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Science News for April 17, 2018


Siblings' experiences in middle childhood predict differences in college graduation status

A longitudinal study found that siblings' experiences in middle childhood, including warmth, father-child interaction, and perceptions of fairness, predicted differences in their college graduation status. The study highlights the importance of parents' involvement and treatment in shaping their children's educational outcomes.

SourceSociety for Research in Child Development·JournalChild Development·DateApr 17, 2018

Can we tell black holes apart?

Astronomers used computer simulations to create images of accreting supermassive black holes in different gravity theories. They found that even highly non-Einsteinian black holes could mimic the appearance of standard black holes, highlighting the need for new techniques to distinguish them.

SourceGoethe University Frankfurt·JournalNature Astronomy·DateApr 17, 2018

Kids hit hard by junk food advertising: New research

A new study found that children are exposed to over 800 junk food ads per year, with unhealthy food ads being 2.3 times more frequent than healthy food ads during peak viewing times. The research, led by the University of Adelaide, used a bespoke TV monitoring system to capture an entire year's worth of television and ads.

SourceUniversity of Adelaide·JournalJournal of Paediatrics and Child Health·DateApr 17, 2018

The 'bread basket' of the tropics? Study explores tropical grain production

In Mato Grosso, Brazil, researchers found that large-scale farms produce high yields of soybean and maize using succession farming, also known as safrinha. The study shows that while technology adoption rates are low, successive cropping systems improve productivity without relying on high-tech solutions.

SourceUniversity of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences·JournalInternational Journal of Agricultural Management·DateApr 17, 2018

Student teams compete to create equity portfolios with analytics and operations research

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem team won the second annual O.R. & Analytics Student Team Competition by successfully applying analytics and operations research to create a high-performing equity portfolio. The competition challenges students to develop solutions to real-world problems, providing valuable experience that sets them ap...

Marine fish won an evolutionary lottery 66 million years ago, UCLA biologists report

A UCLA-led team of biologists reports that a six-mile-wide asteroid crash 66 million years ago created an enormous evolutionary void for marine fish to diversify. Today's rich biodiversity among marine fish shows the fingerprints of this mass extinction, with six major acanthomorph groups producing almost all marine fish diversity.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles·JournalNature Ecology & Evolution·DateApr 17, 2018

Honeybees are struggling to get enough good bacteria

A new study suggests that human changes to the landscape, such as monoculture farming and forestry, are affecting honeybees' long-term food supply. The diversity of bacteria associated with bee bread, a crucial food source for young bees, is lower in hives near agriculturally improved grasslands and coniferous forests.

SourceLancaster University·JournalEcology and Evolution·DateApr 17, 2018

Study finds high rates of type 1 diabetes near food swamps

A study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of the Endocrine Society finds higher rates of type 1 diabetes in areas with a high proportion of fast food restaurants and convenience stores. The research suggests that an adverse food environment may contribute to the development of type 1 diabetes, particularly among adults.

SourceThe Endocrine Society·JournalJournal of the Endocrine Society·DateApr 17, 2018

High-quality nursing homes lower risks for long-term care placement for older adults

A study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society found that older adults in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) with higher quality ratings had significantly lower risks for placement in long-term care facilities. The researchers used data from over 500,000 people aged 65 and older to examine the role of SNF quality in...

SourceAmerican Geriatrics Society·JournalJournal of the American Geriatrics Society·DateApr 17, 2018

OncoDNA announces publication of peer-reviewed study in Oncotarget assessing the utility of its unique biomarker analysis and interpretation platform in clinical decision making

A peer-reviewed study published in Oncotarget found that OncoDNA's comprehensive testing and analysis services, combining multiple biomarkers, increased oncologists' ability to make informed treatment decisions. The study showed a significant improvement in overall survival for late-stage patients, from six months to over 12 months.

SourceImpact Journals LLC·JournalOncotarget·DateApr 17, 2018

Bugged out by climate change

Research tracked changes in Arctic arthropod populations in response to warming temperatures, finding more plant-eating and parasitic insects, and fewer detritivores. The study suggests that water availability will play a key role in determining which bug species can thrive in a warming Arctic.

SourceWashington University in St. Louis·JournalRoyal Society Open Science·DateApr 17, 2018

New type of opal formed by common seaweed discovered

Researchers at the University of Bristol have discovered a novel type of opal formed by brown algae, exhibiting iridescence due to self-assembled oil droplet nanostructures. The seaweed's chloroplasts-containing cells can switch on and off this dynamic self-assembly, creating changing opals that react to sunlight.

SourceUniversity of Bristol·JournalScience Advances·DateApr 17, 2018

Biophysics: Making patterns robust

Researchers have developed a model that explains how biological patterns can form and maintain stability even when protein concentrations are altered. The Min system, used to study cell division, has been found to use a conformational switch in the MinE protein to achieve robustness.

SourceLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateApr 17, 2018

New findings to help in the fight against wombat mange

Scientists have discovered that sarcoptic mange causes significant loss of body heat and increased metabolic rate in Tasmanian wombats, leading to reduced foraging and increased mortality. The research suggests that dietary supplementation may help address these issues, offering new hope for the management of wombat mange.

SourceUniversity of Tasmania·JournalRoyal Society Open Science·DateApr 17, 2018

Calculus III for cells

Researchers investigated how cells respond to cylindrical surfaces and a sphere-with-skirt geometry, finding that cells change their shapes and internal structures. Cells on stiff surfaces form stress fibers, which are influenced by surface curvature, enabling new tools in biology.

SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania·JournalBiophysical Journal·DateApr 17, 2018

Researchers find resilience counteracts effects of childhood abuse and neglect on health

A study published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry found that individuals with schizophrenia who experienced childhood trauma had improved health outcomes when they possessed high levels of psychological resilience. The research team evaluated data from 114 participants with schizophrenia and 101 non-psychiatric comparison subjects.

SourceUniversity of California - San Diego·JournalJournal of Clinical Psychiatry·DateApr 17, 2018

Alpine grassland productivity not sensitive to climate warming on third pole

Research in Tibetan alpine grasslands found that climate warming does not decrease productivity, but rather changes the composition of plant species to stabilize production. The study's findings suggest that shifting species composition enables communities to access more water and buffer against drought-induced declines.

SourceChinese Academy of Sciences Headquarters·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateApr 17, 2018

Abramson Cancer Canter studies show promise of immunotherapy combinations, including CAR T

Researchers at the Abramson Cancer Center have discovered promising immunotherapy combinations for treating glioblastoma, head and neck cancer, and pancreatic cancer. CAR T cell therapy combined with checkpoint inhibitors has shown enhanced effectiveness in glioblastoma, while targeting a novel immune checkpoint in head and neck cancer...

Back to the beginning

Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have developed a new process to generate NP-like cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). The team mimicked the embryonic development process to produce nucleus pulposus cells, which could potentially be used to treat degenerative disc disease.

SourceWashington University in St. Louis·JournalStem Cell Research & Therapy·DateApr 17, 2018

Researchers uncover origin of virus-fighting plasma B cells

A study published in Immunity reveals that T follicular helper cells play a crucial role in determining the fate of B cells, with stronger interactions leading to plasma B cell formation. The researchers identified a subset of B cells expressing IRF4 and CD69 as precursors to plasma B cells.

SourceRIKEN·JournalImmunity·DateApr 17, 2018

Opioid-related hospitalizations rising in Medicare patients without opioid prescriptions

A study by University of Texas Medical Branch researchers found that opioid-related hospitalization rates increased among Medicare patients without prescribed opioids after the 2014 federal change limiting hydrocodone product dispensing. This increase may indicate illegal use of these drugs.

SourceUniversity of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston·JournalJournal of the American Geriatrics Society·DateApr 17, 2018

Understanding Mercury's magnetic tail

Researchers found that plasmoid reconnection in Mercury's magnetotail could accelerate energetic electrons, solving a puzzle left by previous space missions. The study also revealed that turbulence enhances reconnection, leading to improved predictions for future missions like Bepi-Colombo.

SourceAmerican Institute of Physics·JournalPhysics of Plasmas·DateApr 17, 2018

A graphene roll-out

Researchers at MIT have developed a continuous manufacturing process to produce long strips of high-quality graphene. The team's results are the first demonstration of an industrial, scalable method for manufacturing high-quality graphene suitable for membrane applications.

SourceMassachusetts Institute of Technology·JournalACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·DateApr 17, 2018

The enzyme designers

The study reveals that a slight change in the substrate can practically stop an enzyme reaction. Computational design of a new variant was successfully produced and tested, demonstrating the method's accuracy and potential for future research.

SourceTechnical University of Munich (TUM)·JournalNature Communications·DateApr 17, 2018

A new Listeria species from Costa Rica identified

A new bacterial species, Listeria costaricensis, has been identified in Costa Rica, increasing the knowledge of Listeria's pathogenic potential. The discovery was made through a three-year research project that sampled water from an industrial drainage area, revealing the biodiversity of Costa Rican soils.

SourceInstitut Pasteur·JournalINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY·DateApr 17, 2018

Carbon dioxide as a raw material

Scientists at Ruhr-University Bochum successfully converted CO2 into an alcohol through a two-step reaction, facilitated by copper and rhodium catalysts. The process achieved a 40% recycling rate for the base, paving the way for industrial-scale applications.

SourceRuhr-University Bochum·JournalChemistry - A European Journal·DateApr 17, 2018

Safety concerns over tungsten

A recent study published in Communications Chemistry found that tungsten accumulates in specific regions of the bone, particularly in bone marrow and cancellous bone tissue. This accumulation raises concerns over the element's safety for human exposure, especially among young individuals.

SourceMcGill University·JournalCommunications Chemistry·DateApr 17, 2018