysema, osteoporosis, and skin and muscle atrophy.
The discovery of 51 Pegasi b marked a significant milestone in the search for exoplanets, with Michel Mayor and his colleague Queloz credited with the groundbreaking find. The development of better telescopes enabled this achievement, contributing to a new community of researchers exploring this field.
A study on US newspaper articles about ocean health issues found that journalists use more than twice as much optimistic language as 'doom and gloom' language. Nearly half of the examined stories cited potential solutions to problems described in the sample's articles.
Research at the University of Warwick has found that children and adolescents who regularly sleep less than others of the same age gain more weight when they grow older and are more likely to become overweight or obese. The study suggests that getting enough sleep is equally important as healthy eating and exercise in preventing obesity.
The study found that the magnetic field orientation of magnetosomes is slightly tilted, deviating from the chain direction. This tilt may explain the helical shape of magnetosome chains, a crucial aspect of magnetotactic bacteria's internal compass construction.
A 1.5-foot-long fossil slab, misidentified twice, has been reinterpreted as a large cartilaginous fish with characteristics similar to sharks and rays. The study suggests the fish lived between 70-85 million years ago and expands the diversity of the Niobrara fauna.
Researchers Adam Frank and Gavin Schmidt propose a new definition of civilization based on its energy use, exploring the potential for detection in the geological record. They discuss various signs left behind by industrial activities, such as fossil fuel emissions and global warming, to determine if human beings existed.
A recent study has pinpointed nearly 80 genes that may contribute to depression, providing new insights into the causes of mental ill-health. The research, published in Nature Communications, analyzed genetic data from over half a million people and found links to synapse function.
Scientists at the University of Portsmouth and NREL have engineered an enzyme that can break down polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics, a major contributor to ocean pollution. The discovery could lead to a recycling solution for millions of tons of plastic waste.
A Sandia study found that shared fates and experiences in a community can help it withstand changes to water availability due to climate change. The social fabric of the community, or sense of cohesion, is a crucial factor contributing to its resilience.
A single foodborne outbreak could cost a restaurant millions of dollars in lost revenue, fines, lawsuits, legal fees, insurance premium increases, inspection costs and staff retraining. Foodborne illness outbreaks can have large, reverberating consequences regardless of the size of the restaurant.
The Large Antenna Positioning System (LAPS) has been developed by NIST to measure transmissions to and from antennas on fast-moving mobile devices, requiring coordination between communication signals and robot motion. The system will help foster the development of 5G wireless and spectrum-sharing systems.
Researchers at ETH Zurich found that ionization delays in molecules can significantly depend on the kinetic energy of both the photoelectron and the nuclei. This study extends the concept of ionization delays introduced for atomic systems, showing that variations can be as large as those with electronic kinetic energy.
Dr. Christian Marín-Muller developed a microRNA treatment for pancreatic cancer and founded Speratum CR, a biotech company with the goal of creating effective therapies. The company has successfully completed preclinical studies and is planning to initiate its first human trial.
The US government has renewed funding for UC San Diego's Center for AIDS Research, supporting continued studies of HIV/AIDS. The five-year, $15 million grant will focus on finding a cure for HIV in those already infected and preventing transmission to uninfected individuals.
A new study published in Risk Analysis: An International Journal reveals that individuals' past tornado experiences significantly impact their perception of future tornado risks. The research found that memorable past experiences shape people's fear, dread, worry, and depression, while multiple experiences influence their belief that t...
A study found that listening to music after taking anti-hypertensive medication improves heart rate variability and reduces blood pressure. The effects were observed for about an hour after medication administration, with classical music shown to activate the parasympathetic nervous system.
Researchers found that higher local summer temperatures drove peatland formation in formerly glaciated regions, not increased rainfall. Peatlands store vast quantities of carbon and are sensitive to climate change.
A substudy of the PRECISION trial found that adding aspirin to celecoxib reduced its cardiovascular safety advantage, while maintaining fewer GI problems and kidney issues compared to ibuprofen. Celecoxib remained associated with better overall outcomes in patients taking aspirin.
Norma Olvera, a UH health education professor, has received $297,385 from the USDA to train the next generation of Hispanic obesity educators. The three-year project will recruit 36 students from three Hispanic-serving institutions and provide them with career development training in community nutrition and public health.
Early life stress may affect mental health through epigenetic changes in both stress-related and sensory networks. This new hypothesis proposes that glucocorticoids prime the epigenetic machinery while neural activation coordinates programming mechanisms.
Researchers at Stanford Medicine have developed a CAR-T therapy that eradicates diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) tumors in mice, leaving few residual cancer cells. The treatment targets the GD2 sugar molecule on DIPG tumors and has shown promising results, but side effects such as brain swelling must be carefully managed.
A new drug treatment has shown major tumor responses in early stage lung cancer patients before surgery, resulting in fewer relapses. The study found that providing the anti-PD-1 drug nivolumab before surgery increased anti-tumor T-cells that remained after the tumor was removed.
A new Northwestern Medicine study shows that screenings for diabetes and prediabetes could be improved by expanding the screening criteria to include additional risk factors. This would lead to the identification of most cases of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, with only 23% of patients being missed.
Scientists at Osaka University identified RELCH as a crucial protein facilitating non-vesicular transport of cholesterol within cells. This discovery may lead to better understanding and treatment of cholesterol-related disorders.
Researchers analyzed ancient tools, ornaments, and human remains to find that early Homo sapiens adapted to climate change by staying interconnected. The study found that a vast social network helped these ancestors survive a volcanic eruption 40,000 years ago and potentially inform our response to modern global warming.
Researchers found that Finsta is used to bond with friends and escape reality, contrary to popular belief. Users post inappropriate content on Finsta to make their friends laugh and archive memories together.
A new study suggests that warmer temperatures will speed up the transition from field to forest in the eastern US, leading to increased carbon sequestration. This could result in more rapidly growing forests replacing weeds and grasses, but also raises concerns about the impact of droughts on tree growth.
Researchers at UNIGE and MBI successfully place an electron in a dual state, neither free nor bound, and regulate its electronic structure. They also discover that high-intensity lasers can amplify light, enabling new possibilities for intense laser propagation in gases.
The UTSA Open Cloud Institute is supporting collaborative R&D partnerships and creating educational opportunities through a $200,000 grant program. The institute is also launching a graduate-level certificate program in cloud computing to incorporate cloud expertise into engineering, computer science, and cybersecurity degrees.
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine advises against using medical marijuana to treat sleep apnea due to unreliable delivery methods and insufficient evidence on its effectiveness and safety. Effective treatments like CPAP therapy are available from licensed medical providers.
Dr. Charles N. Serhan received the ASIP 2018 Rous-Whipple Award for his work on molecular and cellular basis of inflammation and its resolution, recognizing his discovery of endogenous anti-inflammatory mediators that activate anti-microbial defense mechanisms.
A new emphasis on preparing for conception is needed to improve health in future generations. Research suggests that parental diet and lifestyle before conception can influence the risk of future chronic disease in children.
Combination therapy of pembrolizumab and chemotherapy significantly improves overall survival and reduces progression risk in patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer. The study found a 51% reduced risk of death compared to chemotherapy alone.
A Kaiser Permanente study of over 15,000 girls and their mothers found that maternal overweight and hyperglycemia are associated with earlier onset of puberty. The study suggests that the in utero environment may affect pubertal development, increasing the risk of adverse health outcomes.
The American Association of Anatomists presented its 2018 Award Recipients to recognize outstanding achievements in human anatomy education, scientific research, and leadership. The recipients included Valerie D. O'Loughlin, Kurt Albertine, Jeffrey Laitman, and Jason Organ for their contributions to the field.
BNSF Railway has been awarded the 2018 INFORMS Prize for their pioneering integration of operations research and analytics programs. The O.R. program has driven better decision-making in various aspects of the company's rail network, resulting in annual savings of over $110 million.
Scientists have developed a new method to create more sophisticated brain-like organoid models by transplanting them into rodents, enabling longer survival and increased complexity. This breakthrough could lead to better therapies for neurological disorders, as well as the potential for human cell transplantation in the brain.